DefinitionGastrointestinal perforation is a hole that develops through the entire wall of the stomach, small intestine, large bowel, or gallbladder. This condition is a medical emergency.Alternative NamesIntestinal perforation; Perforation of the intestinesCauses, incidence, and risk factorsGastrointestinal perforation can be caused by a variety of illnesses, including appendicitis, diverticulitis, ulcer disease, gallstones or gallbladder infection, and less commonly, inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.Perforation of the intestine leads to leakage of intestinal contents into the abdominal cavity. This causes an inflammation called peritonitis.SymptomsSymptoms may include:Abdominal pain - severeChillsFeverNauseaVomitingSigns and testsX-rays of the a