Humburger effect is otherwise known as– (1) Sodium pump (2) Anaerobic metabolism (3) Choloride shift (4) Respiratory product

Humburger effect is otherwise known as– (1) Sodium pump (2) Anaerobic metabolism (3) Choloride shift (4) Respiratory product
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Choloride shift
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Humburger effect is otherwise known as- (1) Sodium pump (2) Anaerobic metabolism (3) Choloride shift (4) Respiratory product

Description : Humburger effect is otherwise known as- (1) Sodium pump (2) Anaerobic metabolism (3) Choloride shift (4) Respiratory product

Last Answer : (3) Choloride shift Explanation: Hamburger shift (also known as the Chloride shift) is a process which occurs in the cardiovascular system and refers to the exchange of bicarbonate and chloride across the membrane of red blood cells.

Regarding retinal metabolism: a. insulin is essential for the uptake of glucose by the retina b. anaerobic metabolism predominates c. the pigment retinal epithelium stores glycogen and supplies the need of the retina d. the demand of oxygen is met entirely by the central retinal artery

Description : Regarding retinal metabolism: a. insulin is essential for the uptake of glucose by the retina b. anaerobic metabolism predominates c. the pigment retinal epithelium stores glycogen and supplies the need of the retina d. the demand of oxygen is met entirely by the central retinal artery

Last Answer : anaerobic metabolism predominates

Metronidazole is selectively active against anaerobic organisms because: A. Aerobes have an active transport mechanism to pump it out of their cell B. Only anaerobes reduce it to generate the reactive nitro radical C. It is rapidly inactivated in the presence of oxygen D. It binds to DNA of anaerobes with high affinity

Description : Metronidazole is selectively active against anaerobic organisms because: A. Aerobes have an active transport mechanism to pump it out of their cell B. Only anaerobes reduce it to generate the reactive ... inactivated in the presence of oxygen D. It binds to DNA of anaerobes with high affinity

Last Answer : B. Only anaerobes reduce it to generate the reactive nitro radical

Respiratory quotient of an average mixed diet is about (A) 0.65 (B) 0.7 (C) 0.75 (D) 0.85 MINERAL METABOLISM 201

Description : Respiratory quotient of an average mixed diet is about (A) 0.65 (B) 0.7 (C) 0.75 (D) 0.85 MINERAL METABOLISM 201

Last Answer : Answer : D

If the reducing equivalents enter from NAD in the respiratory chain, the phsphate/oxygen (P:O) is (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 MINERAL METABOLISM 183

Description : If the reducing equivalents enter from NAD in the respiratory chain, the phsphate/oxygen (P:O) is (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4 MINERAL METABOLISM 183

Last Answer : Answer : C

Which of the following statements about respiratory acidosis are true? A. Compensation occurs by a shift of chloride out of the red blood cells. B. Renal compensation occurs rapidly. C. Retention of bicarbonate and increased ammonia formation are normal compensatory mechanisms. D. Narcotic administration is an unusual cause of respiratory acidosis. E. The ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid is less than 20:1.

Description : Which of the following statements about respiratory acidosis are true? A. Compensation occurs by a shift of chloride out of the red blood cells. B. Renal compensation occurs rapidly. C. Retention of ... of respiratory acidosis. E. The ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid is less than 20:1.

Last Answer : Answer: CE DISCUSSION: Renal compensation for acute hypoventilation is relatively slow. Depression of the respiratory center by morphine can lead to respiratory acidosis. Renal retention of bicarbonate, ... into red cells combine to increase the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid to 20:1

If the body undergoes alkalosis the respiratory center located in the medulla gets the information and induces the lowering of the respiratory frequency. The reduction of the respiratory frequency makes the body retain more carbon dioxide and to shift the equilibrium of the formation of bicarbonate towards the production of more hydrogen ions and thus the blood pH lowers.

Description : If the body undergoes alkalosis the respiratory center located in the medulla gets the information and induces the lowering of the respiratory frequency. The reduction of the respiratory frequency makes ... of bicarbonate towards the production of more hydrogen ions and thus the blood pH lowers.

Last Answer : What is the difference between respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis and what is the difference between respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis?

If the body experiences acidosis the respiratory center located in the medulla gets the information and induces the increase of the respiratory frequency. The increment of the respiratory frequency makes the body eliminate more carbon dioxide and to shift the equilibrium of the formation of bicarbonate towards the spending of more hydrogen ions and thus the blood pH raises.

Description : If the body experiences acidosis the respiratory center located in the medulla gets the information and induces the increase of the respiratory frequency. The increment of the respiratory frequency makes the ... of bicarbonate towards the spending of more hydrogen ions and thus the blood pH raises.

Last Answer : How does the breathing process correct alkalosis?

Morphine affords symptomatic relief of dyspnoea in acute left ventricular failure by the following mechanisms except: A. Bronchodilatation B. Depression of respiratory centre C. Reduction in cardiac preload D. Shift of blood from pulmonary to systemic circuit

Description : Morphine affords symptomatic relief of dyspnoea in acute left ventricular failure by the following mechanisms except: A. Bronchodilatation B. Depression of respiratory centre C. Reduction in cardiac preload D. Shift of blood from pulmonary to systemic circuit

Last Answer : A. Bronchodilatation

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the microvascular and cellular response to shock? a. Osmodically induced mobilization of intracellular fluid is the initial response to restore intravascular volume b. With larger volume hemorrhagic shock deterioration of normal cellular transmembrane potential occurs resulting in an increase in extracellular sodium and water c. The accumulation of anaerobic metabolites override normal homeostatic vasomotor tone and contribute to the maladaptive vasodilatation d. Abnormal intracellular calcium homeostasis may contribute to the cellular dysfunction of shock

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the microvascular and cellular response to shock? a. Osmodically induced mobilization of intracellular fluid is the initial ... d. Abnormal intracellular calcium homeostasis may contribute to the cellular dysfunction of shock

Last Answer : Answer: c, d Moderate hypovolemia results in a relatively rapid spontaneous restitution of intravascular volume through expansion of the plasma space. This plasma expansion by ... potassium pump. Cellular dysfunction also appears to be related to abnormal intracellular calcium homeostasis

The compound that is added to the medium to absorb oxygen for the creation of anaerobic conditions a. Sodium Thioglycollate b. Nitrous acid c. Citrate d. None of these

Description : The compound that is added to the medium to absorb oxygen for the creation of anaerobic conditions a. Sodium Thioglycollate b. Nitrous acid c. Citrate d. None of these

Last Answer : Ans: B

The respiratory chain complexes acting as proton pump are (A) I, II and III (B) I, II and IV (C) I, III and IV (D) I and II

Description : The respiratory chain complexes acting as proton pump are (A) I, II and III (B) I, II and IV (C) I, III and IV (D) I and II

Last Answer : Answer : C

The method of calculating the national income by the product method is otherwise known as : (1) Income method (2) Value added method (3) Expenditure method (4) Net output method

Description : The method of calculating the national income by the product method is otherwise known as : (1) Income method (2) Value added method (3) Expenditure method (4) Net output method

Last Answer : (4) Net output method Explanation: Primarily there are three methods of measuring national income. Which method is to be employed depends on the availability of data and purpose. The methods ... account. In this method, National Output = National Expenditure (Aggregate Demand) = National Income.

The method of calculating the national income by the product method is otherwise known as : (1) Income method (2) Value added method (3) Expenditure method (4) Net output method

Description : The method of calculating the national income by the product method is otherwise known as : (1) Income method (2) Value added method (3) Expenditure method (4) Net output method

Last Answer : Net output method

In a forward feed multiple effect evaporator unit (A) Viscosity of liquid is highest in first effect (B) Transfer from effect to effect is done by pumps (C) No pump is required to withdraw the product from the last effect (D) None of these

Description : In a forward feed multiple effect evaporator unit (A) Viscosity of liquid is highest in first effect (B) Transfer from effect to effect is done by pumps (C) No pump is required to withdraw the product from the last effect (D) None of these

Last Answer : (D) None of these

The Doppler Effect predicts that the spectrum of light from a visible body moving AWAY from the Earth will experience a shift in frequency when viewed from Earth. This particular shift is known as the: w) Blue shift x) Neutral shift y) Red shift z) Dirac shift

Description : The Doppler Effect predicts that the spectrum of light from a visible body moving AWAY from the Earth will experience a shift in frequency when viewed from Earth. This particular shift is known as the: w) Blue shift x) Neutral shift y) Red shift z) Dirac shift

Last Answer : ANSWER: Y -- RED SHIFT

The metabolism of sodium is regulated by the hormone: (A) Insulin (B) Aldosterone (C) PTH (D) Somatostatin

Description : The metabolism of sodium is regulated by the hormone: (A) Insulin (B) Aldosterone (C) PTH (D) Somatostatin

Last Answer : Answer : B

Mineralcorticoids regulate the metabolism of all of the following except (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Calcium (D) Chloride

Description : Mineralcorticoids regulate the metabolism of all of the following except (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Calcium (D) Chloride

Last Answer : Answer : C

An increase in carbohydrate metabolism is accompanied by temporary decrease in serum: (A) Calcium (B) Phosphate (C) Iron (D) Sodium

Description : An increase in carbohydrate metabolism is accompanied by temporary decrease in serum: (A) Calcium (B) Phosphate (C) Iron (D) Sodium

Last Answer : Answer : B

The following drug displaces plasma protein bound phenytoin as well as decreases its metabolism: A. Carbamazepine B. Sodium valproate C. Cimetidine D. Chloramphenicol

Description : The following drug displaces plasma protein bound phenytoin as well as decreases its metabolism: A. Carbamazepine B. Sodium valproate C. Cimetidine D. Chloramphenicol

Last Answer : B. Sodium valproate

A waste product in the metabolism of glucose in cells is: w) oxygen x) methane y) carbon dioxide z) urea

Description : A waste product in the metabolism of glucose in cells is: w) oxygen x) methane y) carbon dioxide z) urea

Last Answer : ANSWER: C -- CARBON DIOXIDE 

The antibacterial action of aminoglycoside antibiotics is characterized by: A. Concentration dependent rate of bacterial cell killing B. Concentration dependent prolonged postantibiotic effect C. More pronounced bactericidal effect in anaerobic medium D. Both 'A' and 'B' are correct

Description : The antibacterial action of aminoglycoside antibiotics is characterized by: A. Concentration dependent rate of bacterial cell killing B. Concentration dependent prolonged postantibiotic effect C. More pronounced bactericidal effect in anaerobic medium D. Both 'A' and 'B' are correct

Last Answer : D. Both 'A' and 'B' are correct

anaerobic glucose breakdown produces a compound called ____ as a by-product. -General Knowledge

Description : anaerobic glucose breakdown produces a compound called ____ as a by-product. -General Knowledge

Last Answer : Anaerobic glucose breakdown produces a compound called lactate that accumulates in the tissues and blood.

Stirred-tank bioreactors have been designed for (a) addition of preservatives to the product (b) purification of the product (c) ensuring anaerobic conditions in the culture vessel (d) availability of oxygen throughout the process.

Description : Stirred-tank bioreactors have been designed for (a) addition of preservatives to the product (b) purification of the product (c) ensuring anaerobic conditions in the culture vessel (d) availability of oxygen throughout the process.

Last Answer : (d) availability of oxygen throughout the process.

Stirred-tank bioreactors have been designed for (a) purification of product (b) addition of preservatives to the product (c) availability of oxygen throughout the process (d) ensuring anaerobic conditions in the culture vessel.

Description : Stirred-tank bioreactors have been designed for (a) purification of product (b) addition of preservatives to the product (c) availability of oxygen throughout the process (d) ensuring anaerobic conditions in the culture vessel.

Last Answer : (c) availability of oxygen throughout the process

During compensation of respiratory alkalosis, all the following changes occur except (A) Decreased secretion of hydrogen ions by renal tubules (B) Increased excretion of sodium in urine (C) Increased excretion of bicarbonate in urine (D) Increased excretion of ammonia in urine

Description : During compensation of respiratory alkalosis, all the following changes occur except (A) Decreased secretion of hydrogen ions by renal tubules (B) Increased excretion of sodium in urine (C) Increased excretion of bicarbonate in urine (D) Increased excretion of ammonia in urine

Last Answer : Answer : D

From the standpoint of safety, you should never allow salt water to enter a leadacid storage battery or come in contact with sulfuric acid because ______________. A. the resulting gas is extremely flammable B. the resulting gas is a respiratory irritant that can be fatal C. the primary constituent, sodium, reacts lethally with lead peroxide D. combining salt water with lead-acid creates an invisible gas resulting in severe corrosion

Description : From the standpoint of safety, you should never allow salt water to enter a leadacid storage battery or come in contact with sulfuric acid because ______________. A. the resulting gas is ... peroxide D. combining salt water with lead-acid creates an invisible gas resulting in severe corrosion

Last Answer : Answer: B

Prilling of urea should be accomplished (in a sprayer) just above the melting point of urea with minimum of retention time, otherwise it will result in (A) Low bulk density product (B) Biuret formation (C) Non-spherical prills (D) Substantially wet non-flowing and sticky product

Description : Prilling of urea should be accomplished (in a sprayer) just above the melting point of urea with minimum of retention time, otherwise it will result in (A) Low bulk density product (B) Biuret formation (C) Non-spherical prills (D) Substantially wet non-flowing and sticky product

Last Answer : (B) Biuret formation

Air used in aerobic fermentation must be sterilized, otherwise the (A) Recovery of product will be difficult (B) Contamination of pure culture would result (C) Uniformity of product cannot be achieved (D) None of these

Description : Air used in aerobic fermentation must be sterilized, otherwise the (A) Recovery of product will be difficult (B) Contamination of pure culture would result (C) Uniformity of product cannot be achieved (D) None of these

Last Answer : (B) Contamination of pure culture would result

_________________ implies the availability or otherwise of plant and machinery and technical know how to produce the product. A. Economic viability. B. Financial feasibility. C. Technical feasibility. D. Managerial competence

Description : _________________ implies the availability or otherwise of plant and machinery and technical know how to produce the product. A. Economic viability. B. Financial feasibility. C. Technical feasibility. D. Managerial competence

Last Answer : C. Technical feasibility.

What occurs during a single cycle of sodium-potassium exchange pump?

Description : What occurs during a single cycle of sodium-potassium exchange pump?

Last Answer : Three sodium ions are moved out of the cell for every ATPhydrolyzed by the pump. At the same time, two potassium ions aremoved into the cell.

What occurs during a single cycle of sodium-potassium exchange pump?

Description : What occurs during a single cycle of sodium-potassium exchange pump?

Last Answer : Three sodium ions are moved out of the cell for every ATPhydrolyzed by the pump. At the same time, two potassium ions aremoved into the cell.

What do sodium potassium pumps pump?

Description : What do sodium potassium pumps pump?

Last Answer : The sodium-potassium pump (PDB entries 2zxe and 3b8e ) is found in our cellular membranes, where it is in charge of generating a gradient of ions. It continually pumps sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, powered by ATP.

All of the following may be useful in the treatment of cardiogenic shock except: A. Dobutamine. B. Sodium nitroprusside. C. Pneumatic antishock garment. D. Intra-aortic balloon pump.

Description : All of the following may be useful in the treatment of cardiogenic shock except: A. Dobutamine. B. Sodium nitroprusside. C. Pneumatic antishock garment. D. Intra-aortic balloon pump.

Last Answer : Answer: C DISCUSSION: Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart fails to generate adequate cardiac output to maintain tissue perfusion. Intrinsic causes such as myocardial dysfunction secondary ... ), which causes an increase in systemic vascular resistance, is contraindicated in cardiogenic shock

How does the sodium-potassium pump present in the cell membrane work ?

Description : How does the sodium-potassium pump present in the cell membrane work ?

Last Answer : What is the importance of this protein for the cell? The sodium-potassium pump is the transport protein that maintains the concentration gradient of these ions between the intra and the ... maintain the cellular metabolism. Cell Membrane Review - Image Diversity: sodium-potassium pump

"Sodium Pump" operates in - (1) Muscle contraction (2) Heart beat (3) Nerve impulse (4) None of the above

Description : "Sodium Pump" operates in - (1) Muscle contraction (2) Heart beat (3) Nerve impulse (4) None of the above

Last Answer : (3) Nerve impulse Explanation: Na+/K+-ATPase (also known as sodium-potassium pump) is an enzyme located in the plasma them brane of virtually every human cell and is common to all cellular ... are voltagegated, which means that they can open and close depending on the voltage across the membrane.

The type of pump used for the recirculation of molten sodium coolant in liquid metal cooled reactor is a/an __________ pump. (A) Electromagnetic (B) Reciprocating (C) Centrifugal (D) Volute

Description : The type of pump used for the recirculation of molten sodium coolant in liquid metal cooled reactor is a/an __________ pump. (A) Electromagnetic (B) Reciprocating (C) Centrifugal (D) Volute

Last Answer : (A) Electromagnetic

How does sodium pump work?

Description : How does sodium pump work?

Last Answer :  It is called sodium-potassium activated ATPase. Hydrolysis of one molecule of ATP can result in expulsion of 3 sodium ions and influx of 2 potas- sium ions

What is the importance of sodium pump?

Description : What is the importance of sodium pump?

Last Answer : Cell has low intracellular sodium; but concentra- tion of potassium inside the cell is high; this is maintained by sodium pump. About 40% of the total energy expenditure in a cell is used for this active transport system

The neuronal resting membrane of the human brain is : a. maintained by the sodium pump b. around -70mV c. maintained by using ATP for energy d. all above

Description : The neuronal resting membrane of the human brain is : a. maintained by the sodium pump b. around -70mV c. maintained by using ATP for energy d. all above

Last Answer : all above

Pump used for the transportation of molten sodium in a fast breader reactor is a/an __________ pump. (A) Reciprocating (B) Plunger (C) Electromagnetic (D) Gear

Description : Pump used for the transportation of molten sodium in a fast breader reactor is a/an __________ pump. (A) Reciprocating (B) Plunger (C) Electromagnetic (D) Gear

Last Answer : (C) Electromagnetic

Centrifugal pump can't be used to pump (A) Molten sodium (used as a coolant in Fast Breeder Reactor) (B) Moderately viscous vegetable oil used in soap industry (C) Thick molten soap at 80°C (D) None of the above

Description : Centrifugal pump can't be used to pump (A) Molten sodium (used as a coolant in Fast Breeder Reactor) (B) Moderately viscous vegetable oil used in soap industry (C) Thick molten soap at 80°C (D) None of the above

Last Answer : (C) Thick molten soap at 80°C

The success of oral rehydration therapy of diarrhoea depends upon the following process in the intestinal mucosa: A. Sodium pump mediated Na+ absorption B. Glucose coupled Na+ absorption C. Bicarbonate coupled Na+ absorption D. Passive Na+ diffusion secondary to nutrient absorption

Description : The success of oral rehydration therapy of diarrhoea depends upon the following process in the intestinal mucosa: A. Sodium pump mediated Na+ absorption B. Glucose coupled Na+ absorption C. Bicarbonate coupled Na+ absorption D. Passive Na+ diffusion secondary to nutrient absorption

Last Answer : B. Glucose coupled Na+ absorption

The fastest symptomatic relief as well as highest healing rates in reflux esophagitis are obtained with: A. Prokinetic drugs B. H2 receptor blockers C. Proton pump inhibitors D. Sodium alginate

Description : The fastest symptomatic relief as well as highest healing rates in reflux esophagitis are obtained with: A. Prokinetic drugs B. H2 receptor blockers C. Proton pump inhibitors D. Sodium alginate

Last Answer : C. Proton pump inhibitors

Select the drug which is an inhibitor of gastric mucosal proton pump: A. Carbenoxolone sodium B. Sucralfate C. Famotidine D. Lansoprazole

Description : Select the drug which is an inhibitor of gastric mucosal proton pump: A. Carbenoxolone sodium B. Sucralfate C. Famotidine D. Lansoprazole

Last Answer : D. Lansoprazole

The sodium/potassium pump is primarily responsible for the: a) resting potential b) action potential c) excretion of salts d) contraction of muscle fibers

Description : The sodium/potassium pump is primarily responsible for the: a) resting potential b) action potential c) excretion of salts d) contraction of muscle fibers

Last Answer : ANSWER: A -- RESTING POTENTIAL

“Sodium Pump” operates in (1) Muscle contraction (2) Heart beat (3) Nerve impulse (4) None of the above

Description : “Sodium Pump” operates in (1) Muscle contraction (2) Heart beat (3) Nerve impulse (4) None of the above

Last Answer : Nerve impulse

Calcium metabolism in birds gets disturbed due to the effect of:

Description : Calcium metabolism in birds gets disturbed due to the effect of:

Last Answer : Calcium metabolism in birds gets disturbed due to the effect of: A. Mercury B. Cadmium C. DDT D. Lead

A hypertensive patient has been using nifedipine for some time without untoward effects. If he experiences a rapidly developing enhancement of the antihypertensive effect of the drug, it is probably due to (a) Concomitant use of antacids (b) Fods containing tyramine (c) Grapefruit juice (d) Induction of drug metabolism (e) Over – the – counter decongestants

Description : A hypertensive patient has been using nifedipine for some time without untoward effects. If he experiences a rapidly developing enhancement of the antihypertensive effect of the drug, it is probably due to ... ) Grapefruit juice (d) Induction of drug metabolism (e) Over - the - counter decongestants

Last Answer : Ans: C

Pharmacodynamics considers; B A. The way in which the drug affects the Body B. The effect of drug in the body and mode of action C. Drug metabolism D. Drug excretion

Description : Pharmacodynamics considers;  B A. The way in which the drug affects the Body B. The effect of drug in the body and mode of action C. Drug metabolism D. Drug excretion

Last Answer : The effect of drug in the body and mode of action