Esophageal perforation?

Esophageal perforation?
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DefinitionAn esophageal perforation is a hole in the esophagus, the tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach.Alternative NamesPerforation of the esophagusCauses, incidence, and risk factorsA perforation is a hole through which the contents of the esophagus can pass into the mediastinum, the surrounding area in the chest. This often results in infection of the mediastinum (mediastinitis).The most common cause of an esophageal perforation is injury during a medical procedure such as esophagoscopy. However, because flexible instruments are now used this rarely occurs.The esophagus may also become perforated as the result of:A tumorGastric refluxwith ulcerationSwallowing a foreign object or caustic chemicalsViolent vomitingLess common causes include injuries to the esophagu
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Description : What is gastro esophageal reflux disease and how can I treat it?

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Description : Esophageal manometry?

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A patient suffers from spisodic pain diffusely localized over the chest and upper abdomen, which is relieved by sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. He could be suffering from (a) Angina pectoris (b) Biliary colic (c) Esophageal spasm (d) All of the above

Description : A patient suffers from spisodic pain diffusely localized over the chest and upper abdomen, which is relieved by sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. He could be suffering from (a) Angina pectoris (b) Biliary colic (c) Esophageal spasm (d) All of the above

Last Answer : Ans: D

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Description : Factor at increase risk of aspiration includes A. drinking clear fluids 8 hours before operation B. gastro esophageal reflux C. chewing gum D. Two hours preoperative oral clear fluid administration

Last Answer : Ans: B

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Description : Halitosis and a sour taste in the mouth are signs and symptoms associated most directly with a) esophageal diverticula. Because the diverticula may retain decomposed food, halitosis and a sour ... as heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia in many patients while at least 50% are asymptomatic.

Last Answer : a) esophageal diverticula. Because the diverticula may retain decomposed food, halitosis and a sour taste in the mouth are frequent complaints.

The most common symptom of esophageal disease is a) dysphagia. This symptom may vary from an uncomfortable feeling that a bolus of food is caught in the upper esophagus to acute pain on swallowing. b) nausea. Nausea is the most common symptom of gastrointestinal problems in general. c) vomiting. Vomiting is a nonspecific symptom that may have a variety of causes. d) odynophagia. Odynophagia refers specifically to acute pain on swallowing.

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Last Answer : a) dysphagia. This symptom may vary from an uncomfortable feeling that a bolus of food is caught in the upper esophagus to acute pain on swallowing.

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Last Answer : Correct Answer: 2) Keratoconjunctivitis sicca

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Last Answer : D. Both ‘B’ and ‘C’

ndicate the drug which does not improve lower esophageal sphincter tone or prevent gastroesophageal reflux, but is used as first line treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A. Sodium alginate + aluminium hydroxide gel B. Omeprazole C. Mosapride D. Famotidine

Description : ndicate the drug which does not improve lower esophageal sphincter tone or prevent gastroesophageal reflux, but is used as first line treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A. Sodium alginate + aluminium hydroxide gel B. Omeprazole C. Mosapride D. Famotidine

Last Answer : B. Omeprazole

Metoclopramide has the following actions except: A. Increases lower esophageal sphincter tone B. Increases tone of pyloric sphincter C. Increases gastric peristalsis D. Increases intestinal peristalsis

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Last Answer : B. Increases tone of pyloric sphincter

Arginine vasopressin is preferred over desmopressin in the following condition: A. Diabetes insipidus B. Bedwetting in children C. Bleeding esophageal varices D. Bleeding in haemophilia

Description : Arginine vasopressin is preferred over desmopressin in the following condition: A. Diabetes insipidus B. Bedwetting in children C. Bleeding esophageal varices D. Bleeding in haemophilia

Last Answer : C. Bleeding esophageal varices

Choose the correct statement(s) about terlipressin: A. It is a prodrug B. It is used to control bleeding from esophageal varices C. It is preferred for controlling bleeding in von Willebrand's disease D. Both 'A' and 'B' are correct

Description : Choose the correct statement(s) about terlipressin: A. It is a prodrug B. It is used to control bleeding from esophageal varices C. It is preferred for controlling bleeding in von Willebrand's disease D. Both 'A' and 'B' are correct

Last Answer : D. Both 'A' and 'B' are correct

A patient suffers from episodic pain diffusely localized over the chest and upper abdomen, which is relieved by sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. He could be suffering from: A. Angina pectoris B. Biliary colic C. Esophageal spasm D. Any of the abov

Description : A patient suffers from episodic pain diffusely localized over the chest and upper abdomen, which is relieved by sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. He could be suffering from: A. Angina pectoris B. Biliary colic C. Esophageal spasm D. Any of the abov

Last Answer : D. Any of the abov

Indications of somatostatin include: A. Macroprolactinoma B. Zollinger Ellison syndrome C. Bleeding esophageal varices D. Steatorrhoea

Description : Indications of somatostatin include: A. Macroprolactinoma B. Zollinger Ellison syndrome C. Bleeding esophageal varices D. Steatorrhoea

Last Answer : C. Bleeding esophageal varices