Should raking piles of a bridge abutment be placed under an embankment?

Should raking piles of a bridge abutment be placed under an embankment?
by

1 Answer

Answer :

For a bridge abutment to be supported on raking piles with different orientations, the movement between the ground and the pile group is difficult to predict. For instance, if some of the raking piles of the bridge abutment are extended beneath an embankment, then the   settlement   of   embankment   behind   the   abutment   may   cause   the   raking   piles   to experience severe bending moment and damage the piles as recommended by Dr. Edmund C Hambly (1979).
by

Related questions

In a curved prestressed bridge, how should the guided bearings in piers of the curved region be oriented with respect to the fixed bearing in abutment?

Description : In a curved prestressed bridge, how should the guided bearings in piers of the curved region be oriented with respect to the fixed bearing in abutment?

Last Answer : To determine the orientation of guided bearings, one should understand the movement of curved region of a prestressed bridge. Movement of prestress and creep are tangential to the curvature of the ... large, temporary freedom of movement at the guided bearings has to be provided during construction.

What are the advantages of assigning the central pier and the abutment as fixed piers?

Description : What are the advantages of assigning the central pier and the abutment as fixed piers?

Last Answer : (i) For abutment pier to be assigned as fixed pier while the bridge is quite long, the longitudinal loads due to earthquake are quite large. As the earthquake loads are resisted by fixed piers, the size of ... Therefore, the size of movement joints can be reduced significantly.

What is sucker deck principle for variable depth bridge decks?

Description : What is sucker deck principle for variable depth bridge decks?

Last Answer : For a variable depth bridge deck, the depth of continuous multi­span bridge deck is increased in pier supports and this absorbs sagging moments in the ... of arches and curved soffit rather than boring uniform deck alignment. Reference is made to Brian Pritchard (1992).

In joints of precast concrete bridge segments, what are the functions of applying epoxy adhesive?

Description : In joints of precast concrete bridge segments, what are the functions of applying epoxy adhesive?

Last Answer : Epoxy adhesive is applied in these joints for the following purposes according to International Road Federation (1977): (i) It seals up the joints completely between precast concrete segments to protect the ... in transferring of shear between the joints in case a large single shear key is used.

In the design of a simply supported skew bridge, which direction of reinforcement should be provided?

Description : In the design of a simply supported skew bridge, which direction of reinforcement should be provided?

Last Answer : In the conventional design of steel reinforcement for a simply supported skew bridge, a set of reinforcement is usually placed parallel to free edge while the other set is designed parallel ... ). In this way, considerable savings would be obtained from the orthogonal arrangement of reinforcement.

In the construction of a two­span bridge (span length = L) by using span­by­span construction, why is a length of about 1.25L bridge segment is constructed in the first phase of construction?

Description : In the construction of a two­span bridge (span length = L) by using span­by­span construction, why is a length of about 1.25L bridge segment is constructed in the first phase of construction?

Last Answer : Basically, there are mainly three reasons for this arrangement: (i) The permanent structure is a statically indeterminate structure. During construction by using span­by­span construction, if the ... 25L from the first pier where there is relatively more space to accommodate prestressing works.

In bridge widening projects, the method of stitching is normally employed for connecting existing deck to the new deck. What are the problems associated with this method in terms of shrinkage of concrete?

Description : In bridge widening projects, the method of stitching is normally employed for connecting existing deck to the new deck. What are the problems associated with this method in terms of shrinkage of concrete?

Last Answer : In the method of stitching, it is a normal practice to construct the widening part of the bridge at first and let it stay undisturbed for several months. After that, concreting will then be ... Stitching refers to formation of a segment of bridge deck between an existing bridge and a new bridge.

In incremental launching method of bridge construction, what are the measures adopted to enhance sufficient resistance of the superstructure during the launching process?

Description : In incremental launching method of bridge construction, what are the measures adopted to enhance sufficient resistance of the superstructure during the launching process?

Last Answer : i) During the launching process the leading edge of the superstructure is subject to a large hogging moment. In this connection, steel launching nose typically about 0.6­0.65 times span length is ... . iii)For very long span bridge, temporary piers are provided to limit the cantilever moment.

What is “preset” during installation of bridge bearings?

Description : What is “preset” during installation of bridge bearings?

Last Answer : Preset is a method to reduce the size of upper plates of sliding bearings in order to save the material cost. The normal length of a upper bearing plate should be composed of the ... of a certain distance of sliding bearings with respect to upper bearing plates during installation of bearings.

Under what situation should engineers use pot bearings instead of elastomeric bearings?

Description : Under what situation should engineers use pot bearings instead of elastomeric bearings?

Last Answer : In the event of high vertical loads combined with large angle of rotations, rubber bearings are undesirable when compared with pot bearings. For instance, elastomeric ... bearings are better alternatives than elastomeric bearings in such an scenario as suggested by David J. Lee.

Under what situation shall engineers use jacking at one end only and from both ends in prestressing work?

Description : Under what situation shall engineers use jacking at one end only and from both ends in prestressing work?

Last Answer : During prestressing operation at one end, frictional losses will occur and the prestressing force decreases along the length of tendon until reaching the other end. These frictional losses include the ... if the total span length is sufficiently long, jacking from both ends should be considered.

The additional piles which are driven to increase the capacity of supporting loads on vertical piles, are known (A) Construction piles (B) Raking piles (C) Eccentric piles (D) Sinking piles

Description : The additional piles which are driven to increase the capacity of supporting loads on vertical piles, are known (A) Construction piles (B) Raking piles (C) Eccentric piles (D) Sinking piles

Last Answer : Answer: Option B

How do engineer determine the number of cells for concrete box girder bridges?

Description : How do engineer determine the number of cells for concrete box girder bridges?

Last Answer : If the depth of a box girder bridge exceeds 1/6 or 1/5 of the bridge width, then it is recommended to be designed as a single cell box girder bridge. However, if the bridge depth is ... improvement in transverse load distribution when the number of cells of box girder is increased to three or more.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is commonly used in sliding bearings. Why?

Description : Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is commonly used in sliding bearings. Why?

Last Answer : The choice of sliding surface of bearings is of vital importance because the sliding surfaces generate frictional forces which are exerted on the bearings and substructure of the bridge. For ... be designed with dimples to avoid the lubricant from squeezing out under repeated translation movements.

What are the shortcomings of grillage analysis which is commonly used in structural analysis of bridges?

Description : What are the shortcomings of grillage analysis which is commonly used in structural analysis of bridges?

Last Answer : Grillage analysis suffers from the following shortcomings based on E. C. Hambly: (i) For coarse mesh, torques may not be identical in orthogonal directions. Similarly, twists may differ in ... moment in an element depends on the curvatures in the beam's direction and its orthogonal direction.

What are the functions of grout inside tendon ducts?

Description : What are the functions of grout inside tendon ducts?

Last Answer : Grout in prestressing works serves the following purposes: (i) Protect the tendon against corrosion. (ii) Improve the ultimate capacity of tendon. (iii) Provide a bond between the structural member and the tendon. (iv) In case of failure, the anchorage is not subject to all strain energy.

Why is the span length ratio of end span/approach span to its neighboring inner spans usually about 0.75?

Description : Why is the span length ratio of end span/approach span to its neighboring inner spans usually about 0.75?

Last Answer : From aesthetic point of view, an odd number of spans with a decrease in length in the direction of abutment is desirable. Moreover, spans of equal length are found to be boring. However, the ... the last span in a continuous bridge while approach span refers top the first span of a bridge.

What are the three major types of reinforcement used in prestressing?

Description : What are the three major types of reinforcement used in prestressing?

Last Answer : i) Spalling reinforcement Spalling stresses are established behind the loaded area of anchor blocks and this causes breaking away of surface concrete. These stresses are induced by strain incompatibility with ... of action of the load. Reinforcement is needed to resist these lateral tensile forces.

What is the advantage of sliding bearings over roller bearings?

Description : What is the advantage of sliding bearings over roller bearings?

Last Answer : In roller bearing for a given movement the roller bearing exhibit a change in pressure centre from its original position by one­half of its movement based on David J. Lee. However, with sliding ... built in the substructure. It follows that there is no change in pressure center after the movement.

Are diaphragms necessary in the design of concrete box girder bridges?

Description : Are diaphragms necessary in the design of concrete box girder bridges?

Last Answer : Diaphragms are adopted in concrete box girder bridges to transfer loads from bridge decks to bearings. Since the depth of diaphragms normally exceeds the width by two times, they are usually designed ... In fact, diaphragms also contribute to the provision of torsional restraint to the bridge deck.

How to determine the size of elastomeric bearings?

Description : How to determine the size of elastomeric bearings?

Last Answer : For elastomeric bearing, the vertical load is resisted by its compression while shear resistance of the bearing controls the horizontal movements. The design ... and fatigue damage. The vertical stiffness of bearings is obtained by inserting sufficient number of steel plates.

In the design of elastomeric bearings, why are steel plates inserted inside the bearings?

Description : In the design of elastomeric bearings, why are steel plates inserted inside the bearings?

Last Answer : For elastomeric bearing to function as a soft spring, the bearing should be allowed for bulging laterally and the compression stiffness can be increased by limiting the amount of lateral bulging. To ... , the presence of metal plates does not affect the shear stiffness of the elastomeric bearings.

In prestressing work, if more than one wire or strand is included in the same duct, why should all wires/strands be stressed at the same time?

Description : In prestressing work, if more than one wire or strand is included in the same duct, why should all wires/strands be stressed at the same time?

Last Answer : If wires/strands are stressed individually inside the same duct, then those stressed strand/wires will bear against those unstressed ones and trap them. Therefore, the friction of the trapped wires is high and is undesirable.

Sometimes the side of concrete bridges is observed to turn black in colour. What is the reason for this phenomenon?

Description : Sometimes the side of concrete bridges is observed to turn black in colour. What is the reason for this phenomenon?

Last Answer : In some cases, it may be due to the accumulation of dust and dirt. However, for the majority of such phenomenon, it is due to fungus or algae growth on concrete bridges. After rainfall, the ... help to solve this problem. Reference is made to Sandberg Consulting Engineers Report 18380/X/01.

If you've ever had to rake leaves in the Fall, as an adult, did you ever just stop raking and jump into the leaf piles and think to yourself 'heck with it'?

Description : If you've ever had to rake leaves in the Fall, as an adult, did you ever just stop raking and jump into the leaf piles and think to yourself 'heck with it'?

Last Answer : Not really. We don’t have many trees in our yard, and my husband has a leaf blower. I’m allergic to leaves, as well as mold, so jumping in would probably make me itchy or sneezy.

A temporary rigid structure having platforms to enable masons to work at different stages of a building, is known as (A) Scaffolding (B) Dead shore (C) Raking shore (D) Under pinning

Description : A temporary rigid structure having platforms to enable masons to work at different stages of a building, is known as (A) Scaffolding (B) Dead shore (C) Raking shore (D) Under pinning

Last Answer : Answer: Option A

The embankment width in approach of the bridge shall be a) 5870 mm b) 6525 mm c) 6850 mm* d) 6000 mm

Description : The embankment width in approach of the bridge shall be a) 5870 mm b) 6525 mm c) 6850 mm* d) 6000 mm

Last Answer : c) 6850 mm*

What is Ante’s Law about, A. The relation between the span of the bridge and the pontics B. The periodontal area of the abutment teeth C. The relation between the length of the root and the abutment.

Description : What is Ante’s Law about, A. The relation between the span of the bridge and the pontics B. The periodontal area of the abutment teeth C. The relation between the length of the root and the abutment.

Last Answer : B. The periodontal area of the abutment teeth

Patient with class II division II; the lateral incisor is missing. You want to make a fixed bridge which of the following is suitable: A. Rocket bridge using central incisor as abutment (rochette bridge resin retained bridge parecido al Maryland B. Cantilever using central incisor C. Fixed bridge using the central incisor and bicuspid

Description : Patient with class II division II; the lateral incisor is missing. You want to make a fixed bridge which of the following is suitable: A. Rocket bridge using central incisor as abutment ( ... al Maryland B. Cantilever using central incisor C. Fixed bridge using the central incisor and bicuspid

Last Answer : B. Cantilever using central incisor

In case of LWR track, full ballast section as specified in LWR Manual should be provided up to ……….. from the bridge abutment. a) 200 m b) 50 m c) 300 m d) 100 m*

Description : In case of LWR track, full ballast section as specified in LWR Manual should be provided up to ……….. from the bridge abutment. a) 200 m b) 50 m c) 300 m d) 100 m*

Last Answer : d) 100 m

Rail joints should be avoided within ……………of a bridge abutment. a) 6 m b) 3 m* c) 4 m d) 10 m

Description : Rail joints should be avoided within ……………of a bridge abutment. a) 6 m b) 3 m* c) 4 m d) 10 m

Last Answer : b) 3 m*

Super structure of a bridge includes a) Girder/Slab* b) Abutment c) Piers d) Bed block

Description : Super structure of a bridge includes a) Girder/Slab* b) Abutment c) Piers d) Bed block

Last Answer : a) Girder/Slab*

Sub structure of a bridge does not include a) Abutment b) Girder/Slab* c) Piers d) Wing and Return walls

Description : Sub structure of a bridge does not include a) Abutment b) Girder/Slab* c) Piers d) Wing and Return walls

Last Answer : b) Girder/Slab*

In a single span bridge, the clear span is the distance between a) Centres of Abutments b) Inner faces of Abutments* c) Outer faces of Abutments d) Width of Abutment

Description : In a single span bridge, the clear span is the distance between a) Centres of Abutments b) Inner faces of Abutments* c) Outer faces of Abutments d) Width of Abutment

Last Answer : b) Inner faces of Abutments*

Angle of crossing of a bridge is the angle between a) C.L. of water course/road to C.L. of track* b) C.L. of water course to C.L. of pier c) C.L. of water course to normal (perpendicular) of C.L. of track d) C.L. of abutment to C.L. of pier

Description : Angle of crossing of a bridge is the angle between a) C.L. of water course/road to C.L. of track* b) C.L. of water course to C.L. of pier c) C.L. of water course to normal (perpendicular) of C.L. of track d) C.L. of abutment to C.L. of pier

Last Answer : a) C.L. of water course/road to C.L. of track*

Skew of a bridge is the angle between a) C.L. of water course to C.L. of track b) C.L. of water course to C.L. of pier c) C.L. of water course/road to normal (perpendicular) of C.L. of track* d) C.L. of abutment to C.L. of pier

Description : Skew of a bridge is the angle between a) C.L. of water course to C.L. of track b) C.L. of water course to C.L. of pier c) C.L. of water course/road to normal (perpendicular) of C.L. of track* d) C.L. of abutment to C.L. of pier

Last Answer : c) C.L. of water course/road to normal (perpendicular) of C.L. of track*

How many piles are there in Bangabandhu Bridge ?

Description : How many piles are there in Bangabandhu Bridge ?

Last Answer : There are 121 piles in Bangabandhu Bridge.

Under-reamed piles are generally (A) Driven piles (B) Bored piles (C) Precast piles (D) All the above

Description : Under-reamed piles are generally (A) Driven piles (B) Bored piles (C) Precast piles (D) All the above

Last Answer : (B) Bored piles

Under reamed piles are generally used for (A) Machine foundations (B) Factory building (C) Tall structures (D) All the abo

Description : Under reamed piles are generally used for (A) Machine foundations (B) Factory building (C) Tall structures (D) All the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Pick up the correct statement from the following: (A) The sand in the sand pile is well compacted (B) The sand is kept moist at the time of placing and tamping (C) Sand piles are generally used under column loads (D) All of the above

Description : Pick up the correct statement from the following: (A) The sand in the sand pile is well compacted (B) The sand is kept moist at the time of placing and tamping (C) Sand piles are generally used under column loads (D) All of the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

The minimum distance between the centres of bulb of diameter du, of a multi under reamed piles, is (A) du (B) 1.25 du (C) 1.5 du (D) 1.75 d

Description : The minimum distance between the centres of bulb of diameter du, of a multi under reamed piles, is (A) du (B) 1.25 du (C) 1.5 du (D) 1.75 du

Last Answer : Answer: Option C

Do a lot of tires on a car destroy by raking?

Description : Fast starts and wheel raking destroy tires?

Last Answer : Not just tires. The car gets quite a "mess" overall. Clutch, constant velocity joints, wheel hinges.

(Visual) Its English name has nothing to do with energy or raking in the moolah. This cereal reminded some ancestral Dutch genius of beech-nuts and hence the name. In some European countries, the name used comes from the dark colour of the grain. Some other European languages use the term made popular for Arabs after the crusades—it is possible that returning crusaders brought the grain back with them. What cereal?

Description : (Visual) Its English name has nothing to do with energy or raking in the moolah. This cereal reminded some ancestral Dutch genius of beech-nuts and hence the name. In some European countries ... the crusades-it is possible that returning crusaders brought the grain back with them. What cereal?

Last Answer : Buckwheat

Deviation of the actual road gradient from the proposed contour gradient uphill side, involves (A) Embankment on the centre line (B) Excavation on the centre line (C) Earth work on the centre line (D) None of these

Description : Deviation of the actual road gradient from the proposed contour gradient uphill side, involves  (A) Embankment on the centre line  (B) Excavation on the centre line  (C) Earth work on the centre line  (D) None of these

Last Answer : (B) Excavation on the centre line 

Pick up the correct statement from the following: (A) If the slope of the curve of a mass diagram in the direction of increasing abscissa is downward, it indicates an embankment (B) The vertical distance between a maximum ordinate and the next forward maximum ordinate represents the whole volume of the embankment (C) The vertical distance between a minimum ordinate and the next forward maximum ordinate represents the whole volume of a cutting (D) All the above

Description : Pick up the correct statement from the following: (A) If the slope of the curve of a mass diagram in the direction of increasing abscissa is downward, it indicates an embankment (B) The ... and the next forward maximum ordinate represents the whole volume of a cutting (D) All the above

Last Answer : (D) All the above

The most suitable material for the central impervious core of a zoned embankment type dam is (A) Clay (B) Coarse sand (C) Silty clay (D) Clay mixed with fine sand

Description : The most suitable material for the central impervious core of a zoned embankment type dam is (A) Clay (B) Coarse sand (C) Silty clay (D) Clay mixed with fine sand

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

The width formation of a road means the width of (A) Carriageway (B) Pavement and shoulders (C) Embankment at ground level (D) Embankment at the top level

Description : The width formation of a road means the width of (A) Carriageway (B) Pavement and shoulders (C) Embankment at ground level (D) Embankment at the top level

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

The ground surface slopes 1 in 50 along a proposed railway embankment 150 m in length. The height of the embankment at zero chainage is 0.5 m, the width is 11 m and side slopes 2:1. If the falling gradient of the embankment is 1 in 150, the quantity of the earthwork calculated by Prismoidal formula, is (A) 3250 m3 (B) 3225 m3 (C) 3275 m3 (D) 3300 m3

Description : The ground surface slopes 1 in 50 along a proposed railway embankment 150 m in length. The height of the embankment at zero chainage is 0.5 m, the width is 11 m and side slopes 2:1. If the falling gradient ... calculated by Prismoidal formula, is (A) 3250 m3 (B) 3225 m3 (C) 3275 m3 (D) 3300 m3

Last Answer : (B) 3225 m3

If B is the width of formation, d is the height of the embankment, side slope S : 1, for a highway with no transverse slope, the area of cross-section is (A) B + d + Sd (B) Bd + Sd2 (C) B × d - Sd1/2 (D) ½ (Bd + Sd2

Description : If B is the width of formation, d is the height of the embankment, side slope S : 1, for a highway with no transverse slope, the area of cross-section is (A) B + d + Sd (B) Bd + Sd2 (C) B × d - Sd1/2 (D) ½ (Bd + Sd2

Last Answer : (B) Bd + Sd2

The cross-sectional area of the embankment of a canal fully in embankment in the given figure is (A) ½ ( + ) h (B) ( + ) h + sb² (C) ( + ) + 2sh² (D) 2 [( + ) (b + sh²)]

Description : The cross-sectional area of the embankment of a canal fully in embankment in the given figure is (A) ½ ( + ) h (B) ( + ) h + sb² (C) ( + ) + 2sh² (D) 2 [( + ) (b + sh²)]

Last Answer : (C) ( + ) + 2sh²