Description : Which of the following organs is innervated only by parasympathetic nerves: A. Iris muscles B. Ciliary musclele C. Sweat glands D. Splenic capsu
Last Answer : B. Ciliary musclele
Description : Which of the following organs is innervated only by parasympathetic nerves ? (a) Iris muscles (b) Ciliary muscle (c) Sweat glands (d) Splenic capsule
Last Answer : Ans: B
Description : One function of parasympathetic nervous system is (a) contraction of hair muscles (b) stimulation of sweat glands (c) acceleration of heart beat (d) constriction of pupil.
Last Answer : (d) constriction of pupil.
Description : Muscarinic cholinergic receptors: A. Are located only on parasympathetically innervated effector cells B. Mediate responses by opening an intrinsic Na+ ion channel C. Are present on vascular endothelium which has no cholinergic nerve supply D. Predominate in the autonomic ganglia
Last Answer : C. Are present on vascular endothelium which has no cholinergic nerve supply
Description : The organ most sensitive to actions of atropine is: A. Gastric glands B. Salivary glands C. Urinary bladder muscle D. Heart
Last Answer : B. Salivary glands
Description : Agonistic action on which of the following adrenergic receptors located on ciliary epithelial cells reduces aqueous secretion: A. β1 receptor B. β2 receptor C. α1 receptor D. α2 receptor
Last Answer : D. α2 receptor
Description : Beta adrenergic blockers lower intraocular tension by: A. Down regulating adenylyl cyclase in ciliary body through reduced activation of β2 adrenoceptors B. Constricting ciliary blood vessels ... action on trabecular meshwork D. Reducing aqueous formation unrelated to beta adrenoceptor mediation
Last Answer : A. Down regulating adenylyl cyclase in ciliary body through reduced activation of β2 adrenoceptors
Description : The major postjunctional cholinergic receptor is of the muscarinic type at the following site: A. Postganglionic parasympathetic B. Adrenal medulla C. Autonomic ganglia D. Neuromuscular junction
Last Answer : A. Postganglionic parasympathetic
Description : The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems exert functionally opposite influences on the following parameters except: A. Heart rate B. Atrial refractory period C. Pupil diameter D. Intestinal motility
Last Answer : B. Atrial refractory period
Description : Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter at: a. sweat glands b. the adrenal medulla c. parasympathetic ganglia d. all above
Last Answer : all above
Description : Which of the following secretions is not stimulated by acetylcholine: A. Tear B. Bile C. Pancreatic juice D. Sweat
Last Answer : B. Bile
Description : The transparent lens in the human eye is held in its place by (a) ligaments attached to the ciliary body (b) ligaments attached to the iris (c) smooth muscles attached to the iris (d) smooth muscles attached to the ciliary body
Last Answer : (a) ligaments attached to the ciliary body
Description : The transparent lens in the human eye is held in its place by (1) ligaments attached to the ciliary body (2) ligaments attached to the iris (3) smooth muscles attached to the iris (4) smooth muscles attached to the ciliary body
Last Answer : (1) ligaments attached to the ciliary body
Description : The following structures are of ectodermal origin: a. the retina and its retinal pigment epithelium b. iris stroma c. the sclera d. the ciliary muscle e. the corneal stroma
Last Answer : the retina and its retinal pigment epithelium
Description : Acetylcholine has no therapeutic application because: A. None of its actions are beneficial in any condition B. Its effects are transient C. It produces wide spread actions affecting many organs D. Both ‘B’ and ‘C’ are correct
Last Answer : D. Both ‘B’ and ‘C’ are correct
Description : The parotid gland: a. contains a fascial sheath which is innervated by second cervical nerve b. receives post-ganglionic parasympathetic nerve from the otic ganglion c. contains a duct which opens ... . is composed of serous acini which contribute to the saliva e. is covered by the massenter
Last Answer : contains a fascial sheath which is innervated by second cervical nerve
Description : The bladder trigone and prostatic muscles are relaxed by: A. Adrenergic α1 agonists B. Adrenergic α1 antagonists C. Adrenergic α2 agonists D. Adrenergic α2 antagonists
Last Answer : B. Adrenergic α1 antagonists
Description : A suspected case of poisoning has been brought to the casualty with weakness, fainting, involuntary passage of urine and stools, profuse sweating, salivation, watering from nose and eyes. His pulse ... likely type of poisoning: A. Belladonna B. Barbiturate C. Anticholinesterase D. Dicophane (DDT
Last Answer : C. Anticholinesterase
Description : A suspected case of poisoning has been brought to the casualty with weakness, fainting, involuntary passage of urine and stools, profuse sweating, salivation, watering from nose and eyes. His pulse ... likely type of poisoning: A. Belladonna B. Barbiturate C. Anticholinesterase D. Dicophane (DDT)
Description : The following is not a feature of cardioselective beta blockers, when compared to propranolol: A. They are ineffective in suppressing muscle tremor B. They are safer in diabetics C. They are less likely to cause bradycardia D. They are less likely to worsen Raynaud’s disease
Last Answer : C. They are less likely to cause bradycardia
Description : Low doses of adrenaline dilate the following vascular bed: A. Cutaneous B. Mucosal C. Renal D. Skeletal muscle
Last Answer : D. Skeletal muscle
Description : Choose the correct statement about drotaverine: A. It is a smooth muscle antispasmodic acting by non-anticholinergic mechanisms B. It is a papaverine congener used in peripheral vascular diseases C. It ... used to control diarrhoea D. It is a M1/M3 selective antagonist used for spastic constipation
Last Answer : A. It is a smooth muscle antispasmodic acting by non-anticholinergic mechanisms
Description : Edrophonium is more suitable for differentiating myasthenic crisis from cholinergic crisis because of its: A. Shorter duration of action B. Longer duration of action C. Direct action on muscle end-plate D. Selective inhibition of true cholinesterase
Last Answer : A. Shorter duration of action
Description : The mechanism by which neostigmine improves contraction of myasthenic muscle involves: A. Repetitive binding of the acetylcholine molecules to the same receptors at the muscle endplate B. Diffusion of ... Activation of motor end-plate receptors by neostigmine molecules themselves D. All of the above
Last Answer : D. All of the above
Description : Neostigmine is preferred over physostigmine for treating myasthenia gravis because: A. It is better absorbed orally B. It has longer duration of action C. It has additional direct agonistic action on nicotinic receptors at the muscle end plate D. It penetrates blood-brain barrier
Last Answer : C. It has additional direct agonistic action on nicotinic receptors at the muscle end plate
Description : The smooth muscle structure that is relaxed by cholinergic drugs is: A. Colon B. Gastric fundus C. Major bronchi D. Bladder trigone
Last Answer : D. Bladder trigone
Description : Match the following structures with their respective location in organs. (A) Crypts of Lieberkuhn (i) Pancreas (B) Glisson's Capsule (ii) Duodenum (C) Islets of Langerhans (iii) Small intestine (D) Brunner's Glands (iv) Liver Select the ... ii) (iv) (c) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii) (d) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
Last Answer : (d) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
Description : The ciliary ganglion: a. is found between the optic nerve and the medial rectus b. contains sympathetic nerve that supplies the sphincter pupillae c. is a parasympathetic relay ganglion for fibers from ... nucleus d. contains sensory nerve e. has a motor nerve that goes to the inferior oblique
Last Answer : is a parasympathetic relay ganglion for fibers from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Description : The following are true about the autonomic nervous system: a. the postganglionic neurones are largely unmyelinated b. all preganglionic neurones are cholinergic c. the preganglionic neurones of ... parasympathetic nervous system d. the parasympathetic outflow is only found in the cranial nerves
Last Answer : the postganglionic neurones are largely unmyelinated
Description : Which of the following increases the rate of heart beat? (1) Peripheral nerves (2) Sympathetic nerves (3) Parasympathetic nerves (4) Cranial nerves
Last Answer : (2) Sympathetic nerves Explanation: Heart rate is controlled by the two branches of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous ... parasympathetic nervous sys-tem (PNS) releases the hormone acetylcholine to slow the heart rate.
Description : The following cranial nerves contain parasympathetic outflow arising at the brain stem: a. optic nerve b. oculomotor nerve c. trigeminal nerve d. facial nerve
Last Answer : facial nerve
Description : With regard to the autonomic nervous system: a. the dorsal root ganglia is made up mainly of the cell bodies of the sympathetic nerves b. the preganglionic sympathetic fibres ... the ganglia of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system d. botulin toxin blocks acetylcholine receptors
Last Answer : the dorsal root ganglia is made up mainly of the cell bodies of the sympathetic nerves
Description : Which controls reflex action? Options: A) Sympathetic nervous system B) Central nervous system C) Parasympathetic nervous system D) Sensory nerves
Last Answer : C) Parasympathetic nervous system
Last Answer : Sympathetic nerves
Description : During accommodation: a. the distance between the lens and the ciliary body is decreased b. the tension in the suspensory ligament is increased c. the tension of the lens capsule is increased d. the refractive power of the lens is increased
Last Answer : the refractive power of the lens is increased
Description : Aqueous humour is formed by: a. Epithelium of ciliary body b. Posterior surface of iris c. Lens d. Pars plana
Last Answer : ANSWER: A
Description : Dense scar of cornea with incarceration of iris is known as: a. Adherent Leucoma b. Dense leucoma c. Ciliary staphyloma d. Iris bombe
Description : Tyramine induces release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings: A. By depolarizing the axonal membrane B. By mobilizing Ca2+ C. By a nonexocytotic process D. Only in the presence of MAO inhibitors
Last Answer : C. By a nonexocytotic process
Description : The following inhibitor binds only to the ani-onic site of the cholinesterase enzyme: A. Neostigmine B. Physostigmine C. Edrophonium D. Dyflos
Last Answer : C. Edrophonium
Description : Pseudocholinesterase differs from true cholinesterase in that: A. It does not hydrolyse acetylcholine B. It hydrolyses acetylcholine at a slower rate C. It is more susceptible to inhibition by physostigmine D. It is the only form of circulating cholinesterase
Last Answer : B. It hydrolyses acetylcholine at a slower rate
Description : The felderstrukter fibres of the extraocular musclea. form the bulk of the orbital part of the muscle b. have poorly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum c. are singly innervated d. are more richly supplied by blood than the fibrillenstrukter fibres
Last Answer : have poorly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum
Description : The muscle spindles: a. are extrafusal fibres b. are innervated by type Ia and II fibres c. received motor innervation from the gamma fibres. d. respond to tension in the muscle
Last Answer : are innervated by type Ia and II fibres
Description : The first line of host defense is the barrier presented to the external environment. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning host barriers? a. Sebaceous glands secrete ... of the upper gastrointestinal tract d. Gut peristalsis serves to prevent microbial adherence and invasion
Last Answer : Answer: b, c, d The skin, mucus membranes, and epithelial layers of various organs of the body constitute effective physical barriers against microbial invasion. In certain portions of the ... very low pH within the stomach and gut peristalsis both serve to prevent microbial adherence and invasion
Description : In male sex organs _______ system is responsible for erection. (a) Sympathetic (b) Parasympathetic (c) Norepinephrine (d) None of the above
Description : When viewing an object near to your eyes the following are required for proper image formation of the retina ? (A) Contraction of the ciliary muscles
Last Answer : When viewing an object near to your eyes the following are required for proper image formation of the retina ? (A) ... and D C. B and D D. A and B