How is the nervous system of nematodes organized? Where are the neural chords located in their body?

1 Answer

Answer :

Roundworms have a ganglial nervous system with an anterior neural ring representing (evolutionarily) a primitive cephalization. Nematodes have two main longitudinal ganglial chords that extend one dorsally and the other ventrally under the epidermis. There may also be nerves lateral to these main chords. The nervous system of a free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, has been well-studied in neurophysiological research and presents 302 neurons. The nematode C. Elegans was the organism used in the research on the genetic regulation of organogenesis and apoptosis whose researchers won the Nobel prize of Medicine in 2002 (Brenner, Horvitz and Sulston). Phylum Nematoda Review - Image Diversity: nematode nervous system

Related questions

Description : How is the nervous system characterized in beings of the phylum Annelida? How can one compare cephalization in annelids to cephalization in nematodes and platyhelminthes?

Last Answer : Annelids have a nervous system made of two ventral chords and one relatively big nervous cell concentration in its anterior portion resembling a primitive brain. Nematodes have an anterior neural ... is more outstanding than in nematodes or in flatworms. Image Diversity: earthworm nervous system

Description : Nematode identity card. How are nematodes characterized according to examples of representing beings, basic morphology, type of symmetry, germ layers and coelom, digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, excretory system, nervous system and types of reproduction?

Last Answer : Examples of representing beings: ascaris, hookworms, filaria, pinworms. Basic morphology: cylindric (round) body, not segmented. Type of symmetry: bilateral. Germ layers and coelom: ... ganglial chord, primitive cephalization. Types of reproduction: sexual. Phylum Annelida - Q&A Review

Description : The tubular and dorsal nervous system of chordates is related to the cephalization in these animals and to bilateral symmetry. The presence of neural integrating centers with concentration of ... These features have been preserved by evolution as they provide adaptive advantage to their owners.

Last Answer : How can the tubular-dorsal nervous system in chordates be compared to the nervous pattern present in invertebrates?

Description : Is the nervous system in platyhelminthes more or less sophisticated than in cnidarians? What are the main neural structures found in flatworms? How is this neural organization important for the diversity of biological niches explored by species of the phylum?

Last Answer : Platyhelminthes present a more sophisticated nervous system than cnidarians, as the first neural chords with ganglia (grouping of neurons) appear, a characteristic of the evolutionary process of ... that are parasites and those that are free-living. Image Diversity: platyhelminth nervous system

Description : Which one of the following statements is correct? (a) Endocrine glands regulate neural activity, but not vice versa. (b) Neurons regulate endocrine activity, but not vice versa. (c ... endocrine glands. (d) Neither hormones control neural activity nor the neurons control endocrine activity.

Last Answer : (c) Endocrine glands regulate neural activity and

Description : A patient of megaloblastic anaemia was treated with oral folic acid 5 mg daily. After 2 weeks he reported back with cognitive deficit, sensory disturbance, depressed knee jerk, while ... therapy has unmasked pyridoxine deficiency D. Patient has folate reductase abnormality in the nervous system

Last Answer : D. Patient has folate reductase abnormality in the nervous system

Description : How is the nervous system of molluscs organized?

Last Answer : Molluscs have well-developed sensory structures. It is accepted that cephalopods, like octopus and squid, have eyes with image formation. Snails have antennae and a pair of well-defined ... molluscs and neurons concentrate in a ganglial pattern. Mollusca - Image Diversity: mollusc nervous system

Description : Compared to platyhelminthes which physiological problem have the cylindrical body of nematodes brought? How was that problem solved?

Last Answer : The cylindrical shape of nematodes made impossible the respiration exclusively by simple diffusion among cells since there are tissues far from the exterior. This problem was solved by the ... respiration is cutaneous; it is considered that these animals still make respiration by diffusion).

Description : Not all animals have a circulatory system. Poriferans, cnidarians, platyhelminthes and nematodes (in these there are the pseudocoelom fluid but no vessels) are avascular animals. Echinoderms do not have true circulatory systems either.

Last Answer : What is the alternative means for transport of substances in animals without a circulatory system? Why is blood important for larger animals?

Description : How does the excretory system of nematodes work?

Last Answer : The metabolic residuals of nematodes are collected by two longitudinal lateral excretory channels that open in one single excretory pore near the mouth. Phylum Nematoda Review - Image Diversity: nematode excretory system

Description : Are mollusc metameric beings? Exclusively analyzing this feature could it be said that molluscs are evolutionarily proximal to nematodes or to annelids?

Last Answer : In molluscs there is not a body divided into segments. Considering just this feature it could be said that evolutionarily they are more proximal to nematodes than to annelids.

Description : Which are the morphological features that differentiate the beings of the phylum Annelida from nematodes and platyhelminthes?

Last Answer : Platyhelminthes are worms with flat bodies (flatworms), nematodes are worms with cylindrical but not segmented bodies (roundworms). Annelids are cylindrical worms with segmented bodies (they are metameric).

Description : What is the main evolutionary innovation presented by nematodes? What is the advantage of that innovation?

Last Answer : The main evolutionary innovation of nematodes is the complete digestive system, with two openings (mouth and anus). Since the ingestion and the defecation processes can occur in different ... body and not yet eliminated. Phylum Nematoda Review - Image Diversity: nematode digestive system

Description : Are nematodes diploblastic or triploblastic animals?

Last Answer : Just like platyhelminthes, nematodes are triploblastics, i.e., they present three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm). Phylum Nematoda Review - Image Diversity: germ layers

Description : What are the morphological similarities and differences between nematodes and annelids?

Last Answer : Nematodes, like annelids, have a cylindrical elongated body. Annelids differentiate from nematodes by presenting a segmented body (body divided into metameres) and so they are called segmented worms.

Description : What is the typical morphological feature of nematodes that differentiates them from platyhelminthes?

Last Answer : Nematodes are also known as roundworms. As the name indicates they are not flat like platyhelminthes. In evolutionary grounds with the nematodes the first complete digestive system appears, with mouth and anus, and the pseudocoelom is also a novelty.

Description : Are nematodes exclusively parasites?

Last Answer : There are parasitic roundworms, including parasites of plants, but there are also free-living nematodes.

Description : What are examples of nematodes?

Last Answer : Ascaris, hookworm and filaria, all parasites of humans, are examples of nematodes (also known as roundworms). Phylum Nematoda Review - Image Diversity: roundworms ascaris hookworm

Description : What is the main external morphological feature that differentiates platyhelminthes from other worms (nematodes)?

Last Answer : Platyhelminthes are also known as flatworms because they are worms with a flat body. This is the main external morphological feature that differentiates them from nematodes (roundworms).

Description : Praziquantel is effective against B A. Trematodes B. Cestodes C. Nematodes D. None

Last Answer : Cestodes

Description : Cry I endotoxins obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis are effective against (a) nematodes (b) bollworms (c) mosquitoes (d) flies.

Last Answer : b) bollworms

Description : Silencing of mRNA has been used in producing transgenic plants resistant to (a) boll worms (b) nematodes (c) white rusts (d) bacterial blights.

Last Answer : (b) nematodes

Description : The process of RNA interference (RNAi) has been used in the development of plants resistant to (a) nematodes (b) fungi (c) viruses (d) insects.

Last Answer : (a) nematodes

Description : Bt cotton variety that was developed by the introduction of toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is resistant to (a) insect pests (b) fungal diseases (c) plant nematodes (d) insect predators.

Last Answer : (a) insect pests

Description : Diphtheria is caused by (a) nematodes (b) bacteria (c) virus (d) none of these.

Last Answer : (b) bacteria

Description : Ringworm in humans is caused by (a) bacteria (b) fungi (c) nematodes (d) viruses.

Last Answer : (b) fungi

Description : Damping-off is caused by: a. Fungi b. Bacteria c. Nematodes d. Virus

Last Answer : Fungi

Description : Nematodes are — a. Monoblastic b. Diploblastic c. Triploblastic d. None of these

Last Answer : c. Triploblastic

Description : Mention the class of Echinococcus a) Cestoda b) Trematoda c) Turbularia d) Nematodes

Last Answer : a) Cestoda

Description : Which anthelmintic drug acts through a specific glutamate gated Cl– ion channel found only in nematodes: A. Ivermectin B. Niclosamide C. Pyrantel pamoate D. Praziquantel

Last Answer : A. Ivermectin

Description : he following anthelmintic acts as a cholinergic agonist in the nematodes and causes spastic paralysis of the worms: A. Piperazine B. Pyrantel pamoate C. Mebendazole D. Thiabendazole

Last Answer : B. Pyrantel pamoate

Description : Mention the class of Echinococcus a) Cestoda b) Trematoda c) Turbularia d) Nematodes

Last Answer : a) Cestoda

Description : Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the endocrine system? (a) Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amounts that act as intercellular messenger are known as ... in the body like gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney and liver do not produce any hormones.

Last Answer : (a) Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amounts that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones.

Description : Select the correct statement from the ones given below with respect to Periplaneta americana. (a) Nervous system located dorsally, consists of segmentally arranged ganglia joined by a pair of longitudinal ... midgut and hindgut. (d) Grinding of food is carried out only by the mouth parts.

Last Answer : (b) Males bear a pair of short thread like anal styles.

Description : Select the correct statement from the ones given below with respect to Periplaneta americana (1) Grinding of food is carried out only by the mouth parts (2) Nervous system located dorsally, consists ... (4) There are 16 very long Malpighian tubules present at the junctions of midgut and hindgut

Last Answer : (3) Males bear a pair of short thread like anal styles

Description : 2. Prove that if chords of congruent circles subtend equal angles at their centres, then the chords are equal. -Maths 9th

Last Answer : Consider the following diagram- Here, it is given that AOB = COD i.e. they are equal angles. Now, we will have to prove that the line segments AB and CD are equal i.e. AB = CD. Proof: In triangles AOB ... ) So, by SAS congruency, ΔAOB ΔCOD. ∴ By the rule of CPCT, we have AB = CD. (Hence proved).

Description : 1. Recall that two circles are congruent if they have the same radii. Prove that equal chords of congruent circles subtend equal angles at their centres. -Maths 9th

Last Answer : To recall, a circle is a collection of points whose every point is equidistant from its centre. So, two circles can be congruent only when the distance of every point of both the circles are equal from the centre ... ) So, by SSS congruency, ΔAOB ΔCOD ∴ By CPCT we have, AOB = COD. (Hence proved).

Description : If two equal chords bisect each other, then the point of intersection of the chords coincides with their centre. [True `//` False]

Last Answer : If two equal chords bisect each other, then the point of intersection of the chords coincides with their centre. [True `//` False]

Description : I am 18 years old. Height 5 feet 5 inches. Weight 53 kg. My arms and body are not well organized. I don't do any exercise. What kind of food can I eat and what kind of exercise can I be healthy ?

Last Answer : After morning prayers, do some walking, then have breakfast with panta rice, eat rice again at 10 in the morning , have light breakfast at 12.30 in the afternoon , without oily things , after noon , walk for ... o'clock and sleep at 10 o'clock. If you eat less at first , it will get better later .

Description : Non-formal Education is Options: A) Provided by family, community, religion etc. B) Having no fixed curriculum C) Not motivated for acquiring knowledge D) Arranged by some organized body

Last Answer : B) Having no fixed curriculum 

Description : How effective would cutting out a dog's vocal chords be at preventing it from barking?

Last Answer : answer:Dumb question from a smart person! “How effective would a lobotomy be in preventing @ragingloli from thinking right?” ♥♥

Description : Does anyone know the chords to this song?

Last Answer : Sorry couldn’t find much either, bar some pages in Icelandic and I didn’t understand them, it’s late here, have you tried asking her / them over twitter? https://twitter.com/soleysoleysoley You never know, thanks for the new music :)

Description : Guitar power chords - how do you "open" them up?

Last Answer : answer:In my experience there is almost always another way to play it. Have you found any other tabs for the song? For what it’s worth, I learned to play on an acoustic, and playing across 5 frets for one chord is definitely doable… But it takes a good amount of practice to get your hand used to it.

Description : Does anybody know the true chords of song "Bare Necessities" from the Jungle Book?

Last Answer : answer:Try this: http://www.guntheranderson.com/v/data/thebaren.htm Or this. Excuse the ads, but it may be the one: http://www.guitaretab.com/t/terry-gilkyson/180048.html

Description : Whats a good source book for bass scales and chords?

Last Answer : This one, Bass Grimoire seems to have gotten very good reviews on Amazon.

Description : Is there a good website that has guitar chords for popular songs?

Last Answer : You can try ultimate-guitar

Description : What are the chords in the Bed Intruder piano cover?

Last Answer : Note: The chords in the description are of the original song, not the cover afterwards.

Description : Do fish have vocal chords?

Last Answer : You’re asking two completely separate questions. Fish do not have vocal chords, although they often use sound for communication. They can, however, “hear”. They have lateral lines that pick up vibration, pressure changes, electrical impulses and other cues to their environment.