Define ‘drug’ and ‘dosage form’.

Define ‘drug’ and ‘dosage form’. 
by

1 Answer

Answer :

i. Drug: A chemical agent intended for use in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease in man or in other animals. 

 ii. Dosage Form: Dosage form is a transformation of a pure chemical compound into a predetermined form by admixing drug components with non drug components. 
by

Related questions

Define the following terms: (i) Drug (ii) Dosage forms (iii) Excipients

Description : Define the following terms:  (i) Drug (ii) Dosage forms (iii) Excipients

Last Answer : (i) Drug- A chemical agent intended for use in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease in man or in other animals. (ii) Dosage forms- Dosage form is a ... along with Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients make up the dosage forms. Eg. suspending agent ,emulsifying agent etc.

Define (i) Drug (ii) Dosage forms

Description : Define (i) Drug (ii) Dosage forms

Last Answer : (i) Drug- A chemical agent intended for use in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease in man or in other animals.  (ii) Dosage forms- Dosage form is a ... of a pure chemical compound into a predetermined form by admixing drug components with non- drug components. 

Define drug. Classify different types of dosage forms with examples

Description : Define drug. Classify different types of dosage forms with examples

Last Answer : Drug- A chemical agent intended for use in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease in man or in other animals.

Define tablet as a dosage form along with advantages and disadvantages.

Description : Define tablet as a dosage form along with advantages and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Definition:  Tablets are solid unit dosage form containing medicament or medicaments usually circular in shape and may be flat or biconvex. Advantages:   1. Easy to administered. 2. Easy to ... . 4. Bioavailability is low. 5. Bitter- tasting drugs, moisture sensetive drugs requires coating.

Define capsule as a dosage form along with its advantages and disadvantages.

Description : Define capsule as a dosage form along with its advantages and disadvantages. 

Last Answer : Definition: Capsule: Capsules are a solid unit dosage form in which the drug substances are enclosed in a water soluble shell or an envelope. Advantages of capsules:  1. Drugs ... 2. Concentrated preparation which needs dilution before administration cannot be given in form of capsule.

Define and classify dosage form.

Description : Define and classify dosage form.

Last Answer : Defination: Is a combination of the drug and different kinds of non drug components called additives.  

What are advantages of liquid dosage form?

Description : What are advantages of liquid dosage form? 

Last Answer : i) Usually faster acting than the solid dosage forms ii) Maybe easier to take than an oral solid dosage form for patients having difficulty in swallowing tablets or capsules. iii) More ... practical to administer than solid dosage forms for specific patient cases. v) Good patient compliance.

Write importance of dosage form.

Description : Write importance of dosage form.

Last Answer : Transformation of drug into dosage forms is done for the following reasons: 1. To protect the drug substance from oxidation, hydrolysis and reduction. Eg. Coated tablets and sealed ampoules. ... . Many dosage forms can be easily identified from their distinct colour, shape or identifying markings.

Explain why there is need of different dosage form.

Description : Explain why there is need of different dosage form.

Last Answer : Need of dosage forms : 1. To protect drug substances from oxidation, hydrolysis, reduction etc.eg. coated tablets, sealed ampoules etc. 2. To protect the drug from destructive ... Sustained release action to control the release mechanism. Eg. Sustained release tablets, capsules and suspensions.

Classification of liquid dosage formas

Description : Classification of liquid dosage formas

Last Answer : Classification of liquid dosage formas

The comparison of bioavailability between two dosage forms is refereed as____________ A. Bioavailability B. Biopharmaceutics C. Biological D. Bioequivalence

Description : The comparison of bioavailability between two dosage forms is refereed as____________ A. Bioavailability B. Biopharmaceutics C. Biological D. Bioequivalence

Last Answer : D. Bioequivalence 

Name some of the modern dosage forms.

Description : Name some of the modern dosage forms.

Last Answer : 1. Implants 2. Liposome drug carriers 3. Nanoparticles 4. Prodrugs 5. Films and strips 6. Erythrocytes 7.Controlled drug delivery system 8.Sustained release system

Give any three importance of dosage forms. Differentiate between Mouthwash and Gargle.

Description : Give any three importance of dosage forms. Differentiate between Mouthwash and Gargle.

Last Answer : Importance of dosage forms : 1. To protect drug substances from oxidation, hydrolysis, reduction etc.eg. coated tablets, sealed ampoules etc. 2. To protect the drug from destructive effect of ... mouth wash, Listrin. 6. Examples: Phenol gargle, potassium chlorate gargle, Betadine.

What are NDDS? Differentiate between sustained and controlled release dosage forms.

Description : What are NDDS? Differentiate between sustained and controlled release dosage forms.

Last Answer : NDDS:  New drug delivery system delivers or aimed at maximizing the drug effectiveness or minimizing the side effects. Some of the Novel dosage forms are: 1) Implants 2) Controlled drug delivery system 3) ... drug. 6 e.g. sustain release tables. e.g. Transdermal patches. 

What are various ‘ Novel drug delivery systems’- explain implants.

Description : What are various ‘ Novel drug delivery systems’- explain implants. 

Last Answer : Various drug delivery systems are:  1. Implants 2. Liposome drug carriers 3. Nanoparticles 4. Prodrugs 5. Films and strips 6. Erythrocytes Implants: The hypodermic tablets are placed under the ... placed in the upper thigh at a depth of 5 mm. These implants are useful in hormone therapy.

Differentiate Maceration for organized drug and Maceration for unorganized drug

Description : Differentiate Maceration for organized drug and Maceration for unorganized drug

Last Answer : Maceration for organized drug Maceration for unorganized drug 1 Drug along with whole of menstrum is used in maceration process  Drug along with 4/5th of the menstrum is used ... lemon Example of tincture: Tincture of tolu, Tincture of catechu, compound tincture of benzoin.

Why imbibition is necessary before packing of the drug into the percolator?

Description : Why imbibition is necessary before packing of the drug into the percolator?

Last Answer : . Imbibition is done in order to: i. It allow the swelling of tissue of drug before packing. ii .It is imbibed for uniform packing in percolator. iii. It allows the entrapped air to escape. iv. Quantity of menstrum required can be reduced.

Name various Novel drug Delivery systems.

Description : Name various Novel drug Delivery systems.

Last Answer : 1. Implants 2. Liposome drug carriers 3. Nanoparticles 4. Prodrugs 5. Films and strips 6. Resealed Erythrocytes etc.

Discuss novel drug delivery system.

Description : Discuss novel drug delivery system.

Last Answer : New drug delivery system delivers or aimed at maximizing the drug effectiveness or minimizing the side effects. Some of the Novel dosage forms are: 1) Implants 2) Controlled drug delivery system 3) Sustained ... these days are I. Zero order release film. II. Buccal Stip. III. Spray bandages.

Define pharmaceutical container. Give qualities of an ideal container.

Description : Define pharmaceutical container. Give qualities of an ideal container.

Last Answer : Definition: Pharmaceutical container  A device that holds the drug and it may or may not be in direct contact with the pharmaceutical dosage form or preparations. Qualities of an ideal container:  1 ... and temperature. 7. Labelled easily 8. Non-toxic. 9. Closure easily removable/replaceable.

Define aseptic techniques. What are the various sources of contamination?

Description : Define aseptic techniques. What are the various sources of contamination?

Last Answer : Definition: Aseptic technique  The method which is used to prevent the access of microorganism during the preparation of parenteral product and their testing are called Aseptic Technique Sources of ... are also a source of contamination. A handkerchief is the richest source of contamination. 

Define drying. Give application of drying in pharmacy.

Description : Define drying. Give application of drying in pharmacy.

Last Answer : Definition:  Drying: It is defined as final removal of liquid from solid by vaporization with aid of heat. Application:  1) In pharmaceutical industry it is used as a unit process in the ... of product, when powder is dried it gets solublised fast. 7) Drying ensures free flowing of powders.

Define sterilisation and classify methods of sterilisation.

Description : Define sterilisation and classify methods of sterilisation.

Last Answer : Definition: Sterilizations is the process of complete destruction of all microorganisms along with their spores present in the system.  Methods of sterilization:  I. Physical methods:  1. Dry heat ... . Seitz filters  3. Sintered glass filters 4. Sintered metal filters  5. Membrane filters

Define Pharmacopoeia. List official books used in India.

Description : Define Pharmacopoeia. List official books used in India. 

Last Answer : Defination: Pharmakon means a drug and poeia means to make . Pharmacopoeia is defined as a compressive book which is issued under the authority of government and contains a list of drug ...  v) International Pharmacopeia  vi) Japanese Pharmacopoeia (J.P.)  vii) Martindale Extra Pharmacopoeia 

Define ‘menstruum’ and state three ideal qualities of a menstruum.

Description : Define ‘menstruum’ and state three ideal qualities of a menstruum.

Last Answer : Menstruum :- Solvent used to extract the drug.  Ideal properties of menstruum: i) Cheap. ii) Non-toxic. iii) Stable chemically and physically. iv) Selective i.e. remove the desired active constituents with minimum amount of inert materials.

Define ‘slurry’ and ‘filter cake’.

Description : Define ‘slurry’ and ‘filter cake’.

Last Answer : i) Slurry: Mixture of insoluble substances suspended in a liquid and intended to filter before use.   ii) Filter cake: The solid which gets collected on the filter is called as filter cake.

Define desiccation with two example of Desiccants and draw a diagram of “ Desiccator”

Description : Define desiccation with two example of Desiccants and draw a diagram of “ Desiccator”

Last Answer : Definition: Desiccation is the process of complete removal of mechanically admixed water from substances. Examples of desiccants:  Silica, activated charcoal, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, and molecular sieves. Diagram:

Define The term Clarification. Write the working of filter candle with neat diagram.

Description : Define The term Clarification. Write the working of filter candle with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Clarification:-  When solids are present in a very small proportion i.e. not exceeding 1.0 % the process of its separation from liquid, is called clarification. Working :-   1) These are ... the candle & gets collected inside the candle from where it is removed. Diagram :

Define sieve number and enlist standards for sieves as per IP.

Description : Define sieve number and enlist standards for sieves as per IP.

Last Answer : Sieve Number:  It is the number of mesh in 2.54cm transverse direction parallel to wire. According to I.P standards for sieves are as follows  Approximate sieve number Nominal mesh ... size According to I.P. sieves must confirm the above mentioned specifications for the given sieve number.

Define emulsion.

Description : Define emulsion.

Last Answer : Emulsion is a biphasic liquid preparation containing two immiscible liquids , one of which is dispersed as minute globules into other phase that is continuous phase and made miscible by addition of emulsifying agents.

Define the term “phagocytosis and antibodies”.

Description : Define the term “phagocytosis and antibodies”.

Last Answer : Phagocytosis is the process of ingestion of bacteria by certain cells of the body ,which make them harmless.  Antibodies are immunoglobulin produced mainly in the body in response to the presence of foreign proteins and certain other material in tissues(antigens).

Define: i) Sterilization ii) Disinfection Classify different methods of sterilization.

Description : Define: i) Sterilization ii) Disinfection Classify different methods of sterilization.

Last Answer : i) Sterilization: Sterilization is a process of complete destruction of all micro-organisms & their spores present in a system. ii) Disinfection: A process that removes the infection potential by ... ) Seitz filters 3) Sintered glass filters 4) Sintered metal filters 5) Membrane filters

Define aerosol. Classify aerosol. Give formula of aerosol with example.

Description : Define aerosol. Classify aerosol. Give formula of aerosol with example. 

Last Answer : Definition: Aerosol   Aerosols may be defined as disperse phase system in which very fine solid particles or liquid droplet get dispersed in the gases which act as continuous phase. These are ... in the formulation. 7) The propellant, medicament, additives are filled into an aerosol container.

Define i) Arka ii)Gutika

Description : Define i) Arka ii)Gutika

Last Answer : i) Arka: It is the liquid preparation obtained by distillation of certain liquid or crude drug soaked in water using distillation unit.  ii)Gutika: Medicament in the form of tablets or pills are known as vati or gutika.

Define: i) Capping ii)Lamination

Description : Define: i) Capping ii)Lamination

Last Answer : i) Capping: Capping is partial or complete removal of top or bottom portion of the tablet.   ii)Lamination: Tablet splits or cracks on the sides by air expansion.

Define size separation. How will you grade the powder according to IP 1985.

Description : Define size separation. How will you grade the powder according to IP 1985.

Last Answer : Definition:- It is technique used to separate particles of specified size. Different grades of power according to I.P 1985. 1) Coarse powder-it is the powder of which all the practices pass through ... sieve no 85 5)Very fine powder-it is powder of which all particles pass through sieve no.120

Define immunity. What are the different types of immunity?

Description : Define immunity. What are the different types of immunity?

Last Answer : Definition: Immunity is the power of body to resist effect of invasion of micro organisms Active Immunity-Antigens are injected in human body; as a result antibodies are formed. It ... are injected in human body. It develops quickly, it remains for short period treatment is therapeutic

Define Drying .What are different factors affecting to the rate of drying?

Description : Define Drying .What are different factors affecting to the rate of drying?

Last Answer : Definition: Final removal of liquid from the solid with the help of heat is called drying. Factor affecting the rate of drying: Following factor can affect the rate of drying: 1) Surface area of ... (Hs-Hg) between surface layer and atmospheric: if difference is more rate of drying will be fast.

Define microencapsulation.What are its advantages and different techniques involved in it?

Description : Define microencapsulation.What are its advantages and different techniques involved in it?

Last Answer : Microencapsulation : it is the technique in which a thin coating is applied on the particles of solids, liquids, resulting in the formation of micro-capsules ranging from micron to ... 4) Electrostatic Deposition 5) Vacuum deposition 6) Polymerization 7) Multiorific Centrifugal Process.

Define size reduction .What are different factors affecting to the rate of size reduction?

Description : Define size reduction .What are different factors affecting to the rate of size reduction?

Last Answer : Size reduction is the process of reducing drugs into smaller pieces , coarse particles or fine powder. Factor affecting size reduction: 1.Hardness: Soft material easy break than hard. 2. ... size reduction of the material in a machine depends upon the bulk density of the substance.

Define Aerosols. What are advantages and disadvantages of Aerosols?

Description : Define Aerosols. What are advantages and disadvantages of Aerosols?

Last Answer : Aerosols may be defined as disperse phase system in which very fine solid particles or liquid droplet gets dispersed in the gases which act as continuous phase. These are pressured packages. ... to injured skin. 4. Difficulties occurred during formulation when drug not soluble in propellants. 

Define container and closure.

Description : Define container and closure.

Last Answer : Container is a device that holds the drug and it may or may not be in direct contact with the pharmaceutical preparations.  Closure is the device by means of which container can be opened and closed.

Define Pharmacopoeia. Give example.

Description : Define Pharmacopoeia. Give example.

Last Answer : Pharmacopoeia: Pharmakon means a drug and poein means to make . Pharmacopoeia is defined as a compressive book which is issued under the authority of government and contains a list of drugs and formulae used ... to which they must confirm. Example: I.P., B.P., USP, European Pharmacopoeia, etc. 

Define ‘Homogenisation’. Write the principle of homogenisation. Write in detail about ‘Colloidal Mill’.

Description : Define ‘Homogenisation’. Write the principle of homogenisation. Write in detail about ‘Colloidal Mill’.

Last Answer : Homogenization is the process of preparing fine emulsion from a coarse emulsion by converting the large globules in to small globules. Principle: These work on the principal of braking large ... thus reduced to fine particle size The material is thrown outward due to centrifugal action

Define the terms-1) sublimation ii) evaporation

Description : Define the terms-1) sublimation ii) evaporation

Last Answer : i) Sublimation: It is the process in which solid gets converted into vapour without formation of liquid and on cooling; the vapours get converted into solids.  ii) Evaporation: Evaporation may be defined as free escape of vapours from the surface of the liquid below its boiling point.

Define the terms size separation and sieves

Description : Define the terms size separation and sieves

Last Answer : Size separation: Is a process to separate particles according specified size. Sieve no: Sieve number indicates the number of meshes in a length of 2.54cm in each transverse direction parallel to the wires.

Define the term “Pharmacopoeia.”

Description : Define the term “Pharmacopoeia.” 

Last Answer : Pharmacopoeia: Pharmakon means a drug and poein means to make . Pharmacopoeia is defined as a compressive book which is issued under the authority of government and contains a list of drug ... with description and the tests for those substances and the standards to which they must confirm.

Define the term ‘Closures’. Write in detail about different types of closures commonly used in pharmaceutical industry.

Description : Define the term ‘Closures’. Write in detail about different types of closures commonly used in pharmaceutical industry.

Last Answer : CLOSURES are devices by means of which containers can be opened and closed. TYPES OF CLOSURES WITH EXAMPLES: 1. Plug type - It is a push-fit into the neck of the container. E.g. cork ... and paper impregnated with a suitable resin, wax or plastic. E.g. Caps of pharmaceutical liquid dosage forms.

Define ‘Viscosity’. Write the applications in Pharmacy.

Description : Define ‘Viscosity’. Write the applications in Pharmacy.

Last Answer : Defination of Viscosity: It is the property of liquid to resistance to flow. Applications of Viscosity in Pharmacy: i.Viscosity plays an important role in the stability of emulsions ... certain liquid preparations is increased in order to improve pourability or to make preparation more palatable.

Define ‘Containers’. What are the basic materials used in making of container?

Description : Define ‘Containers’. What are the basic materials used in making of container?

Last Answer : Containers: A device that holds the drug and it may or may not be in direct contact with the pharmaceutical dosage form or preparations. Basic materials used in making of container: i)Glass ii) Plastic iii) Metal iv) Paper and board