The two visions were : (i) Some intellectuals felt that Vietnamese traditions had to be strengthened to resist the domination of the West. Phan Boi Chau, a nationalist, supported monarchy and his first objective was to throw out the foreign enemy and restore the nation’s independence. (ii) Other nationalists like Phan Chu Trinh wanted to overthrow monarchy in order to create a basis for the promotion of popular rights. He did not want a democratic republic. He did not want wholesale rejection of Western civilisation and was influenced by Western ideals of liberty. He wanted the French to develop agriculture and industries besides setting up legal and educational institutions.