The physiographic factors that influenced the distribution pattern of Indian Railways: 1. Northern Plains were the most favourable because of its level land, agricultural prowess, and high population density. But constructing bridges over the huge river network was a problem. 2. In the peninsular region, railway tracks were made on low hills or through gaps and tunnels because it was a hilly region. 3. Unfavourable places for railways tracks include sandy plains of Himalayas, Rajasthan, Gujarat swamps and forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Jharkhand.