Define ‘slurry’ and ‘filter cake’.

Define ‘slurry’ and ‘filter cake’.
by

1 Answer

Answer :

i) Slurry: Mixture of insoluble substances suspended in a liquid and intended to filter before use. 

 ii) Filter cake: The solid which gets collected on the filter is called as filter cake.
by

Related questions

Addition of filter aid to the slurry before filtration is done to __________ of the cake. (A) Increase the porosity (B) Increase the compressibility co-efficient (C) Decrease the porosity (D) Decrease the compressibility co-efficient

Description : Addition of filter aid to the slurry before filtration is done to __________ of the cake. (A) Increase the porosity (B) Increase the compressibility co-efficient (C) Decrease the porosity (D) Decrease the compressibility co-efficient

Last Answer : (A) Increase the porosity

Filter aids like asbestos, kieselguhr, diatomaceous earth etc. are used to increase the porosity of the final filter cake & reducing the cake resistance during filtration. Filter aid is (A) Added to the feed slurry (B) Pre-coated on the filter medium prior to filtration (C) Separated from the cake by dissolving solids or by burning it off (D) All 'a', 'b' & 'c'

Description : Filter aids like asbestos, kieselguhr, diatomaceous earth etc. are used to increase the porosity of the final filter cake & reducing the cake resistance during filtration. Filter aid is (A) Added to the feed slurry (B) Pre ... the cake by dissolving solids or by burning it off (D) All 'a', 'b' & 'c'

Last Answer : (D) All 'a', 'b' & 'c'

Filtration capacity of a rotary drum vacuum filter depends upon the (A) Cake thickness (B) Characteristics of the feed slurry (C) Both (A) & (B) (D) Neither (A) nor (B)

Description : Filtration capacity of a rotary drum vacuum filter depends upon the (A) Cake thickness (B) Characteristics of the feed slurry (C) Both (A) & (B) (D) Neither (A) nor (B)

Last Answer : (C) Both (A) & (B)

During filtration operation, the filtrate encounters the resistance of the (A) Filter medium (B) Cake (C) Channel carrying the slurry to the upstream side of the cake and filtrate away from the filter medium (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Description : During filtration operation, the filtrate encounters the resistance of the (A) Filter medium (B) Cake (C) Channel carrying the slurry to the upstream side of the cake and filtrate away from the filter medium (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Last Answer : (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Define The term Clarification. Write the working of filter candle with neat diagram.

Description : Define The term Clarification. Write the working of filter candle with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Clarification:-  When solids are present in a very small proportion i.e. not exceeding 1.0 % the process of its separation from liquid, is called clarification. Working :-   1) These are ... the candle & gets collected inside the candle from where it is removed. Diagram :

Draw a well labelled diagram of filter candle. Give its working and disadvantages.

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of filter candle. Give its working and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Diagram : Working  : The filter candle is placed in a vessel containing the liquid to be filtered. When vacuum is applied, the pressure inside the candle is decreased. Due to ... Disadvantages   1. Chance of clogging/blocking. 2. Traces of material may come in the solution.

Write the working of filter press with well labelled diagram.

Description : Write the working of filter press with well labelled diagram.

Last Answer : Working:  1. The slurry is pumped in under positive pressure up to 20 bar and fill each frame. 2. The filtrate passes through the cloths on opposite sides of the frame and runs down between the ... 6. Thickness of cake can be varied by using frame of different thickness. Diagram: 

List qualities of an ideal filter aid and state any two example of it.

Description : List qualities of an ideal filter aid and state any two example of it.

Last Answer : Ideal qualities of filter aid:  i. It should be remain suspended in the liquid. ii. It should be free from impurities. iii. It should be inert. iv. It should have a particle size distribution suitable ... i. Asbestos. ii. Cellulose. iii. Carbon. iv. Diatomaceous earth (silica). v. Perlite.

Enlist the different filter medium used for filtration.

Description : Enlist the different filter medium used for filtration.

Last Answer : i) Filter paper. ii) Cotton wool. iii) Glass wool. iv) Asbestos. v) Fine muslin. vii)FilterMembranefilter. viii)Sintered glass filter. 

What are filter aid. What should be qualities of filter aid?

Description : What are filter aid. What should be qualities of filter aid?

Last Answer : Filter Aid: These are the substance which reduces the resistance of filtrate to flow. Ideal qualities of filter aid:  i. It should be remain suspended in the liquid. ii. It should be free ... suitable for retention of solid. v. It should have structure that permits formation of porous cake. 

Explain construction and working of filter candle.

Description : Explain construction and working of filter candle.

Last Answer : Construction: These are cylindrical candles with an opening, The opening is connected to vacuum pump for reducing pressure under it, durin filtration process. The candles are made up of ... thick wall of the candle & gets collected inside the candle from where it is removed. 

Differentiate between filtration and clarification. Enlist various filter media used in Pharmacy.

Description : Differentiate between filtration and clarification. Enlist various filter media used in Pharmacy.

Last Answer : Sr. no. Filtration Clarification 1 It is process of removal of solids or suspended matter in a liquid or gas by passing through a porous medium in which solids are retained. ... wool iv) Asbestos v) Fine muslin vi) Filter cloth vii) Membrane filters viii) Sintered glass filters.

Name the commonly used filter aids.

Description : Name the commonly used filter aids.

Last Answer : Commonly used filter aids are as follows: 1) Cellulose 2) Asbestos 3) Carbon 4) Diatomaceous earth 5) Perlite

Write the qualities of an ideal filter aids. Give examples of filter aid.

Description : Write the qualities of an ideal filter aids. Give examples of filter aid.

Last Answer : Ideal qualities of filter aid: i. It should be remain suspended in the liquid. ii. It should be free from impurities. iii. It should be inert. iv. It should have a particle size distribution ... ii. Cellulose. iii. Carbon. iv. Diatomaceous earth (silica). v.Perlite. vi.Activated Charcoal

Explain the construction and working of ‘Meta Filter’.

Description : Explain the construction and working of ‘Meta Filter’.

Last Answer : Construction: i. It consists of grooved, drainage rod on which a number of metallic ring are packed. ii. The rings are usually of stainless steel and have 0.8 mm outer thickness, 15 mm inside ... pack of ring act as a base on which the fine filtration medium is supported Diagram: 

Explain the construction and working of filter press.

Description : Explain the construction and working of filter press.

Last Answer : Construction: It consists of alternative plate and frame mounted on two parallel support bars. The pressure can be applied through screw thread so that the plate and frame are rigidly fixed between ... Thickness of cake can be varied by using frame of different thickness. Diagram:

Explain any four factors affecting filtration. Draw a well labelled diagram of leaf filter.

Description : Explain any four factors affecting filtration. Draw a well labelled diagram of leaf filter.

Last Answer : Factors which affect the rate of filtration are:   1. Pressure: The rate of filtration of liquid is directly proportional to the pressure difference between the filter medium and filter cake. Thus, the ... cake increases which decreases the rate of filtration.  Diagram of leaf filter :

Enlist the ideal qualities of Filter aids.

Description : Enlist the ideal qualities of Filter aids.

Last Answer : Ideal qualities of filter aid:It should remain suspended in the liquid. 1. It should be free from impurities. 2. It should be inert. 3. It should have a particle size distribution suitable for retention of solid. 4. It should have structure that permits formation of porous cake.

Explain working,construction of filter leaf with neat diagram.

Description : Explain working,construction of filter leaf with neat diagram. 

Last Answer : Construction of filter leaf   It consists of metal frame enclosing a wire screen or a grooved plate. The screen is covered by filter cloth which is fitted in frame, to grip the cloth. The frame ... . The cake can be washed by immersing in a vessel containing water or reverse flow of air

Draw well labelled diagram of filter candle.

Description : Draw well labelled diagram of filter candle.

Last Answer : diagram of filter candle.

__________ is used for producing a thick suspension from a thin slurry. (A) Cartridge filter (B) Rotary drum vacuum filter (C) Pressure filter thickener (D) Plate and frame filter press

Description : __________ is used for producing a thick suspension from a thin slurry. (A) Cartridge filter (B) Rotary drum vacuum filter (C) Pressure filter thickener (D) Plate and frame filter press

Last Answer : (C) Pressure filter thickener

Introduction of slurry in a plate and frame filter press is done through a plate in each frame. The plate of this filter has a __________ surface. (A) Plane (B) Curved (C) Ribbed (D) Either (A) or (B)

Description : Introduction of slurry in a plate and frame filter press is done through a plate in each frame. The plate of this filter has a __________ surface. (A) Plane (B) Curved (C) Ribbed (D) Either (A) or (B)

Last Answer : (C) Ribbed

Percentage of drum submerged in the slurry in case of rotary drum filter is (A) 3 (B) 30 (C) 85 (D) 25

Description : Percentage of drum submerged in the slurry in case of rotary drum filter is (A) 3 (B) 30 (C) 85 (D) 25

Last Answer : (B) 30

Define pharmaceutical container. Give qualities of an ideal container.

Description : Define pharmaceutical container. Give qualities of an ideal container.

Last Answer : Definition: Pharmaceutical container  A device that holds the drug and it may or may not be in direct contact with the pharmaceutical dosage form or preparations. Qualities of an ideal container:  1 ... and temperature. 7. Labelled easily 8. Non-toxic. 9. Closure easily removable/replaceable.

Define aseptic techniques. What are the various sources of contamination?

Description : Define aseptic techniques. What are the various sources of contamination?

Last Answer : Definition: Aseptic technique  The method which is used to prevent the access of microorganism during the preparation of parenteral product and their testing are called Aseptic Technique Sources of ... are also a source of contamination. A handkerchief is the richest source of contamination. 

Define drying. Give application of drying in pharmacy.

Description : Define drying. Give application of drying in pharmacy.

Last Answer : Definition:  Drying: It is defined as final removal of liquid from solid by vaporization with aid of heat. Application:  1) In pharmaceutical industry it is used as a unit process in the ... of product, when powder is dried it gets solublised fast. 7) Drying ensures free flowing of powders.

Define sterilisation and classify methods of sterilisation.

Description : Define sterilisation and classify methods of sterilisation.

Last Answer : Definition: Sterilizations is the process of complete destruction of all microorganisms along with their spores present in the system.  Methods of sterilization:  I. Physical methods:  1. Dry heat ... . Seitz filters  3. Sintered glass filters 4. Sintered metal filters  5. Membrane filters

Define Pharmacopoeia. List official books used in India.

Description : Define Pharmacopoeia. List official books used in India. 

Last Answer : Defination: Pharmakon means a drug and poeia means to make . Pharmacopoeia is defined as a compressive book which is issued under the authority of government and contains a list of drug ...  v) International Pharmacopeia  vi) Japanese Pharmacopoeia (J.P.)  vii) Martindale Extra Pharmacopoeia 

Define ‘menstruum’ and state three ideal qualities of a menstruum.

Description : Define ‘menstruum’ and state three ideal qualities of a menstruum.

Last Answer : Menstruum :- Solvent used to extract the drug.  Ideal properties of menstruum: i) Cheap. ii) Non-toxic. iii) Stable chemically and physically. iv) Selective i.e. remove the desired active constituents with minimum amount of inert materials.

Define ‘drug’ and ‘dosage form’.

Description : Define ‘drug’ and ‘dosage form’. 

Last Answer : i. Drug: A chemical agent intended for use in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease in man or in other animals.   ii. Dosage Form: Dosage form is a ... of a pure chemical compound into a predetermined form by admixing drug components with non drug components. 

Define desiccation with two example of Desiccants and draw a diagram of “ Desiccator”

Description : Define desiccation with two example of Desiccants and draw a diagram of “ Desiccator”

Last Answer : Definition: Desiccation is the process of complete removal of mechanically admixed water from substances. Examples of desiccants:  Silica, activated charcoal, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, and molecular sieves. Diagram:

Define sieve number and enlist standards for sieves as per IP.

Description : Define sieve number and enlist standards for sieves as per IP.

Last Answer : Sieve Number:  It is the number of mesh in 2.54cm transverse direction parallel to wire. According to I.P standards for sieves are as follows  Approximate sieve number Nominal mesh ... size According to I.P. sieves must confirm the above mentioned specifications for the given sieve number.

Define emulsion.

Description : Define emulsion.

Last Answer : Emulsion is a biphasic liquid preparation containing two immiscible liquids , one of which is dispersed as minute globules into other phase that is continuous phase and made miscible by addition of emulsifying agents.

Define the term “phagocytosis and antibodies”.

Description : Define the term “phagocytosis and antibodies”.

Last Answer : Phagocytosis is the process of ingestion of bacteria by certain cells of the body ,which make them harmless.  Antibodies are immunoglobulin produced mainly in the body in response to the presence of foreign proteins and certain other material in tissues(antigens).

Define: i) Sterilization ii) Disinfection Classify different methods of sterilization.

Description : Define: i) Sterilization ii) Disinfection Classify different methods of sterilization.

Last Answer : i) Sterilization: Sterilization is a process of complete destruction of all micro-organisms & their spores present in a system. ii) Disinfection: A process that removes the infection potential by ... ) Seitz filters 3) Sintered glass filters 4) Sintered metal filters 5) Membrane filters

Define aerosol. Classify aerosol. Give formula of aerosol with example.

Description : Define aerosol. Classify aerosol. Give formula of aerosol with example. 

Last Answer : Definition: Aerosol   Aerosols may be defined as disperse phase system in which very fine solid particles or liquid droplet get dispersed in the gases which act as continuous phase. These are ... in the formulation. 7) The propellant, medicament, additives are filled into an aerosol container.

Define i) Arka ii)Gutika

Description : Define i) Arka ii)Gutika

Last Answer : i) Arka: It is the liquid preparation obtained by distillation of certain liquid or crude drug soaked in water using distillation unit.  ii)Gutika: Medicament in the form of tablets or pills are known as vati or gutika.

Define: i) Capping ii)Lamination

Description : Define: i) Capping ii)Lamination

Last Answer : i) Capping: Capping is partial or complete removal of top or bottom portion of the tablet.   ii)Lamination: Tablet splits or cracks on the sides by air expansion.

Define size separation. How will you grade the powder according to IP 1985.

Description : Define size separation. How will you grade the powder according to IP 1985.

Last Answer : Definition:- It is technique used to separate particles of specified size. Different grades of power according to I.P 1985. 1) Coarse powder-it is the powder of which all the practices pass through ... sieve no 85 5)Very fine powder-it is powder of which all particles pass through sieve no.120

Define immunity. What are the different types of immunity?

Description : Define immunity. What are the different types of immunity?

Last Answer : Definition: Immunity is the power of body to resist effect of invasion of micro organisms Active Immunity-Antigens are injected in human body; as a result antibodies are formed. It ... are injected in human body. It develops quickly, it remains for short period treatment is therapeutic

Define Drying .What are different factors affecting to the rate of drying?

Description : Define Drying .What are different factors affecting to the rate of drying?

Last Answer : Definition: Final removal of liquid from the solid with the help of heat is called drying. Factor affecting the rate of drying: Following factor can affect the rate of drying: 1) Surface area of ... (Hs-Hg) between surface layer and atmospheric: if difference is more rate of drying will be fast.

Define microencapsulation.What are its advantages and different techniques involved in it?

Description : Define microencapsulation.What are its advantages and different techniques involved in it?

Last Answer : Microencapsulation : it is the technique in which a thin coating is applied on the particles of solids, liquids, resulting in the formation of micro-capsules ranging from micron to ... 4) Electrostatic Deposition 5) Vacuum deposition 6) Polymerization 7) Multiorific Centrifugal Process.

Define tablet as a dosage form along with advantages and disadvantages.

Description : Define tablet as a dosage form along with advantages and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Definition:  Tablets are solid unit dosage form containing medicament or medicaments usually circular in shape and may be flat or biconvex. Advantages:   1. Easy to administered. 2. Easy to ... . 4. Bioavailability is low. 5. Bitter- tasting drugs, moisture sensetive drugs requires coating.

Define capsule as a dosage form along with its advantages and disadvantages.

Description : Define capsule as a dosage form along with its advantages and disadvantages. 

Last Answer : Definition: Capsule: Capsules are a solid unit dosage form in which the drug substances are enclosed in a water soluble shell or an envelope. Advantages of capsules:  1. Drugs ... 2. Concentrated preparation which needs dilution before administration cannot be given in form of capsule.

Define size reduction .What are different factors affecting to the rate of size reduction?

Description : Define size reduction .What are different factors affecting to the rate of size reduction?

Last Answer : Size reduction is the process of reducing drugs into smaller pieces , coarse particles or fine powder. Factor affecting size reduction: 1.Hardness: Soft material easy break than hard. 2. ... size reduction of the material in a machine depends upon the bulk density of the substance.

Define Aerosols. What are advantages and disadvantages of Aerosols?

Description : Define Aerosols. What are advantages and disadvantages of Aerosols?

Last Answer : Aerosols may be defined as disperse phase system in which very fine solid particles or liquid droplet gets dispersed in the gases which act as continuous phase. These are pressured packages. ... to injured skin. 4. Difficulties occurred during formulation when drug not soluble in propellants. 

Define the following terms: (i) Drug (ii) Dosage forms (iii) Excipients

Description : Define the following terms:  (i) Drug (ii) Dosage forms (iii) Excipients

Last Answer : (i) Drug- A chemical agent intended for use in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease in man or in other animals. (ii) Dosage forms- Dosage form is a ... along with Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients make up the dosage forms. Eg. suspending agent ,emulsifying agent etc.

Define container and closure.

Description : Define container and closure.

Last Answer : Container is a device that holds the drug and it may or may not be in direct contact with the pharmaceutical preparations.  Closure is the device by means of which container can be opened and closed.

Define Pharmacopoeia. Give example.

Description : Define Pharmacopoeia. Give example.

Last Answer : Pharmacopoeia: Pharmakon means a drug and poein means to make . Pharmacopoeia is defined as a compressive book which is issued under the authority of government and contains a list of drugs and formulae used ... to which they must confirm. Example: I.P., B.P., USP, European Pharmacopoeia, etc.