(i) Handwritten manuscripts : India had a very rich and old tradition of handwritten manuscripts in Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian, as well as in various vernacular languages. Manuscripts were copied on palm leaves or on handmade paper. (ii) Print came to India : The printing press first came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries in the mid 16th century. (iii) James Hicky and print : From 1780, James Augustus Hicky began to edit the Bengal Gazette, a weekly magazine. (iv) Print in the 18th century : By the close of the 18th century, a number of newspapers and journals appeared in print. The first Indian weekly i.e. Bengal Gazette also came into picture in the late 18th century (v) Print in the 19th century : By the end of the 19th century, a visual culture started taking place. By 1870’s caricatures and cartoons were being published in journals and newspapers.