In joints of precast concrete bridge segments, what are the functions of applying epoxy adhesive?

1 Answer

Answer :

Epoxy adhesive is applied in these joints for the following purposes according to
International Road Federation (1977):
(i) It seals up the joints completely between precast concrete segments to protect the prestressing tendons;
(ii) By filling voids and irregularities along the segment joints, it helps to reduce stress concentrations otherwise it will be developed; and
(iii) It helps in transferring of shear between the joints in case a large single shear key is used.

Related questions

Description : In bridge widening projects, the method of stitching is normally employed for connecting existing deck to the new deck. What are the problems associated with this method in terms of shrinkage of concrete?

Last Answer : In the method of stitching, it is a normal practice to construct the widening part of the bridge at first and let it stay undisturbed for several months. After that, concreting will then be ... Stitching refers to formation of a segment of bridge deck between an existing bridge and a new bridge.

Description : What is sucker deck principle for variable depth bridge decks?

Last Answer : For a variable depth bridge deck, the depth of continuous multi­span bridge deck is increased in pier supports and this absorbs sagging moments in the ... of arches and curved soffit rather than boring uniform deck alignment. Reference is made to Brian Pritchard (1992).

Description : Should raking piles of a bridge abutment be placed under an embankment?

Last Answer : For a bridge abutment to be supported on raking piles with different orientations, the movement between the ground and the pile group is difficult to predict. For instance, if some of the raking ... experience severe bending moment and damage the piles as recommended by Dr. Edmund C Hambly (1979).

Description : In the design of a simply supported skew bridge, which direction of reinforcement should be provided?

Last Answer : In the conventional design of steel reinforcement for a simply supported skew bridge, a set of reinforcement is usually placed parallel to free edge while the other set is designed parallel ... ). In this way, considerable savings would be obtained from the orthogonal arrangement of reinforcement.

Description : In the construction of a two­span bridge (span length = L) by using span­by­span construction, why is a length of about 1.25L bridge segment is constructed in the first phase of construction?

Last Answer : Basically, there are mainly three reasons for this arrangement: (i) The permanent structure is a statically indeterminate structure. During construction by using span­by­span construction, if the ... 25L from the first pier where there is relatively more space to accommodate prestressing works.

Description : In a curved prestressed bridge, how should the guided bearings in piers of the curved region be oriented with respect to the fixed bearing in abutment?

Last Answer : To determine the orientation of guided bearings, one should understand the movement of curved region of a prestressed bridge. Movement of prestress and creep are tangential to the curvature of the ... large, temporary freedom of movement at the guided bearings has to be provided during construction.

Description : In incremental launching method of bridge construction, what are the measures adopted to enhance sufficient resistance of the superstructure during the launching process?

Last Answer : i) During the launching process the leading edge of the superstructure is subject to a large hogging moment. In this connection, steel launching nose typically about 0.6­0.65 times span length is ... . iii)For very long span bridge, temporary piers are provided to limit the cantilever moment.

Description : What is “preset” during installation of bridge bearings?

Last Answer : Preset is a method to reduce the size of upper plates of sliding bearings in order to save the material cost. The normal length of a upper bearing plate should be composed of the ... of a certain distance of sliding bearings with respect to upper bearing plates during installation of bearings.

Description : How do engineer determine the number of cells for concrete box girder bridges?

Last Answer : If the depth of a box girder bridge exceeds 1/6 or 1/5 of the bridge width, then it is recommended to be designed as a single cell box girder bridge. However, if the bridge depth is ... improvement in transverse load distribution when the number of cells of box girder is increased to three or more.

Description : Are diaphragms necessary in the design of concrete box girder bridges?

Last Answer : Diaphragms are adopted in concrete box girder bridges to transfer loads from bridge decks to bearings. Since the depth of diaphragms normally exceeds the width by two times, they are usually designed ... In fact, diaphragms also contribute to the provision of torsional restraint to the bridge deck.

Description : Sometimes the side of concrete bridges is observed to turn black in colour. What is the reason for this phenomenon?

Last Answer : In some cases, it may be due to the accumulation of dust and dirt. However, for the majority of such phenomenon, it is due to fungus or algae growth on concrete bridges. After rainfall, the ... help to solve this problem. Reference is made to Sandberg Consulting Engineers Report 18380/X/01.

Description : What are the functions of grout inside tendon ducts?

Last Answer : Grout in prestressing works serves the following purposes: (i) Protect the tendon against corrosion. (ii) Improve the ultimate capacity of tendon. (iii) Provide a bond between the structural member and the tendon. (iv) In case of failure, the anchorage is not subject to all strain energy.

Description : Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is commonly used in sliding bearings. Why?

Last Answer : The choice of sliding surface of bearings is of vital importance because the sliding surfaces generate frictional forces which are exerted on the bearings and substructure of the bridge. For ... be designed with dimples to avoid the lubricant from squeezing out under repeated translation movements.

Description : What are the shortcomings of grillage analysis which is commonly used in structural analysis of bridges?

Last Answer : Grillage analysis suffers from the following shortcomings based on E. C. Hambly: (i) For coarse mesh, torques may not be identical in orthogonal directions. Similarly, twists may differ in ... moment in an element depends on the curvatures in the beam's direction and its orthogonal direction.

Description : Under what situation should engineers use pot bearings instead of elastomeric bearings?

Last Answer : In the event of high vertical loads combined with large angle of rotations, rubber bearings are undesirable when compared with pot bearings. For instance, elastomeric ... bearings are better alternatives than elastomeric bearings in such an scenario as suggested by David J. Lee.

Description : Why is the span length ratio of end span/approach span to its neighboring inner spans usually about 0.75?

Last Answer : From aesthetic point of view, an odd number of spans with a decrease in length in the direction of abutment is desirable. Moreover, spans of equal length are found to be boring. However, the ... the last span in a continuous bridge while approach span refers top the first span of a bridge.

Description : What are the three major types of reinforcement used in prestressing?

Last Answer : i) Spalling reinforcement Spalling stresses are established behind the loaded area of anchor blocks and this causes breaking away of surface concrete. These stresses are induced by strain incompatibility with ... of action of the load. Reinforcement is needed to resist these lateral tensile forces.

Description : What is the advantage of sliding bearings over roller bearings?

Last Answer : In roller bearing for a given movement the roller bearing exhibit a change in pressure centre from its original position by one­half of its movement based on David J. Lee. However, with sliding ... built in the substructure. It follows that there is no change in pressure center after the movement.

Description : How to determine the size of elastomeric bearings?

Last Answer : For elastomeric bearing, the vertical load is resisted by its compression while shear resistance of the bearing controls the horizontal movements. The design ... and fatigue damage. The vertical stiffness of bearings is obtained by inserting sufficient number of steel plates.

Description : In the design of elastomeric bearings, why are steel plates inserted inside the bearings?

Last Answer : For elastomeric bearing to function as a soft spring, the bearing should be allowed for bulging laterally and the compression stiffness can be increased by limiting the amount of lateral bulging. To ... , the presence of metal plates does not affect the shear stiffness of the elastomeric bearings.

Description : In prestressing work, if more than one wire or strand is included in the same duct, why should all wires/strands be stressed at the same time?

Last Answer : If wires/strands are stressed individually inside the same duct, then those stressed strand/wires will bear against those unstressed ones and trap them. Therefore, the friction of the trapped wires is high and is undesirable.

Description : What are the advantages of assigning the central pier and the abutment as fixed piers?

Last Answer : (i) For abutment pier to be assigned as fixed pier while the bridge is quite long, the longitudinal loads due to earthquake are quite large. As the earthquake loads are resisted by fixed piers, the size of ... Therefore, the size of movement joints can be reduced significantly.

Description : Under what situation shall engineers use jacking at one end only and from both ends in prestressing work?

Last Answer : During prestressing operation at one end, frictional losses will occur and the prestressing force decreases along the length of tendon until reaching the other end. These frictional losses include the ... if the total span length is sufficiently long, jacking from both ends should be considered.

Description : The taper of precast concrete pile should not be more than (A) 1 cm per metre length (B) 2 cm per metre length (C) 4 cm per metre length (D) 5 cm per metre length

Last Answer : Answer: Option B

Description : Epoxy resin is a polymer containing two or more groups of the bellow fig. is called epoxide group or ethoxyline group. It is a (A) Polyamide & an elastomer (B) Good adhesive (C) Surface coating agent (D) Both (B) and (C)

Last Answer : (D) Both (B) and (C)

Description : Epoxy resin (A) Is a good adhesive (B) Is an elastomer (C) Cannot be used for surface coatings (D) Is a polyester

Last Answer : (A) Is a good adhesive

Description : Various Benefits of Precast Concrete Construction ?

Last Answer : Precast concrete is a concrete construction product that is made using molds under controlled process conditions. They are later on shipped to the construction sites for use. This technique ... of using these precast concrete products in various constructions. As compared to the concrete constructi

Description : State any four advantages and four disadvantages of precast concrete.

Last Answer : Advantages: 1. Very rapid speed of erection 2. Good quality control 3. Entire building can be precast-walls, floors, beams, etc. 4. Rapid construction on site 5. High quality because of ... is required in the application of the panel on site. 11. Cranes are required to lift panels.

Description : State any two names of materials used in precast concrete

Last Answer : 1. Cement 2. Sand 3. Steel 4. Water 5. Polystyrene 6. Fly ash. 7. Ground granulated blast furnace slag

Description : State any two uses of precast concrete blocks.

Last Answer : Uses of precast concrete block. 1. In parking areas, footpaths, on road to give pleasant look. 2. Fencing poles for fencing work. 3. It is used for loadbearing masonry, in earthquake zones. 4. Lightweight blocks for partition walls.

Description : When the steel bars are embedded in concrete. The concrete after setting, adheres to the surface of the bars and thus resist any force that tends to pull or push this road. The intensity of this adhesive force is called. (a) Bond stress (b) Shear stress (c) Compressive stress (d) All of these

Last Answer : (a) Bond stress

Description : When a company strives to appeal to multiple well defined market segments with a strategy tailored to each segment, it is applying a. undifferentiated marketing b. differentiated marketing c. concentrated marketing d. the majority fallacy

Last Answer : b. differentiated marketing

Description : Under-reamed piles are generally (A) Driven piles (B) Bored piles (C) Precast piles (D) All the above

Last Answer : (B) Bored piles

Description : When soldering a printed circuit board component, you should be careful to prevent damage by _________. A. quickly heating the joints, using a high wattage iron B. using the soldering iron tip sparingly C. using only acid cord solder D. applying mechanical pressure to the joints being soldered

Last Answer : Answer: B

Description : In moment distribution method the effect of applies moment on adjacent joints are a. neglected b. carried over c. multiplied by a factor before applying d. distributed over the span

Last Answer : b. carried over

Description : At a work site, statistical quality control of concrete means (A) Measurement of risks to eliminate failures (B) Applying the theory' of probability to sample testing or inspection (C) Reduction in wastage of inspection costs (D) Reduction in costs for the removal of defects

Last Answer : (B) Applying the theory' of probability to sample testing or inspection

Description : Tie bars in cement concrete pavements are at (A) Expansion joints (B) Contraction joints (C) Warping joints (D) Longitudinal joints

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Description : Joints in concrete structures, are provided (A) To reduce the tensile stresses likely to be developed due to evaporation of water (B) To minimise the change in the dimensions of the slab (C) To minimise the necessary cracking (D) All the above

Last Answer : (D) All the above

Description : Horizontal construction joints in concrete walls are generally provided at (A) Soffit level (B) Window sill level (C) Floor level (D) All the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Description : Expansion joints are provided if the length of concrete structures exceeds (A) 10 m (B) 15 m (C) 15 m (D) 45 m

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Description : Construction joints are generally provided in concrete (A) Roads (B) Retaining walls (C) Lining of canals (D) All the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Description : A _______regenerates a signal, connects segments of a LAN,and hasno filtering capability. A) repeater B) bridge C) router D) none of the above

Last Answer : repeater

Description : Describe any two design considerations for Precast Canal lining.

Last Answer : 1. Precast concrete slabs, laid properly on carefully prepared sub-grades and with the joints, effectively sealed, constitute a serviceable type of lining. The precast slabs are about 5 to ... . However, seepage losses are obviously more. Transportation of precast slabs may contribute to breakage. 

Description : State any four precast non-structural components that can be used for speedy construction.

Last Answer : 1. Architectural Precast 2. Insulated Architectural Cladding 3. Insulated Wall Panels 4. Column Covers 5. Precast Concrete Light Wall 6. Precast Concrete Spandrels 7. Precast Concrete Solid Walls 8. Stormwater Deflector 9. Façade 10. Concrete panels for partition walls 11. Concrete planks

Description : What are the properties of precast pavement blocks? 

Last Answer : Properties of precast pavement blocks: i) It should have good dimensional stability. ii) It should have non-skid surface. iii)It should have good compressive strength from 20 N/mm2 to 50 N/ ... have good transverse strength (3 N/mm2 and above) vi) It should have average abrasion about 3mm 

Description : What happened to a bridge that did not have expansion joints?

Last Answer : What is the answer ?

Description : The joints between link of a suspension bridge, which of the following joints used.. A. Cotter joint B. Knuckle joint C. Universal coupling D. Bolted joint

Last Answer : B. Knuckle joint

Description : Rail joints should be avoided within ……………of a bridge abutment. a) 6 m b) 3 m* c) 4 m d) 10 m

Last Answer : b) 3 m*

Description : A segment is any object described by GKS commands and data that start with CREATE SEGMENT and Terminates with CLOSE SEGMENT command. What functions can be performed on these segments? (1) Translation ... 2) Panning and Zooming (3) Scaling and Shearing (4) Translation, Rotation, Panning and Zooming

Last Answer : Translation, Rotation, Panning and Zooming

Description : whya. A loosely knitted sweater will keep you warmer than a tightly knitted one.b. Small gaps are left between the joints of concrete slabs on bridges.?

Last Answer : to allow expansion in summer