While considering the seven leadership styles described by the leadership continuum, all of the following are variables that need to be considered for a manager, EXCEPT, (a) manager's preferred style based on experience. (b) manager's preferred style based on expectation. (c) manager's preferred style based on knowledge. (d) manager's preferred style based on confidence in upper management.

While considering the seven leadership styles described by the leadership continuum, all of the following are variables that need to be considered for a manager, EXCEPT, (a) manager's preferred style based on experience. (b) manager's preferred style based on expectation. (c) manager's preferred style based on knowledge. (d) manager's preferred style based on confidence in upper management.
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(d) manager's preferred style based on confidence in upper management. 
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Tannenbaum and Schmidt‟s continuum of possible leadership behaviour identifies four main styles of leadership by the manager. What are they? (a) Commands, helps, joins and leads ; (b) Tells, sells, consults and joins (c) Tells, helps, joins and leads ; (d) Commands, sells, consults and resists

Description : Tannenbaum and Schmidt‟s continuum of possible leadership behaviour identifies four main styles of leadership by the manager. What are they? (a) Commands, helps, joins and leads ; (b) Tells, sells, consults and joins (c) Tells, helps, joins and leads ; (d) Commands, sells, consults and resists

Last Answer : (b) Tells, sells, consults and joins

Contingency theories of leadership are based on the belief that (a) there is no single style of leadership appropriate to all situations (b) there is a single style of leadership appropriate to all managers (c) there is a single style of leadership appropriate to all situations (d) none of the above [hint: Contingency theories of leadership are based on the belief that there is no single style of leadership appropriate to all situations as it will be dependent upon the interactions between the variables involved in a leadership situation and patterns of leadership behaviour.]

Description : Contingency theories of leadership are based on the belief that (a) there is no single style of leadership appropriate to all situations (b) there is a single style of leadership ... the interactions between the variables involved in a leadership situation and patterns of leadership behaviour.]

Last Answer : (a) there is no single style of leadership appropriate to all situations 

The ______________ style of leadership is where the focus of power is with the manager. The manager alone exercises decision-making, authority and the control of rewards or punishments. (a) democratic (b) laissez-faire (c) authoritarian (d) None of the above

Description : The ______________ style of leadership is where the focus of power is with the manager. The manager alone exercises decision-making, authority and the control of rewards or punishments. (a) democratic (b) ... a decision to pass the focus of power to members but is readily available if neede(d)]

Last Answer : (c) authoritarian 

Individual-level independent variables include all of the following except. (a) Leadership ; (b) Learning ; (c) Perception ; (d) Motivation

Description : Individual-level independent variables include all of the following except. (a) Leadership ; (b) Learning ; (c) Perception ; (d) Motivation

Last Answer : (a) Leadership ;

The most successful project manager usually:1. works their way up from assistants in the project office to full-fledged project managers, supplementing that experience with formal education. 2. Comes right from Harvard's MBA program into managing very large projects. 3. Is considered the technical expert of their field. 4. Has considerable experience as a functional manager before moving into the project management arena.

Description : The most successful project manager usually: 1. works their way up from assistants in the project office to full-fledged project managers,  supplementing that experience with formal ... . Has considerable experience as a functional manager before moving into the project  management arena.

Last Answer : 1. works their way up from assistants in the project office to full-fledged project managers,  supplementing that experience

Which of the following are not so easy for management to influence and change during strategy implementation? A. Style of Leadership B. StrategyC. SystemsD. Structure

Description : Which of the following are not so easy for management to influence and change during strategy implementation? A. Style of Leadership B. Strategy C. Systems D. Structure

Last Answer : Style of Leadership

Which of the following are easier for management to influence and change during strategy implementation? A. Staffing B. Style of Leadership C. Structure D. Skills

Description : Which of the following are easier for management to influence and change during strategy implementation? A. Staffing B. Style of Leadership C. Structure D. Skills

Last Answer : Structure

Which leadership theory suggests that management style should adapt itself to changing circumstances? (a) Contingency theory ; (b) Delegation theory ; (c) Autocratic theory ; (d) Participatory theory

Description : Which leadership theory suggests that management style should adapt itself to changing circumstances? (a) Contingency theory ; (b) Delegation theory ; (c) Autocratic theory ; (d) Participatory theory

Last Answer : (a) Contingency theory ;

According to Robert Katz, when managers have the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations, they possess _____________ skills. (a) Technical ; (b) Leadership ; (c) Problem-solving ; (d) Conceptual

Description : According to Robert Katz, when managers have the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations, they possess _____________ skills. (a) Technical ; (b) Leadership ; (c) Problem-solving ; (d) Conceptual

Last Answer : ; (d) Conceptual 

Transformational leadership focuses on middle and first line managers. (a) True ; (b) False

Description : Transformational leadership focuses on middle and first line managers. (a) True ; (b) False 

Last Answer : (b) False 

When we classify managers according to their level in the organization they are described as _______. (a) Functional, staff and line managers (b) Top managers, middle managers and supervisors (c) High level and lower level managers ; (d) General managers and administrative managers

Description : When we classify managers according to their level in the organization they are described as _______. (a) Functional, staff and line managers (b) Top managers, middle managers and supervisors (c) High level and lower level managers ; (d) General managers and administrative managers

Last Answer : (b) Top managers, middle managers and supervisors 

Least Preferred Co-worker ( LPC) model of leadership was developed by (a) Martin Evans ; (b) Robert House ; (c) Fred Fielder ; (d) Whetton

Description : Least Preferred Co-worker ( LPC) model of leadership was developed by (a) Martin Evans ; (b) Robert House ; (c) Fred Fielder ; (d) Whetton

Last Answer : (c) Fred Fielder ;

Which of the following statements about leadership is false? (a) Leadership does not necessarily take place within a hierarchical structure of an organisation. (b) Not every leader is a manager. (c) When people operate as leaders their role is always clearly established and define(d) (d) All the above.

Description : Which of the following statements about leadership is false? (a) Leadership does not necessarily take place within a hierarchical structure of an organisation. (b) Not every leader is a manager. (c) ... operate as leaders their role is always clearly established and define(d) (d) All the above.

Last Answer : (c) When people operate as leaders their role is always clearly established and define(d) 

Which of the following best expresses the difference between programmed and non-programmed decisions? (a) Occur under certainty or risk; occur under uncertainty or ambiguity (b) Made by managers who prefer a thinking or technocratic style; made by managers who use judgement and follow intuition (c) Handled with decision rules; decision rules cannot be developed (d) Have computer routines developed for them; are not computerized

Description : Which of the following best expresses the difference between programmed and non-programmed decisions? (a) Occur under certainty or risk; occur under uncertainty or ambiguity (b) Made by managers ... rules cannot be developed (d) Have computer routines developed for them; are not computerized

Last Answer : (c) Handled with decision rules; decision rules cannot be developed 

To determine whether one's leadership style is task- or relationship-oriented, the leader must fill in the Least Coworker Participation (LCP) scale. (a) True ; (b) False

Description : To determine whether one's leadership style is task- or relationship-oriented, the leader must fill in the Least Coworker Participation (LCP) scale. (a) True ; (b) False

Last Answer : (b) False 

What is considered to be the most useful skill for a project manager who works in a matrix environment in order to achieve project goals? Select one: a. Leadership skill b. Influencing c. Conflict management skill d. Time management e. Planning skill

Description : What is considered to be the most useful skill for a project manager  who works in a matrix environment in order to achieve project goals? Select one: a. Leadership skill b. Influencing c. Conflict management skill d. Time management e. Planning skill

Last Answer : b. Influencing

Various moderating variables determine whether a manager will act in an ethical or unethical manner. Which of the following individual characteristics indicates the degree to which people believe they are masters of their own fate? (a) Perception ; (b) Value ; (c) Attitude ; (d) Locus of Control

Description : Various moderating variables determine whether a manager will act in an ethical or unethical manner. Which of the following individual characteristics indicates the degree to which people believe they are masters of their own fate? (a) Perception ; (b) Value ; (c) Attitude ; (d) Locus of Control 

Last Answer : (d) Locus of Control

A problem solver is a style of problem solving reflected by the manager (a) Who confronts the problem, reacts to it, and makes those changes necessary solve it. (b) Who notices a problem and does not react. (c) Who actively looks at situations, searching for problems or anticipating possible problems so that corrective action can be taken before the problem grows. ; (d) None of the above

Description : A problem solver is a style of problem solving reflected by the manager (a) Who confronts the problem, reacts to it, and makes those changes necessary solve it. (b) Who notices a problem and does ... problems so that corrective action can be taken before the problem grows. ; (d) None of the above 

Last Answer : (a) Who confronts the problem, reacts to it, and makes those changes necessary solve it. 

The ideal strategic management team DOES NOT includes…. A. Chief executive officer (CEO) B. Product managers C. Heads of functional areas D. Shop-floor managers

Description : The ideal strategic management team DOES NOT includes…. A. Chief executive officer (CEO) B. Product managers C. Heads of functional areas D. Shop-floor managers

Last Answer : Shop-floor managers

The ideal strategic management team DOES NOT includes…. A. Chief executive officer (CEO) B. Product managers C. Heads of functional areas D. Shop-floor managers

Description : The ideal strategic management team DOES NOT includes…. A. Chief executive officer (CEO) B. Product managers C. Heads of functional areas D. Shop-floor managers

Last Answer : Shop-floor managers

Strategy making process involves ------------- : A. Senior Managers and Board Members B. Managers at all levels C. Senior and Middle Managers D. Middle and Junior Management

Description : Strategy making process involves ------------- : A. Senior Managers and Board Members B. Managers at all levels C. Senior and Middle Managers D. Middle and Junior Management

Last Answer : Managers at all levels

Today‟s managers understand that the success of any effort at improving quality and productivity must include _____. (a) Quality management programs ; (b) Customer service improvements (c) Employee's participation ; (d) Manufacturing simplification

Description : Today‟s managers understand that the success of any effort at improving quality and productivity must include _____. (a) Quality management programs ; (b) Customer service improvements (c) Employee's participation ; (d) Manufacturing simplification 

Last Answer : (c) Employee's participation ;

Which management concept suggests that low-importance decisions be handled by subordinates, so that managers can focus on high-importance decisions? (a) management by objective ; (b) management by exception ; (c) Participatory management (d) inclusionary management

Description : Which management concept suggests that low-importance decisions be handled by subordinates, so that managers can focus on high-importance decisions? (a) management by objective ; (b) management by exception ; (c) Participatory management (d) inclusionary management

Last Answer : (b) management by exception ;

If a solution to a particular problem is not vital to the functioning of an organization and management is willing to overlook the causes of the conflict, managers may choose to use which type of conflict resolution? (a) Confrontation ; (b) Avoidance ; (c) Dominance ; (d) Compromise

Description : If a solution to a particular problem is not vital to the functioning of an organization and management is willing to overlook the causes of the conflict, managers may choose to use which type of conflict resolution? (a) Confrontation ; (b) Avoidance ; (c) Dominance ; (d) Compromise

Last Answer :  (b) Avoidance ;

The forecasting model that pools the opinions of a group of experts or managers is known as the……… (a) sales force composition model ; (b) jury of executive opinion model (c) consumer market survey model ; (d) management coefficients model

Description : The forecasting model that pools the opinions of a group of experts or managers is known as the……… (a) sales force composition model ; (b) jury of executive opinion model (c) consumer market survey model ; (d) management coefficients model

Last Answer : (b) jury of executive opinion model

Which of the following management substitutes is characterized by formalization, inflexibility, and closely knit work groups? (a) Characteristics of subordinates. ; (b) Characteristics of managers. (c) Characteristics of the organization. ; (d) Characteristics of task.

Description : Which of the following management substitutes is characterized by formalization, inflexibility, and closely knit work groups? (a) Characteristics of subordinates. ; (b) Characteristics of managers. (c) Characteristics of the organization. ; (d) Characteristics of task.

Last Answer : (c) Characteristics of the organization. ;

Which source of power is based on a manager's ability to punish a subordinate? (a) Coercive power ; (b) Referent power ; (c) Rewarded power ; (d) Legitimate power

Description : Which source of power is based on a manager's ability to punish a subordinate? (a) Coercive power ; (b) Referent power ; (c) Rewarded power ; (d) Legitimate power

Last Answer : (a) Coercive power ; 

Which of these statements are true, with respect to ‘Dimensions of Strategic Decisions’? A. Strategic issues require middle-management decisions B. Strategic issues require large amounts of the firm’s resources C. Strategic issues require considering only the firm’s external environment D. None of these options

Description : Which of these statements are true, with respect to Dimensions of Strategic Decisions'? A. Strategic issues require middle-management decisions B. Strategic issues require large amounts of the ... . Strategic issues require considering only the firm's external environment D. None of these options

Last Answer : Strategic issues require large amounts of the firm’s resources

Which of these statements are true, with respect to ‘Dimensions of Strategic Decisions’? A. Strategic issues require middle-management decisions B. Strategic issues require large amounts of the firm’s resources C. Strategic issues require considering only the firm’s external environment D. None of these options

Description : Which of these statements are true, with respect to Dimensions of Strategic Decisions'? A. Strategic issues require middle-management decisions B. Strategic issues require large amounts of ... Strategic issues require considering only the firm's external environment D. None of these options

Last Answer : Strategic issues require large amounts of the firm’s resources

The theory that an individual tends to act in a certain way, with the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and according to the attractiveness of the outcome is _____. (a) Equity theory ; (b) Three-needs theory ; (c) Motivation-hygiene theory (d) Expectancy theory

Description : The theory that an individual tends to act in a certain way, with the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and according to the attractiveness of the outcome is _____. (a) Equity theory ; (b) Three-needs theory ; (c) Motivation-hygiene theory (d) Expectancy theory

Last Answer : (a) Equity theory ;

An individual's perception of whether performing at a particular level will lead to attainment of a desired outcome is termed: (a) Relevance ; (b) Expectancy ; (c) Expectation ; (d) Instrumentality

Description : An individual's perception of whether performing at a particular level will lead to attainment of a desired outcome is termed: (a) Relevance ; (b) Expectancy ; (c) Expectation ; (d) Instrumentality

Last Answer : (d) Instrumentality

Hersey and Blanchard present a form of situational leadership based on the ___________ of the people the leader is attempting to influence. (a) Readiness ; (b) personality ; (c) intelligence ; (d) motivation

Description : Hersey and Blanchard present a form of situational leadership based on the ___________ of the people the leader is attempting to influence. (a) Readiness ; (b) personality ; (c) intelligence ; (d) motivation

Last Answer : (a) Readiness ;

Experience has shown that certain conditions in an organization are symptoms of possible management fraud. Which of the following conditions would not be considered an indicator of possible fraud? a. Managers are regularly assuming subordinates' duties b. Managers are subject to formal performance reviews on a regular basis. c. Managers are dealing in matters outside their profit center's scope d. Managers are not complying with corporate directives and procedures

Description : Experience has shown that certain conditions in an organization are symptoms of possible management fraud. Which of the following conditions would not be considered an indicator of possible fraud? ... their profit center's scope d. Managers are not complying with corporate directives and procedures

Last Answer : Managers are subject to formal performance reviews on a regular basis.

According to the text, the categories of antecedent conditions for conflict include all of the following except: (a) communication. ; (b) structure. ; (c) group interaction. ; (d) personal variables.

Description : According to the text, the categories of antecedent conditions for conflict include all of the following except: (a) communication. ; (b) structure. ; (c) group interaction. ; (d) personal variables.

Last Answer : (c) group interaction. ;

The auditor should not assume that management is dishonest, but the possibility of dishonesty must be considered." This is an example of a. Expectation gap. b. An attitude of professional skepticism. c. Due diligence. d. An ethical requirement

Description : The auditor should not assume that management is dishonest, but the possibility of dishonesty must be considered." This is an example of a. Expectation gap. b. An attitude of professional skepticism. c. Due diligence. d. An ethical requirement

Last Answer : An attitude of professional skepticism.

Mr. (A) is a manager in a manufacturing company, he attempts to establish a culture of quality affecting the attitudes and actions of every employee and relies on a workforce that wants to improve quality. He focuses on establishing: (a) Total Quality Management ; (b) Knowledge management ; (c) Operations Management (d) Management of Information System

Description : Mr. (A) is a manager in a manufacturing company, he attempts to establish a culture of quality affecting the attitudes and actions of every employee and relies on a workforce that wants to ... Management ; (b) Knowledge management ; (c) Operations Management (d) Management of Information System

Last Answer : (c) Operations Management

Sharon Moro, office manager at Willow Manufacturing stated, “We‟d had manufacturing work cells in place for at least two years, but change didn‟t really happen until we added teamwork.” To effectively integrate teamwork into their corporate strategy, all of the following actions were undertaken by Willow except: (a) Old ways were readily discarded. (b) Everyone’s input was sought and valued (c) Individual employee success was recognized and celebrated. (d) Employees believed in what they were doing.

Description : Sharon Moro, office manager at Willow Manufacturing stated, We d had manufacturing work cells in place for at least two years, but change didn t really happen until we added teamwork. To ... Individual employee success was recognized and celebrated. (d) Employees believed in what they were doing. 

Last Answer : (c) Individual employee success was recognized and celebrated.

Jenkins is a small retail chain in South Wales. When considering changes in its marketing strategy, the firm's management looks only at changes in shopper attitudes and spending patterns. With regard to responding to environemntal forces Smith's approach can best be described as? A)passive and proactive B)aggressive and proactive C)dominant and proactive D)passive and reactive

Description : Jenkins is a small retail chain in South Wales. When considering changes in its marketing strategy, the firm's management looks only at changes in shopper attitudes and spending patterns. With ... )passive and proactive B)aggressive and proactive C)dominant and proactive D)passive and reactive

Last Answer : D)passive and reactive

Approximately what percentage of the project manager's time is spent in some form of communication, such as: conferences, meetings, writing memos, reading and preparing reports, and talking with project team members, upper management, and all other stalk holders? 1. 10-20% 2. 50-70% 3. 75-90% 4. 21-45%

Description : Approximately what percentage of the project manager's time is spent in some form of  communication, such as: conferences, meetings, writing memos, reading and preparing reports, and talking with project  team members, upper ... other stalk holders? 1. 10-20%  2. 50-70%  3. 75-90%  4. 21-45%

Last Answer : 3. 75-90%

If the average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition and wants security above all, the management attitude would be: (a) Theory Y manager ; (b) Theory X manager ; (c) Theory Z manager ; (d) All of the given options

Description : If the average human being prefers to be directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively little ambition and wants security above all, the management attitude would be: (a) Theory Y manager ; (b) Theory X manager ; (c) Theory Z manager ; (d) All of the given options 

Last Answer : (b) Theory X manager ;

In -------------- theory management assumes that employees may be ambitious, self-motivated, and anxious to accept greater responsibility, and exercise self-control, self-direction, autonomy and empowerment. (a) Theory Y manager ; (b) Theory X manager ; (c) Theory Z manager ; (d) All of the above

Description : In -------------- theory management assumes that employees may be ambitious, self-motivated, and anxious to accept greater responsibility, and exercise self-control, self-direction, autonomy and empowerment. (a) Theory Y manager ; (b) Theory X manager ; (c) Theory Z manager ; (d) All of the above

Last Answer :  (d) All of the above

What is the term used to define the number of subordinates directly controlled by a manager? (a) Division management ; (b) Departmentation ; (c) Investment span ; (d) Span of management

Description : What is the term used to define the number of subordinates directly controlled by a manager? (a) Division management ; (b) Departmentation ; (c) Investment span ; (d) Span of management

Last Answer : (d) Span of management 

When a subordinate or lower level manager passes information or offers suggestions to higher level management, they're using which level of communication? (a) Upward communication ; (b) Downward communication ; (c) Lateral communication (d) Diagonal communication

Description : When a subordinate or lower level manager passes information or offers suggestions to higher level management, they're using which level of communication? (a) Upward communication ; (b) Downward communication ; (c) Lateral communication (d) Diagonal communication

Last Answer : (a) Upward communication ;

The Behavioral approach to management focused on: (a) The worker ; (b) The manager ; (c) The owner ; (d) None of the above.

Description : The Behavioral approach to management focused on: (a) The worker ; (b) The manager ; (c) The owner ; (d) None of the above. 

Last Answer : (a) The worker ;

The General Manager‟s meeting was most likely a result of the following management function: (a) Organizing ; (b) Planning ; (c) Decision-Making ; (d) Controlling

Description : The General Manager‟s meeting was most likely a result of the following management function: (a) Organizing ; (b) Planning ; (c) Decision-Making ; (d) Controlling

Last Answer : ; (c) Decision-Making ;

An intuitive manager could best be described as one who: A)uses scientific problem solving B)eliminates uncertainty in decision making C)searches out facts and data systematically D)uses an orderly approach to gathering information E)uses personal knowledge and experience to make decisions

Description : An intuitive manager could best be described as one who: A)uses scientific problem solving B)eliminates uncertainty in decision making C)searches out facts and data systematically D)uses an orderly approach to gathering information E)uses personal knowledge and experience to make decisions

Last Answer : E)uses personal knowledge and experience to make decisions

Within an organisation, leadership influence will be dependent upon the type of ________ that the leader can exercise over the followers. (a) Power ; (b) friendship ; (c) knowledge ; (d) delegation [hint: Within an organisation, leadership influence will be dependent upon the type of power that a leader can exercise over followers. The exercise of power is a social process which helps to explain how different people can influence the behaviour/actions of others.]

Description : Within an organisation, leadership influence will be dependent upon the type of ________ that the leader can exercise over the followers. (a) Power ; (b) friendship ; (c) knowledge ; (d) ... a social process which helps to explain how different people can influence the behaviour/actions of others.]

Last Answer : (a) Power ;

Expert power is the power that comes from the amount of knowledge a person has obtained in a specific area. This type ofpower is: 1. Critical to a project manager because the PM has to have as much or more knowledge than any of the team members tomake sure the project is completed successfully 2. Used by the PM to influence upper management and the critical stakeholders 3. Important if the project manager wants to maintain the respect of the project team 4. Used sparingly if at all by the PM because the PM cannot stay current on all areas of expertise and also manage the project

Description : Expert power is the power that comes from the amount of knowledge a person has obtained in  a specific area. This type ofpower is: 1. Critical to a project manager because the PM has to have ... by the PM because the PM cannot stay current on all areas of  expertise and also manage the project

Last Answer : 4. Used sparingly if at all by the PM because the PM cannot stay current on all areas of  expertise and also manage the project