Define: i) Mean sea level, ii) Station point.

Define: i) Mean sea level, ii) Station point. 
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Answer :

i) M.S.L: Mean sea level is the average height of the sea for all stages of tides. It is determined by averaging the hourly tide heights over a long period of 19 years at a place. 

ii) Station Point : Station point is that point whose elevation is to be determined or station point is a point which is to be established at a given elevation or it is a point where the Staff is held 
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Description : Define the terms - Foresight, back sight, intermediate sight and change point.

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State the important points kept in mind while recording the readings in level pages with respect first reading, intermediate readings, last reading, and change point, carry forward from one page to next page - Remarks.

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Description : Define true bearing and magnetic bearing.

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Define surveying.

Description : Define surveying.

Last Answer : Surveying- It is branch of civil engineering in which relative positions of ground points are determined by taking linear and angular measurement.

Define- 1. Whole circle bearing 2. Reduced bearing 3. Fore bearing 4. Back bearing

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Description : Define surveying & state its objectives

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Description : Define orientation and principle of plane tabling. 

Last Answer : Orientation: The orientation of plane table means keeping the plane table at all stations parallel to the position it occupied at first station. Principles of plane table survey: 1. The rays drawn from ... same as that of previous station i.e. orientation should be done at each changed station.  

Define base line and check line with neat sketch.

Description : Define base line and check line with neat sketch. 

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Define ‘ Fore bearing ’ & ‘ back bearing ’ of line with a neat sketch

Description : Define ‘ Fore bearing ’ & ‘ back bearing ’ of line with a neat sketch

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Define the terms - dip of needle, magnetic bearing, fore bearing and back bearing.

Description : Define the terms - dip of needle, magnetic bearing, fore bearing and back bearing.

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State any four types of offsets and define them.

Description : State any four types of offsets and define them. 

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Define the term – base line and check line.

Description : Define the term – base line and check line.

Last Answer : Base line: Base line is generally the longest line running roughly through the middle of the area. It is laid on a level ground as far as possible. The whole frame work is built upon this line. ... point on the opposite side or a line joining some fixed point on any two sides of the triangle.

Define the following: (i) Height of instrument (i) Back sight (iii) Fore sight (iv) Axis of bubble tube

Description : Define the following: (i) Height of instrument (i) Back sight (iii) Fore sight (iv) Axis of bubble tube

Last Answer : i. Height of instrument: It is the reduced level of line of collimation when the leveling instrument is properly leveled. It is obtained by adding the BS reading to RL of bench mark or change point on which the ... when the bubble is at the center of its run i.e. at middle point of the tube.

Define Local attraction.

Description : Define Local attraction.

Last Answer : Local attraction – when magnetic needle does not remain in N-S direction due to effect of magnetic substances present around the compass, such error at station is known as local attraction. 

Define Ranging. State types of ranging.

Description : Define Ranging. State types of ranging.

Last Answer : Ranging: It is process of locating points on ground along straight line. Types of ranging: 1. Direct ranging. 2. Indirect ranging

Define bench mark and enlist the types of bench mark.

Description : Define bench mark and enlist the types of bench mark.

Last Answer : It is fixed reference point of known or assumed elevation. It is used either as a starting point for levelling or as a check while closing. There are four kinds of bench marks. i. Great ... ) bench mark. ii. Permanent bench mark. iii. Arbitrary bench mark. iv. Temporary bench mark.

Define leveling.

Description : Define leveling.

Last Answer : Levelling is an ‘art of determining relative heights or elevations of different points on the earth’s surface so that the same may be represented on a plan or map’. It is essentially a process dealing with the measurements in vertical plane.

Define 1)Ranging 2)Chaining

Description : Define 1)Ranging 2)Chaining

Last Answer : 1) Ranging The method of establishing intermediate points on a straight line between the two fixed points is known as ranging. 2)Chaining The method of measuring the distance with the chain or tape is called as Chaining.

State the fundamental axes and mention their relationship for a dumpy level.

Description : State the fundamental axes and mention their relationship for a dumpy level.

Last Answer : Fundamental axis of dumpy level are as follows; i) The vertical axis ii) The axis of bubble tube iii) The line of collimation iv) The axis of the telescope Relationship between ... iii) Axis of telescope and line of collimation should coincide when dumpy level is correctly leveled.

Draw a sketch and explain how to find height of chajja or slab using dumpy level.

Description : Draw a sketch and explain how to find height of chajja or slab using dumpy level.

Last Answer : Explanation : 1. First the back sight reading is taken on floor level whose RL is known to us; from which RL of instrument axis can be find out by adding RL of BM and BS reading. 2. Now ... staff reading. 4. Finally height of chajja is calculated as RL of slab bottom -  RL of floor top.

State fundamental lines and their relationships with each other of dumpy level.

Description : State fundamental lines and their relationships with each other of dumpy level.

Last Answer : Fundamental axes of dumpy level : i) The vertical axis ii) The axis of bubble tube iii) The line of collimation iv) The axis of the telescope Relations of Fundamental axes : i) The ... to the axis of the bubble tube. iii) Axis of telescope and line of collimation should coincide.

State fundamental axis of dumpy level and give their relationship

Description : State fundamental axis of dumpy level and give their relationship 

Last Answer : Fundamental axes of dumpy level : i) The vertical axis ii) The axis of bubble tube iii) The line of collimation iv) The axis of the telescope Relations of Fundamental axes : i) The ... parallel to the axis of the bubble tube. iii) Axis of telescope and line of collimation should coincide. 

State advantages of Auto-Level over dumpy level.

Description : State advantages of Auto-Level over dumpy level. 

Last Answer : 1) Auto level gives quick and easy leveling with less effort than dumpy level. 2) It is most accurate and precise which gives least error about 0.5 to 0.8 in 5 km. 3) It is simply ... readings to read; which reflects inverted in some dumpy level. 5) It gives more operational comfort to surveyor. 

What is Level surface & Datum surface

Description : What is Level surface & Datum surface

Last Answer : Level surface : It is surface parallel to the mean spheroidal surface of the earth.  It is normal to the direction of plumb line at all points. Datum surface : It is an arbitrary level ... may be referred. Vertical distances (elevations) of the points are measured with respect to this datum.

State and explain temporary adjustments of dumpy level.

Description : State and explain temporary adjustments of dumpy level.

Last Answer : 1. Setting up the level. a. The level fixed on tripod. b. The legs of tripod stand are well spread so that the level will remain stable on tripod. c. Bring all the three foot screws ... screw till the image is distinct and clear. The cross hair on the diaphragm should also be seen clearly. 

State any two desired relationship between fundamental axes of dumpy level.

Description : State any two desired relationship between fundamental axes of dumpy level.

Last Answer : Following are the desired relationship between fundamental axes of dumpy level. 1. The axis of level tube should be perpendicular to the vertical axis. 2. The line of collimation should be parallel to ... of bubble (level) tube. 3. Axis of telescope and line of collimation should be coinciding.

State four advantages of auto level.

Description : State four advantages of auto level.

Last Answer : Advantages of auto level: 1. More precise/accurate leveling can be done using these levels. 2. The telescope of this instrument needs only be approximately leveled over the tripod and then the ... it reduces operational fatigue. 5. Clear and erect image. 6. Light weight and compact.