Peptic ulcer or gastric ulcer disease It may be very difficult to find people who are not familiar with the name gastric or ulcer. What people usually mean by gastric or peptic ulcer is what we call peptic ulcer in the language of medical science. Not only is peptic ulcer occurring in the stomach but it can occur in any part of the digestive system. Peptic ulcers are usually found in the part of the gastrointestinal tract - the lower part of the esophagus, the stomach, the first part of the duodenum or small intestine, and the part that is attached after the operation of the gastrointestinal tract. The number of such patients is very high in developing countries and our subcontinent as compared to western countries. The disease is more common in poor people than in rich people. However, men and women can be almost equally affected by this disease. Reasons why peptic ulcer can be hereditary: If someone's close relatives such as mother , father , uncle , mama , aunt , uncle are suffering from this disease, then they have a higher risk of getting peptic ulcer. Those who have blood group 'O' are more prone to this disease. 0 pathogens: Helicobacter pylori is a type of microorganism that is largely responsible for this disease. 0 Medicines: Among the medicines that can cause peptic ulcer, painkillers or D-Zhaoujh are especially significant. 0 Smoking: This disease is more prevalent among smokers. Peptic ulcers can also be caused by the secretion of an enzyme or pepsin, a type of digestive acid and protein, from one's nutrition system, which is a congenital weakness of the digestive system. However, there is no definite evidence in medical science that peptic ulcer is usually caused by eating fried or salty foods. However, those who do not eat regularly or fast for a long time may develop peptic ulcer. Symptoms 0 Abdominal pain: It is usually felt in the middle of the upper abdomen just below the thoracic cavity. But sometimes the pain can go backwards. Pain when hungry: This type of patient feels severe pain when he is hungry and the pain decreases as soon as he eats food. 0 Pain at night: Many times due to abdominal pain at night, the patient wakes up and plays something, the pain decreases and the patient falls asleep again. Occasional pain: The pain of peptic ulcer is usually not always present , the pain lasts for several weeks at a time then the patient recovers completely , this condition lasts for a few months then for a few weeks the pain is felt just like before. 0 Reduces pain: Peptic ulcer pain usually decreases with milk , antacids , food or vomiting or belching. In addition, patients with peptic ulcer may experience heartburn , loss of appetite , nausea , loss of appetite , or sudden vomiting of blood or severe abdominal pain. Discipline: Patients with peptic ulcer must stop smoking. Aspirin should be avoided as much as possible and regular meals should be taken. Medications: Patients with peptic ulcer usually benefit from the use of antacids , ranitidine , femotidine , omiprazol , lenso prazal , pento prajal. 0 Cause-based treatment: If the disease is caused by a bacterium, then treatment is given with a combination of different medicines which is known as Triple to Therapy. 0 Operation: In case of peptic ulcer, operation is usually not necessary. However, if the patient does not feel well after taking the medicine for a long time, if he eats something, he will vomit, that is, if any part of the alimentary canal becomes narrow. In that case the patient can benefit from the operation. If peptic ulcer is not treated in time, the patient may have the following problems. For example- Stomach may rupture 0 Blood may vomit 0 Black stool may occur 0 Anemia may occur 0 Cancer may occur (rarely) and Digestive tract may become narrow and patient may vomit repeatedly. Therefore, those who suffer from chronic peptic ulcer should seek medical attention. Early detection of peptic ulcer complications and treatment accordingly , living a healthy and normal life without the need for long-term treatment with surgery if necessary. 0 Professor Dr. AKM Fazlul Haque Author: Chairman , Department of Colorectal Surgery (Retd.) , Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Chamber: Japan Bangladesh Friendship Hospital , 55 , Saat Masjid Road , Dhanmondi , Dhaka.