Often it may be necessary to add a substance to a vaccine to
improve its ability to stimulate the immune system called a/an ____.
a. adjuvant
b. conjugant
c. toxoid
d. formulant

1 Answer

Answer :

a. adjuvant

Related questions

Description : Which of the following is a conjugate vaccine with tetanus or diphtheria toxoid? a. Salk polio b. Sabin polio c. influenza d. Hib

Last Answer : d. Hib

Description : A/an _____ vaccine contains inactivated toxins. a. toxigenic b. toxoid c. antitoxin d. immunotoxic

Last Answer : b. toxoid

Description : DTaP is a toxoid vaccine that prevents ______. a. Diptheria b. Pneumonia c. Polio d. Diarrhea

Last Answer : a. Diptheria

Description : Cancer cells interfere with cell functions in all the following ways except: a. they rob cells of their nutrients and induce cell starvation. b. they stimulate the immune system to produce destructive ... reduce the oxygen supply to cells. d. they overwhelm cells through sheer force of numbers.

Last Answer : b. they stimulate the immune system to produce destructive interferons.

Description : Why should you get a new influenza vaccine every year? a. it wears off fast b. the viruses change rapidly c. you need a booster to keep the immune level up d. none of the above are correct

Last Answer : b. the viruses change rapidly

Description : The newest and safest vaccines under development are _____. a. attenuated vaccines b. toxoid vaccines c. DNA vaccines d. conjugated vaccines

Last Answer : c. DNA vaccines

Description : ____ becomes activated to eliminate "nonself" cells, such as virus- infected cells or cancer cells. a. Humoral immune response b. Cell-mediated immune response c. Complement d. Inflammation

Last Answer : b. Cell-mediated immune response

Description : Passive artificial immunity occurs in the body when a/an _____ is injected into the body or when a developing fetus receives antibodies across the placenta. a. antibody-rich serum b. antigens c. haptens d. adjuvant

Last Answer : a. antibody-rich serum

Description : The neurohormonal arm of the stress response is well defined. Less is known about the inflammatory arm mediated primarily by cytokines. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true ... Cytokine release may stimulate the release of other cytokines leading to an important cascade of events

Last Answer : Answer: a, d Cytokines, which are produced at the site of injury by endothelial cells and by diverse immune cells throughout the body, also occupy a pivotal position in the stress response ... act as hormones and spill over into the systemic circulation and become detectable in the bloodstream

Description : The substance which is used in Ayurveda to stimulate and improve appetite is

Last Answer : alcohol.

Description : During the course of a cellular hypersensitivity a. Antibodies react with antigens in tissues. b. Serotonin and histamine are released by cells. c. Immune complexes form on blood vessel surfaces. d. A skin thickening called an induration may form.

Last Answer : b. Serotonin and histamine are released by cells.

Description : The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the ... various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism

Last Answer : Answer: a, b Stimulation of the immune system occurs after a variety of antigen-presenting cells (B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells) act to engulf ... polysaccharides), most antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system

Description : What type of immune cell may control IgE-mediated hypersensitivities? a. Suppressor T cells b. Plasma cells c. Cytotoxic T cells d. Neutrophils

Last Answer : a. Suppressor T cells

Description : When the Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred, technologists "fertilized" the oil-soaked water with _____ to modify the environment and stimulate he growth of naturally occurring microorganisms. a. nitrogen sources (e.g., urea) b. phosphorus compounds c. other mineral nutrients d. A-C above are correct

Last Answer : d. A-C above are correct

Description : An essential element of all allergy reactions is the a. Release of interferons from tissue cells. b. Accumulation of ige on the surfaces of mast cells and basophils. c. Passage of igg from the immune system to local tissue cells. d. Elimination of all traces of plasma cells from the body.

Last Answer : b. Accumulation of ige on the surfaces of mast cells and basophils.

Description : : DiGeorge syndrome and X-linked (Bruton) agammaglobulinemia differ in the a. Type of antibody produced by the immune system. b. Lymphocytes that the body fails to produce. c. Systems affected by the respective diseases. d. Type of hypersensitivity that ensues

Last Answer : c. Systems affected by the respective diseases.

Description : Herd immunity is affected by a. The percentage of a population that is vaccinated. b. The strength of an individual‘s immune system. c. The number of susceptible individuals. d. All the above (a—c) are correct.

Last Answer : d. All the above (a—c) are correct. 5. Approximately of 100,000 vaccinated in

Description : In the body's immune system, _____ are the major producers of secreted antibodies. a. macrophages b. plasma cells c. T cells d. B cells

Last Answer : b. plasma cells

Description : The immune system originates with a primordial cell of the fetus known as the _____ stem cell. a. T b. dendritic c. monocyte d. hematopoietic 18: Which one of the f

Last Answer : d. hematopoietic

Description : _____ is the scientific study of how the immune system functions in the body to prevent or destroy foreign material, including pathogen a. Epidemiology b. Microbiology c. Immunology d. Toxicology

Last Answer : c. Immunology

Description : ______ follow streptococcal diseases and appear to be consequences of immune complex formation in the kidneys or heart. a. Scarlet fever b. Yellow fever c. Rheumatic fever d. Necrotizing fasciatis

Last Answer : c. Rheumatic fever

Description : : _____ is an exaggerated or inappropriate immune defense that is causing the problems in an affected individual. a. Hypersensitivity b. Autoimmune disease c. AIDS d. HIV

Last Answer : a. Hypersensitivity

Description : The transfusion reaction that arises from the mixing of incompatible blood types illustrates a/an a. Form of lupus erythematous. b. Type i hypersensitivity. c. Immune complex reaction. d. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity.

Last Answer : d. Cytotoxic hypersensitivity.

Description : What immunodeficiency disorder is associated with a tack of T and B cells and complete immune dysfunction? a. DiGeorge syndrome b. Severe combined immunodeficiency disease c. Chronic granulomatous disease d. Chédiak-Higashi syndrome

Last Answer : b. Severe combined immunodeficiency disease

Description : Serum sickness is a common symptom of a. Contact dermatitis. b. Hemolytic disease of the newborn. c. Immune complex hypersensitivity d. Food allergies.

Last Answer : c. Immune complex hypersensitivity

Description : Hyperimmune serum is serum with a higher than normal level of _____. a. antigens b. antibodies c. toxins d. immune cells

Last Answer : b. antibodies

Description : Immune complex formation and serum sickness are dangers of a. Artificially acquired passive immunity. b. Naturally acquired active immunity. c. Artificially acquired active immunity. d. Naturally acquired passive immunity.

Last Answer : a. Artificially acquired passive immunity.

Description : What type of immune defensive cell is found in the sublayers of the epidermis? a. Keratinocyte b. Dendritic (Langerhans) cell c. Neutrophil d. Basophil

Last Answer : b. Dendritic (Langerhans) cell

Description : Factors affecting virulence may include a. The presence of pathogenicity islands. b. Their ability to penetrate the host. c. The infectious dose. d. All the above (a—c) are correct.

Last Answer : d. All the above (a—c) are correct.

Description : A 15-year-old girl was seen by her family physician because of increasing lethargy. She had a recent history of the "flu". Biochemistry tests show that she has renal impairement. ... will likely develop a restrictive lung disease 5) She will probably improve with additional corticosteroid therapy

Last Answer : Answers-2 The findings point to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which leads to chronic renal failure in half of cases. The lack of resolution with corticosteroid therapy and the progression to chronic renal failure is what sets FSGS apart from minimal change disease.

Description : How dos the vaccine make someone immune to mumps?

Last Answer : The small does introduces the body to the disease, (smallamounts) so the body then can produce antibodies, so that when thebody is exposed to it, it can fight it off.

Description : What is the advantage of the attenuated viruses in a vaccine?

Last Answer : Attenuated viruses can be taken orally because they will survive passage into the gastrointestinal tract and will be absorbed into the blood stream. The method of administration is therefore easier than by ... this reason they may be advantageous when an epidemic is taking place or is anticipated. 

Description : What is the advantage of a recombinant subunit vaccine? a. it can't cause disease b. adverse reactions are rare because only the important subunits of the antigen are included c. the vaccine is not made from blood fragments d. A-C are correct

Last Answer : d. A-C are correct

Description : An attenuated vaccine is one that a. Can provide life-long immunity. b. Contains live microbes or viruses. c. Is closest to the natural pathogens. d. All the above (a-c) are correct.

Last Answer : d. All the above (a-c) are correct.

Description : An attenuated vaccine contains a. Inactive toxins. b. Living, but slow growing (replicating) antigens. c. Killed bacteria. d. Noninfective antigen subunits.

Last Answer : b. Living, but slow growing (replicating) antigens.

Description : Which of the following can be prevented by a vaccine? a. hepatitis A b. hepatitis B c. hepatitis C d. herpes simplex I

Last Answer : c. hepatitis C

Description : Which investigator developed a polio vaccine containing inactivated viruses? a. Enders b. Sabin c. Jenner d. Salk

Last Answer : b. Sabin

Description : Which of the following viruses has a vaccine to prevent it? a. HPV b. HIV c. fifths disease d. herpes simplex I

Last Answer : a. HPV

Description : Rivers' postulates can be used to a. locate an oncogene in a cell that is cancerous. b. develop inactivated viruses for use in a vaccine. c. eliminate viruses with certain chemical agents. d. relate a particular virus to a particular disease.

Last Answer : d. relate a particular virus to a particular disease.

Description : Cases of Rheumatic heart disease have decreased in recent years because of _________. a. Use of Antibiotics for Strep. Throat b. A New Vaccine for Strep. Throat. c. The Vaccine for Pertussis. d. Better Hygiene.

Last Answer : a. Use of Antibiotics for Strep. Throat

Description : When is a HEPA filter used? a. To Filter Bacteria Out Of A Vaccine b. To Trap Particles In The Air c. To Protect Burn Victims d. To Separate Bacteria And Viruses

Last Answer : b. To Trap Particles In The Air

Description : Mumps vaccine is prepared from the cultures of A.chick fibroblasts B.African green monkey cells C.healthy calves D.sheep

Last Answer : A.chick fibroblasts

Description : Which of the following scientists came up with the first vaccine for rabies? a. Koch b. Pasteur c. Lister d. Snow

Last Answer : b. Pasteur

Description : What is a toxoid ?

Last Answer : Inactivating the toxin with formaldehyde is toxoid.

Description : Coronavirus is said to survive those who are more resistant to the disease . How do I know if my immune system is high or low ? What other foods will increase this ability ? Want to know if it will grow faster or slower ?

Last Answer : The best way to understand a person's immune system is to find out how sick they are. On the one hand, the less and the more days you get sick , on the other hand, the faster ... triples the amount of hemoglobin in the blood . Drinking tea or coffee immediately reduces the amount of hemoglobin.

Description : Point out the wrong statement. A. Discussions are often indexed by the major search engines B. Few social networking sites have the ability to create blogs C. A widget is a small utility that you can add to your page D. All of the above

Last Answer : Few social networking sites have the ability to create blogs

Description : I am sick, and have been eating a bunch of junk food, any ways to improve my immune system?

Last Answer : load up on vitamin C. drink lots of water, eat some fruit and veggies and stop eating junk food.

Description : The ability to maintain a relatively stable internal state is called _____. a. Homeostasis b. Metabolism c. Equilibrium d. Balancing

Last Answer : a. Homeostasis

Description : The ability of a pathogen to penetrate tissues, cause damage and spread is _____. a. Pathogenicity b. Invasion c. Adhesiveness d. Infectiousness

Last Answer : b. Invasion

Description : Retroviruses are so-named because their reverse transcriptase _____. a. reverses the flow of genetic information by stimulating information to proceed from RNA to DNA. b. reverses the normal ... the action of drugs on viruses and allows them to continue multiplying in living cells.

Last Answer : a. reverses the flow of genetic information by stimulating information to proceed from RNA to DNA.