Define the following terms: (i) Level surface {ii) Datum line (iii) Reduced level (iv) Axis of telescope

Define the following terms: (i) Level surface {ii) Datum line (iii) Reduced level (iv) Axis of telescope
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1 Answer

Answer :

i)Level Surface : Any surface is parallel to mean spheroidal surface of earth is said to be a level surface. The water surface of still lake is also considered to be level surface.

ii) Datum line: This is an imaginary line from which the vertical distances of different points (above or below the line)are measured.

iii) Reduce Level: The vertical distance of point above or below the datum line is known as reduce level (RL)of that point.

IV) Axis Of Telescope: This axis is an imaginary line passing through the optical Centre of object glass and optical Centre of the eye piece.
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Related questions

Define the terms i) Fore Bearing, ii) Open traverse, iii) Closing error, iv) Reduced bearing

Description : Define the terms i) Fore Bearing, ii) Open traverse, iii) Closing error, iv) Reduced bearing

Last Answer : i) Fore bearing : The bearing observed in the direction of progress of survey in clockwise manner is called fore bearing  ii) Open traverse : When the first and last survey lines does ... north or south direction in clockwise or anticlockwise manner is known as reduced or quadrantal bearing. 

Define : 1) Bench mark 2) Datum surface 3) Line of collimation 4) Change Point

Description : Define : 1) Bench mark 2) Datum surface 3) Line of collimation 4) Change Point 

Last Answer : 1) Bench mark: - It is a fixed reference point of known elevation.. 2)Datum surface :-It is any arbitrarily assumed level surface from which vertical distance are measured 3) Line of collimation:- ... which the fore and back sights are taken.  It is the point denoting the shifting of the level.

Define: i) Level Line, ii) Horizontal Line, iii) Vertical Line iv) Bench Mark.

Description : Define: i) Level Line, ii) Horizontal Line, iii) Vertical Line iv) Bench Mark. 

Last Answer : j) Level Line: It is line lying in a level surface; it is therefore, normal to the plumb line at all points. ii) Horizontal Line: It is a straight line tangential to the level line at a ... RL determined with reference to the datum line. They serve as reference points for finding RL of new points. 

What is Level surface & Datum surface

Description : What is Level surface & Datum surface

Last Answer : Level surface : It is surface parallel to the mean spheroidal surface of the earth.  It is normal to the direction of plumb line at all points. Datum surface : It is an arbitrary level ... may be referred. Vertical distances (elevations) of the points are measured with respect to this datum.

Defines the terms : i) Survey Station ii) Survey Line iii)Offset iv)Triangulation

Description : Defines the terms : i) Survey Station ii) Survey Line iii)Offset iv)Triangulation 

Last Answer : i) Survey Station : It is the point on ground from which various observations are taken around it. ii) Survey Line : It is the straight line joining two successive survey stations ... iv)Triangulation : The frame work consist of number of connected well conditional triangle is called Triangulation.

Define the following: (i) Height of instrument (i) Back sight (iii) Fore sight (iv) Axis of bubble tube

Description : Define the following: (i) Height of instrument (i) Back sight (iii) Fore sight (iv) Axis of bubble tube

Last Answer : i. Height of instrument: It is the reduced level of line of collimation when the leveling instrument is properly leveled. It is obtained by adding the BS reading to RL of bench mark or change point on which the ... when the bubble is at the center of its run i.e. at middle point of the tube.

Define- 1. Datum 2. Change point

Description : Define- 1. Datum 2. Change point

Last Answer : 1. Datum- It is the imaginary level surface or level line from which the vertical distance of different points are measured.  2. Change point- It is the point at which both back sight and foresight readings are taken before and after shifting the level instrument. 

Define: i) W.C.B. ii) Reduced Bearing

Description : Define: i) W.C.B. ii) Reduced Bearing

Last Answer : i)Whole circle bearing: The bearing measures only in the clockwise direction from meridian or north direction is known as whole circle bearing.   ii) Reduced bearing: The bearing measured ... north or south direction in clockwise or anticlockwise manner is known as reduced or quadrant bearing 

State the purposes of following methods of leveling. i)Profile leveling, ii)Fly leveling, iii)Check leveling iv)Reciprocal leveling

Description : State the purposes of following methods of leveling. i)Profile leveling, ii)Fly leveling, iii)Check leveling iv)Reciprocal leveling

Last Answer : 1. Profile leveling- To determine the undulation of ground surface along given line for alignment of road, canal or pipe, railway line 2. Fly leveling-It is used to for connecting B.M. to ... is used to find the difference in leveling between two points two point obstructed due to river or pond.

Write the functions of the following components of prismatic compass i) Prism, ii) Lifting pin, iii) Prism cap, iv) Agate cap

Description : Write the functions of the following components of prismatic compass i) Prism, ii) Lifting pin, iii) Prism cap, iv) Agate cap

Last Answer : i) Prism: Reading printed on horizontal face of compass ring can be read from vertical position  ii) Lifting pin: When the instrument not in use the sight vane passes against the lifting pin which lift ... piece of hard glass provided on top of pivoted point, to reduce wear and tear of the point

Write the code of signals used in ranging with respect to : i) Correct position ii) Fix the ranging rod iii) Vertical position of ranging rod iv) Move slowly to left of observer

Description : Write the code of signals used in ranging with respect to : i) Correct position ii) Fix the ranging rod iii) Vertical position of ranging rod iv) Move slowly to left of observer 

Last Answer : i) Correct position : Both hands above Head and then Brought Down ii) Fix the ranging rod : Both Arms extended forward horizontally and the hands depressed briskly iii) Vertical position of ranging rod : 1 ... and moved to the Left iv) Move slowly to left of observer : Slow sweeps with Left Hand

What are the objectives of following one each. i)Topographic Survey ii)Cadastral Survey iii)Engineering Survey iv)Mine Survey

Description : What are the objectives of following one each. i)Topographic Survey ii)Cadastral Survey iii)Engineering Survey iv)Mine Survey

Last Answer : i) Topographic Survey : To determine natural features like river, streams , lakes , hills etc and artificial features like roads , railways , canal , town and villages .  ii) Cadastral ... Mine Survey :To explore mineral deposits and to guide tunneling and other operations associated with mining. 

Draw Conventional symbol for i) Embankment ii) Pond or Lake iii) Tunnel iv) Compound Wall

Description : Draw Conventional symbol for i) Embankment ii) Pond or Lake iii) Tunnel iv) Compound Wall

Last Answer : Conventional symbol for i) Embankment ii) Pond or Lake iii) Tunnel iv) Compound Wall

Draw conventional symbol for: i. Cutting ii. Road with bridge iii. Orchard iv. river

Description : Draw conventional symbol for: i. Cutting ii. Road with bridge iii. Orchard iv. river

Last Answer : conventional symbol for: i. Cutting ii. Road with bridge iii. Orchard iv. river

State the uses of following instruments in survey: i)Cross staff ii) Chain iii) Pegs iv) Arrows

Description : State the uses of following instruments in survey: i)Cross staff ii) Chain iii) Pegs iv) Arrows

Last Answer : i) Cross-Staff: To set up perpendicular or right angle to given chain line OR to find foot of perpendicular from given object to a chain line. ii) Chain: Chains are used for measuring distances. iii) ... on survey lines. iv) Arrows : They are used to mark the end of each chain during chaining. 

Write the uses of following survey instruments i) Ranging Rod ii) Pegs iii) Cross-staff iv) Plumb bob

Description : Write the uses of following survey instruments i) Ranging Rod ii) Pegs iii) Cross-staff iv) Plumb bob

Last Answer : i) Ranging Rod : Ranging rod are used for ranging. ii) Pegs : Pegs are used for marking the positions of stations or terminals points of survey lines. iii) Cross-staff : It is used ... It is also used for accurate centering of the surveying instruments like theodolite, compass, plane table etc. 

Find the back bearing of the following lines having fore bearing as given below: (i) PQ = N 55° 0' E (ii) EF == 280° 0' (iii) CD = S 58° 30' W (iv) OM= 180° 0'

Description : Find the back bearing of the following lines having fore bearing as given below: (i) PQ = N 55° 0' E (ii) EF == 280° 0' (iii) CD = S 58° 30' W (iv) OM= 180° 0'

Last Answer : i) F.B OF PQ = N 55°0 ’ E  B.B Of PQ = S 55°0 ’W  ii) F.B. Of EF = 280°0 ’   B.B OF EF = F.B -180°= 280°0 ’ -180° = 100°0 ’  iii) F.B OF CD = S 58°30’W  B.B OF CD = N 58°30’ E  iv) F.B OF GH = 180°  B.B OF GH = F.B -180°=180°-180°= 0°

Define the term: (1) Level surface (2) Line of collimation

Description : Define the term: (1) Level surface (2) Line of collimation

Last Answer : Level surface: It is a surface parallel to the mean spheroidal surface of the earth. It is normal to the direction of plumb line at all points. The surface of still water is an example of level ... to the optical center of object glass and its continuation. It is also called as line of sight. 

Define- 1. Whole circle bearing 2. Reduced bearing 3. Fore bearing 4. Back bearing

Description : Define- 1. Whole circle bearing 2. Reduced bearing 3. Fore bearing 4. Back bearing

Last Answer : 1.Whole circle bearing-  The bearing measures only in the clockwise direction from meridian or north direction is known as whole circle bearing. 2.Reduced bearing  The bearing measures with ... bearing  The bearing observed in the direction of opposite of survey is called fore bearing. 

Define: i) Mean sea level, ii) Station point.

Description : Define: i) Mean sea level, ii) Station point. 

Last Answer : i) M.S.L: Mean sea level is the average height of the sea for all stages of tides. It is determined by averaging the hourly tide heights over a long period of 19 years at a place.  ii) Station ... is a point which is to be established at a given elevation or it is a point where the Staff is held 

State fundamental axis of dumpy level and give their relationship

Description : State fundamental axis of dumpy level and give their relationship 

Last Answer : Fundamental axes of dumpy level : i) The vertical axis ii) The axis of bubble tube iii) The line of collimation iv) The axis of the telescope Relations of Fundamental axes : i) The ... parallel to the axis of the bubble tube. iii) Axis of telescope and line of collimation should coincide. 

Define the following terms: i) Level line ii) Bench Mark iii) Change point iv) Profile levelling

Description : Define the following terms: i) Level line ii) Bench Mark iii) Change point iv) Profile levelling

Last Answer : i) Level line - It is line lying in a level surface; it is therefore, normal to the plumb line at all points. ii) Bench Mark - These are fixed points or marks of known RL determined with ... the centerline of a proposed ditch or road or the centerline of a natural feature such as a stream bed.

Define the terms - Foresight, back sight, intermediate sight and change point.

Description : Define the terms - Foresight, back sight, intermediate sight and change point.

Last Answer : 1. Fore sight: It is the last staff reading from any set up of the leveling instrument and indicates the shifting of the instrument or end of leveling work. 2. Back sight: It is the first staff reading ... point fore sight is taken from one set up and a back sight is taken from the nest set up. 

Define the terms - dip of needle, magnetic bearing, fore bearing and back bearing.

Description : Define the terms - dip of needle, magnetic bearing, fore bearing and back bearing.

Last Answer : Dip of needle: It is downward inclination or small angle made by freely suspended magnetic needle with the horizontal. Magnetic bearing: Magnetic bearing of a survey line is the horizontal angle ... of line measured in backward direction or opposite direction of survey, is known as back bearing.

Differentiate between reduced bearing and whole circle bearing

Description : Differentiate between reduced bearing and whole circle bearing

Last Answer : Quadrantal Bearing/Reduced Bearing Whole Circle Bearing The horizontal angle made by a line with the magnetic north or south (whichever is closer from the line) in the eastward or westward direction ... from 0° to 90°  The value of the whole circle bearing varies from 0° to 360° 

Define : i) Traversing ii) Magnetic Meridian

Description : Define : i) Traversing ii) Magnetic Meridian

Last Answer : i) Traversing : Traversing is the series of survey lines connecting successive established traverse stations along the route of survey  ii) Magnetic Meridian : The direction indicated by ... and properly balanced Magnetic needle unaffected by local attractive force is called magnetic meridian.

Define: i) Open Traverse ii) Closed Traverse.

Description : Define: i) Open Traverse ii) Closed Traverse. 

Last Answer : i) Open traverse: When the first and last survey lines does not meets at common point and hence does not form a closed polygon, then it is said to be open traverse.  ii) Closed Traverse: When last and first survey stations meet at common point, traverse is called as closed traverse.

Define: (i) Long offset (ii) Short offset

Description : Define: (i) Long offset (ii) Short offset

Last Answer : i. Long offset: The offset whose length is more than 15 m. ii. Short offset: The offset whose length is less than or equal to 15 m.

Define: (i) True meridian (ii) Magnetic meridian

Description : Define: (i) True meridian (ii) Magnetic meridian

Last Answer : i. True meridian: It is line of intersection of plane passing through North Pole, South Pole and point under consideration.  ii. Magnetic meridian: Magnetic meridian at point is direction shown by freely suspended magnetic needle at that point.

Define horizontal line and vertical line.

Description : Define horizontal line and vertical line.

Last Answer : Horizontal line : A straight line tangential to the level line and perpendicular to the plumb line is called horizontal line.  Vertical line : A line perpendicular to horizontal line and coinciding plumb line is known as vertical line

Define base line and check line with neat sketch.

Description : Define base line and check line with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : 1)Base Line : The longest line running roughly through the middle of the area to be surveyed is known as base line 2) Check line: The line joining the apex of a triangle to some fixed point on the ... A line joining some fixed point on any two sides of a triangle is known as check line. 

Define ‘ Fore bearing ’ & ‘ back bearing ’ of line with a neat sketch

Description : Define ‘ Fore bearing ’ & ‘ back bearing ’ of line with a neat sketch

Last Answer : Fore bearing : The bearing of line observed in the direction of progress of survey is called fore bearing of the line. Bearing of line AB is observed at A' towards B' is called as fore bearing of the line ... The bearing observed at B' towards A' is called as back bearing of the line AB'  

Define the term – base line and check line.

Description : Define the term – base line and check line.

Last Answer : Base line: Base line is generally the longest line running roughly through the middle of the area. It is laid on a level ground as far as possible. The whole frame work is built upon this line. ... point on the opposite side or a line joining some fixed point on any two sides of the triangle.

Describe in brief with neat sketch: i) Base line ii) Check line

Description : Describe in brief with neat sketch: i) Base line ii) Check line

Last Answer : i) Base line:  Base line is generally the longest line running roughly through the middle of the area. It is laid on a level ground as far as possible. The whole frame work is built upon this line. ... on the opposite side or a line joining some fixed point on any two sides of the triangle. 

The length of line measured with a chain was found to be 250m. Calculate the true length of line if i) The length was measured with 30 m chain and the chain was 10cm too long and ii) The length of chain was 30 m in the beginning and 30.10 m at the end of the work.

Description : The length of line measured with a chain was found to be 250m. Calculate the true length of line if i) The length was measured with 30 m chain and the chain was 10cm too long and ii) The length of chain was 30 m in the beginning and 30.10 m at the end of the work. 

Last Answer : Given Data: L = 30 m Measured Length = 250 m Solution: Case i) The length was measured with 30 m chain and the chain was 10cm too long L' = 30 + 0.1 = 30.1 m Correct Distance = (L'/L) x Measured Length ... = 30.05 m Correct Distance = (L'/L) x Measured Length  = (30.05/30) x 250  = 250.42 m

A relatively fixed point of known elevation above datum, is called (A) Bench mark (B) Datum point (C) Reduced level (D) Reference point

Description : A relatively fixed point of known elevation above datum, is called (A) Bench mark (B) Datum point (C) Reduced level (D) Reference point

Last Answer : (A) Bench mark

Pick up the correct statement from the following: (A) The lines of sight while observing back sight and fore sight lie in the same horizontal plane (B) The staff readings are measurements made vertically downwards from a horizontal plane (C) The horizontal plane with reference to which staff readings are taken, coincides with the level surface through the telescope axis (D) All the above

Description : Pick up the correct statement from the following: (A) The lines of sight while observing back sight and fore sight lie in the same horizontal plane (B) The staff readings are measurements made ... readings are taken, coincides with the level surface through the telescope axis (D) All the above

Last Answer : (D) All the above

Explain the terms magnetic declination and dip of needle.

Description : Explain the terms magnetic declination and dip of needle.

Last Answer : Magnetic Declination: The horizontal angle between the magnetic meridian and true meridian is known as magnetic declination. When the north end of magnetic needle is pointed towards west side of ... needle is deflected downwards and southern hemisphere south end of the needle is deflected downwards.

In an adjusted level, when the bubble is central, the axis of the bubble tube becomes parallel to (A) Line of sight (B) Line of collimation (C) Axis of the telescope (D) None of these

Description : In an adjusted level, when the bubble is central, the axis of the bubble tube becomes parallel to (A) Line of sight (B) Line of collimation (C) Axis of the telescope (D) None of these

Last Answer : (A) Line of sight

When the bubble of the level tube of a level, remains central (A) Line of sight is horizontal (B) Axis of the telescope is horizontal (C) Line of collimation is horizontal (D) Geometrical axis of the telescope is horizontal

Description : When the bubble of the level tube of a level, remains central (A) Line of sight is horizontal (B) Axis of the telescope is horizontal (C) Line of collimation is horizontal (D) Geometrical axis of the telescope is horizontal

Last Answer : (A) Line of sight is horizontal

Define fly leveling and profile leveling

Description : Define fly leveling and profile leveling

Last Answer : Fly Leveling adopted to transfer bench marks from one place to other .In this leveling only FS & BS are taken.  Profile leveling:- The operation in which the object is to determine the ... known distanced apart along a given line to obtained the accurate outline of the surface of the ground 

Define: WCB and Quadrantal Bearing system

Description : Define: WCB and Quadrantal Bearing system

Last Answer : Ans.: 1)WCB:-In this system the bearing of a line is always measured clockwise for the north point of the reference meridian towards the line round the circle the angle thus measured is called ... the bearing of a line is measured clockwise from the north point or south point whichever is nearest .

Define orientation. State two methods of orientation. Which method is most accurate and why?

Description : Define orientation. State two methods of orientation. Which method is most accurate and why? 

Last Answer : Orientation is the process of keeping plane table in same position as that is occupied in previous station. Methods of orientation: i) Magnetic meridian method using trough compass ii) Back ... and not by using trough compass. Therefore there is no error occurring due to local attraction.

Define Dip and deflection of needle.

Description : Define Dip and deflection of needle.

Last Answer : Dip of the magnetic needle: It is the upward or downward movement of magnetic needle in vertical plane due to earth's gravitational force is known as dip of needle. Deflection of needle : ... west direction, that horizontal angle between magnetic and true north is said to be declination of needle.

Define Change point and its necessity in leveling.

Description : Define Change point and its necessity in leveling.

Last Answer : Change point : It is the point at which both backsight and foresight readings are taken before and after shifting the level instrument. Necessity of change point in leveling : It is ... observations from single station due to large area, abrupt ground level variation and unavoidable obstruction. 

Define local attraction. State two causes of local attraction.

Description : Define local attraction. State two causes of local attraction.

Last Answer : Local attraction: It is the deviation or deflection of magnetic needle from its normal position under influence of external magnetic forces is called as local attraction. Causes of local attraction : 1. Iron ... structure 2. Electric cable line 3. High voltage current 4. Bunch of key 5. Steel Tape 

Define true bearing and magnetic bearing.

Description : Define true bearing and magnetic bearing.

Last Answer : 1. True bearing – (i) The angle between true meridian or geographical north and any line known as true bearing. 2.Magnetic bearing-(i)The angle between magnetic meridian and any line is known as magnetic bearing.

Define surveying.

Description : Define surveying.

Last Answer : Surveying- It is branch of civil engineering in which relative positions of ground points are determined by taking linear and angular measurement.

Define surveying & state its objectives

Description : Define surveying & state its objectives

Last Answer : Surveying- It is branch of civil engineering in which relative positions of ground points are determined by taking linear and angular measurement. Objectives: 1. To determine the relative positions of ... quantities 4. To prepare a topographical map showing details of hills, valleys and rivers.