I heard of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy relating to pregnancy, but what is it and how it is caused?

I heard of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy relating to pregnancy, but what is it and how it is caused?
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hy·pox·i·a (hī-pŏk’sē-ə, hĭ-) n. Deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching body tissues. hy·pox’ic adj. is⋅che⋅mi⋅a   /ɪˈskimiə/ –noun Pathology. local deficiency of blood supply produced by vasoconstriction or local obstacles to the arterial flow. en⋅ceph⋅a⋅lop⋅a⋅thy   /ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɒpəθi/ –noun Psychiatry. any brain disease. So…: not getting enough oxygen to the brain due to a restriction in blood flow. The question would be what causes the restriction in blood flow? Traumatic injury? Arterial clogging (plaque, cholesterol, etc.)?
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