Description : Which of the following statements best describes a lead compound? a) A compound that contains the element lead b) A compound from the research laboratory that is chosen to go forward for preclinical and ... of a drug. d) The first compound of a structural class of compounds to reach the market.
Last Answer : c) A molecule that shows some activity or property of interest and serves as the starting point for the development of a drug.
Description : What are Good Clinical Practices? a. Regulations set in place by Government that how clinical trials are supposed to be managed. b. Clinical practices that adhere to the best standards of ... practice during clinical trials d. The FDA's requirements for how trials are conducted and documented
Last Answer : d. The FDA’s requirements for how trials are conducted and documented
Description : GCP are seen in all of the following except a) Phase I trial b) Phase II trial c) Preclinical trials d) Phase IV trial
Last Answer : c) Preclinical trials
Description : ______________ of clinical trial involves first time human trial in a small number of patients. a Phase I b Phase II c Phase III d Phase IV
Last Answer : a Phase I
Description : What is informed consent in a clinical trial? a) The subjects do not know which study treatment they receive b) Patients injected with placebo and active doses c) Fake treatment d) Signed document of the recruited patient for the clinical trial procedures
Last Answer : d) Signed document of the recruited patient for the clinical trial procedures
Description : Science of collecting, monitoring, researching, assessing and evaluating information from healthcare providers and patients on the adverse effects of medications is known as a) Pharmacovigilance. b) Clinical Trails. c) Observational study. d) Qualitative study.
Last Answer : a) Pharmacovigilance.
Description : The sponsor in clinical study is a) Country. b) Organisation. c) Society. d) Cohort.
Last Answer : b) Organisation.
Description : ___________ absorption in infants and children is noticeably faster than in neonatal period. a) Oral. b) Topical c) Intravenous. d) Intramuscular.
Last Answer : a) Oral.
Description : Which is person responsible for the conduct of the clinical trial at a trial site? a) Clinical Research Coordinator b) Monitor c) Investigator d) Sponsor
Last Answer : c) Investigator
Description : According to the principles of ICH GCP, what is the most important consideration when conducting a clinical trial? A. data accuracy B. protection of trial subjects C. Process adherence D. Statistical quality checks
Last Answer : B. protection of trial subjects
Description : Autonomy in clinical studied is defined as a) Freedom, dignity and confidentiality of the subject; right to choose i.e. whether or not to participate in the trial or to continue with ... . d) Observance of fairness, honesty and impartiality in obtaining, analyzing & communicating the data.
Last Answer : a) Freedom, dignity and confidentiality of the subject; right to choose i.e. whether or not to participate in the trial or to continue with it.
Description : Which of the following responsibility of the clinical pharmacist is in direct patient care area? a) Supervision of drug administration techniques. b) Providing drug information to physicians and ... of each patient's drug administration forms periodically to ensure all doses have been administered.
Last Answer : d) Reviewing of each patient’s drug administration forms periodically to ensure all doses have been administered.
Description : Geriatric population should be included in the following Phase of clinical trials (A) Phase I (B) Phase II (C) Phase III (D) Phase
Last Answer : (B) Phase II
Description : How many people will be selected for phase II trial? a) The whole market will be under surveillance b) 500-3000 people c) 100-300 people d) 20-50 people
Last Answer : c) 100-300 people
Description : ___________ drug is usually avoided with breastfeeding. a) Ibuprofen b) propranalol c) Methotrexate d) Naproxe
Last Answer : c) Methotrexate
Description : Side effects of Valproic acid is ___________ a) Rhinitis b) Thrombocytopenia c) Hypothyroidism d) Confusion
Last Answer : b) Thrombocytopenia
Description : ___________ antidiabetic drug is preferred for elderly patient a) Gliclazide b) Glibencamide c) Metformin d) Pioglitazone
Last Answer : a) Gliclazide
Description : ___________ is an example of latent adverse drug reactions. a) Antibiotic-associated diarrhea b) Tardive dyskinesia c) Serum sickness d) Severe bronchoconstriction
Last Answer : D
Description : ___________ commonly reported ADR of diureticclass of drugs. a) Hypokalemia b) Alopecia c) Skin disorder d) Rhinitis
Last Answer : a) Hypokalemia
Description : ___________ is contraindicated during pregnancy due to its Teratogenicity. a) Folic acid b) Calcium c) Retinol d) Iron
Last Answer : c) Retinol
Description : ___________ is indicated in agitation and restlessness in the elderly, despite the high incidence of extrapyramidal side-effects. a) Prochlorperazine b) Clozapine c) Haloperidol d) Flupentixol
Last Answer : c) Haloperidol
Description : ___________ is an example of Category X drugs a) Diclofenac b) Ranitidine c) Lorazepam d) Paracetamol
Last Answer : c) Lorazepam
Description : ___________ antihypertensive therapy should be avoided in type-1 diabetes mellitus a) ACE inhibitors b) High dose diuretics c) Centrally acting d) calcium channel blockers
Last Answer : c) Centrally acting
Description : The incidence ADR is highest in ___________. a) Children b) Elderly c) Women d) Men
Last Answer : b) Elderly
Description : ___________ drug can cause lactic acidosis. a) Metformin b) Pioglitazone c) Repaglinide d) Glibenclamide
Last Answer : a) Metformin
Description : Which of the following patients are at the highest risk of suffering from an adverse drug reaction? a) An 8 month year old infant receiving a prescription for an antibiotic. b) A 22 year old patient ... ACE Inhibitor. d) A 68 year old patient who has oedema receiving a prescription for a diuretic.
Last Answer : d) A 68 year old patient who has oedema receiving a prescription for a diuretic.
Description : A 75-year-old man had been receiving gentamicin (an aminoglycoside antibiotic) to treat an urinary tract infection. After three months of therapy patient's serum creatinine levels were 10 mg/ ... Type II allergic reaction b)Type III allergic reaction c) Pseudo allergic reaction d) Overdose toxicity
Last Answer : d) Overdose toxicity
Description : Which is appropriate description of Average Costs? a) The value of opportunities which have been lost by utilizing resources in particular service or health technology. b) The total costs (i.e. all the ... costs. d) The cost of the consumption of medicines is a good example of variable costs.
Last Answer : b) The total costs (i.e. all the costs incurred in the delivery of a service) of a health care system divided by the units of production.
Description : A 92-year-old woman is an inpatient in the geriatric unit. She has multivascular dementia. She is more confused and agitated. She has been given lorazepam 4 mg intramuscularly. She is now unconscious ... A. Activated charcoal B. Flumazenil C. N-acetyl cysteine D. Naloxone E. Protamine sulphate
Last Answer : B. Flumazenil
Description : Patient counselling helps to a) Know chemical structure of drug b) Develop business relations with pharmacist c) Motivate the patient to take medicine for improvement of his/her health status. d) Pass time at old age
Last Answer : c) Motivate the patient to take medicine for improvement of his/her health status.
Description : How and why do we compare drugs to standard of care during clinical trials?
Last Answer : I think it's useful to think separately about the % effectiveness of the new drug and the drug company's decision to produce it. The costs to finish bringing the new one drug to market might not have ... t get much use out the usual medication, or it needs a boost, ask your doctor about this kind.
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning tumor necrosis factor (TNF)? a. TNF is a product of activated macrophages secreted in response to contact with endotoxin or ... completed clinical trials of anti-TNF antibody in septic patients shows a marked improvement in survival
Last Answer : Answer: a, b Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a protein product of activated macrophages, is secreted in response to contact with endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide, antibody complexes, or ... patients utilizing infusion of monoclonal antibodies to the TNF molecule have shown no overall survival benefit
Description : Which of the following statements regarding fibroblasts and their function in wound healing are true? a. IL-1 has both inhibitory and promotional effects on fibroblast growth b. TNFa ... EGF (epithelial growth factor) has been demonstrated to accelerate epidermal regeneration in cutaneous wounds
Last Answer : Answer: a, d IL-1 appears to be important in the process of normal wound repair. IL-1 has been shown to stimulate skin fibroblast and keratinocyte growth, as well as ... that recombinant EGF enhances keratinocyte migration. EGF is also a potent chemoattractant for granulation tissue fibroblasts
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning pharmacologic agents used to accelerate wound healing? a. A number of these agents are now currently approved for use in ... healing in chronic wounds d. Growth hormone functions by promoting fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis
Last Answer : Answer: b, c Currently there are no approved clinical agents that accelerate normal healing. Although a number of clinical trials are in progress, no agents are currently ... hormone administration significantly accelerates donor site healing, presumably due to its effects in minimizing catabolism
Description : A number of prospective clinical trials have addressed the role of total parenteral nutrition in the cancer patient. The results have been somewhat conflicting. Which of the following statement(s) ... hepatectomy for hepatoma d. TPN is of no benefit in patients undergoing bone marrow transplant
Last Answer : Answer: a, c Numerous clinical trials have failed to yield a consensus with regard to the efficacy of TPN in cancer patients. In 1991, a multicenter VA cooperative trial demonstrated ... patients receiving bone marrow transplantation has also been shown to be a valuable component of overall care
Description : You are asked to compare the cost of four different antibacterial medicines. Which of the following treatment courses is the lowest cost? a) Medicine A costs £17.00 for 28 tablets. The adult dose is one ... 14 tablets. The adult dose is one tablet each day and the usual treatment duration is 5 days.
Last Answer : c) Medicine C costs £20.00 for 25 tablets. The adult dose is one tablet twice a day and the usual treatment duration is 5 days.
Description : Which of the following adverse drug reactions would you report to the Medicines and Healthcare Products regulatory Agency (MHRA) via the yellow card system for reporting? a) A patient ... started taking ramipril. d) A patient complains they have experienced diarrhoea since taking azilsartan.
Last Answer : d) A patient complains they have experienced diarrhoea since taking azilsartan.
Description : Pharmacovigilance is done for monitoring of a) Drug price b) Unethical practises c) Drug safety d) Pharmacy students
Last Answer : c) Drug safety
Description : Which of the following is Type B ADRS? a) Hypoglycaemia caused by Insulin b) Dryness of mouth caused by Atropine c) Anaemia in patient with G6PD deficiency caused by Primaquine d) Hyperglycaemia caused by thiazide diuretics
Last Answer : c) Anaemia in patient with G6PD deficiency caused by Primaquine
Description : Which of the following would you classify as a pharmacodynamics interaction? a) ACE inhibitors with potassium-sparing diuretics cause life-threatening hyperkalaemia b) Antacids reduce the absorption ... Increased bleeding due to cimetidine and warfarin d) Probenecid increases half-life of penicillin
Last Answer : a) ACE inhibitors with potassium-sparing diuretics cause life-threatening hyperkalaemia
Description : When tetracycline is given with antacids the absorption of tetracycline ----------------. a) Increases b) Decreases c) Minimally altered d) Not altered at all
Last Answer : b) Decreases
Description : Absorption of Griseofulvin increases with --------------diet. a) Carbohydrate b) Fatty c) protein d) vitamin
Last Answer : b) Fatty
Description : Gary baby syndrome occur in new born with a) Tetracycline b) Chloramphenicol c) Penicillin d) Erythromycin
Last Answer : b) Chloramphenicol
Description : Which of the following drug is not needed to be TDM? a) Carbamazepine. b) Penicillin. c) Digoxin. d) Gentamicin.
Last Answer : b) Penicillin.
Description : Idiosyncrasy is_______________. a) Type A ADRs b) Type B ADRs c) Type C ADRs d) Type D ADRs
Last Answer : b) Type B ADRs
Description : Which of the following terms does not describe an Adverse Drug Reaction? a) Idiosyncrasy b) Anaphylaxis c) Teratogenic effect d) Placebo effect
Last Answer : d) Placebo effect
Description : Which of the following is a technique pharmacists can use to humanize themselves to their patients? a) Using the patient's preferred name in conversation b) Delegating as many tasks as possible to an ... the text of a medication bottle verbatim to a patient d) Providing business cards at the desk
Last Answer : c) Reading the text of a medication bottle verbatim to a patient
Description : GCP provides public assurance that a) Rights and safety of participants are protected b) The rights, safety and wellbeing of research participants are protected and that research data are reliable. c) Results are reliable d) Safety of participant is observed and results are reliable
Last Answer : b) The rights, safety and wellbeing of research participants are protected and that research data are reliable.
Description : Cimetidine interacts with more drugs than ranitidine because; a) It is subjected to greater first pass metabolism b) It is a more potent enzyme inducer c) It is a more potent enzyme inhibitor d) It has better oral absorption
Last Answer : c) It is a more potent enzyme inhibitor
Description : The purpose of preclinical testing is: a. To verify that a drug is sufficiently safe and effective to be tested in humans. b. To undergo preliminary testing in healthy humans to monitor the ... for the larger scale future tests on a widespread population. d. To develop method of drug analysis
Last Answer : a. To verify that a drug is sufficiently safe and effective to be tested in humans.