Which of the following management substitutes is characterized by formalization, inflexibility, and closely knit work groups? (a) Characteristics of subordinates. ; (b) Characteristics of managers. (c) Characteristics of the organization. ; (d) Characteristics of task.

Which of the following management substitutes is characterized by formalization, inflexibility, and closely knit work groups? (a) Characteristics of subordinates. ; (b) Characteristics of managers. (c) Characteristics of the organization. ; (d) Characteristics of task.
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(c) Characteristics of the organization. ;
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