Which of the following patients are at the highest risk of suffering from an adverse drug reaction? a) An 8 month year old infant receiving a prescription for an antibiotic. b) A 22 year old patient with asthma receiving prescriptions for inhalers to relieve and prevent their asthma. c) A 48 year old patient who has hypertension and receives a prescription for an ACE Inhibitor. d) A 68 year old patient who has oedema receiving a prescription for a diuretic.

Which of the following patients are at the highest risk of suffering from an adverse drug reaction? a) An 8 month year old infant receiving a prescription for an antibiotic. b) A 22 year old patient with asthma receiving prescriptions for inhalers to relieve and prevent their asthma. c) A 48 year old patient who has hypertension and receives a prescription for an ACE Inhibitor. d) A 68 year old patient who has oedema receiving a prescription for a diuretic. 
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Answer :

d) A 68 year old patient who has oedema receiving a prescription for a diuretic. 
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Related questions

A 75-year-old man had been receiving gentamicin (an aminoglycoside antibiotic) to treat an urinary tract infection. After three months of therapy patient's serum creatinine levels were 10 mg/dL ( normal 0.5-1.2) and serum gentamicin concentrations obtained just before the last dose were 9 mg/dL (normal < 2). Which of the following is the most likely adverse drug reaction the patient was suffering from? a) Type II allergic reaction b)Type III allergic reaction c) Pseudo allergic reaction d) Overdose toxicity

Description : A 75-year-old man had been receiving gentamicin (an aminoglycoside antibiotic) to treat an urinary tract infection. After three months of therapy patient's serum creatinine levels were 10 mg/ ... Type II allergic reaction b)Type III allergic reaction c) Pseudo allergic reaction d) Overdose toxicity

Last Answer : d) Overdose toxicity 

A patient of CHF was treated with furosemide and digoxin. He became symptom-free and is stable for the last 3 months with resting heart rate 68/min in sinus rhythm but left ventricular ejection fraction is low. Which of the following lines of action is warranted: A. Stop above medication and start an ACE inhibitor B. Continue all medication as before C. Continue the diuretic but stop digoxin D. Continue digoxin but stop the diuretic

Description : A patient of CHF was treated with furosemide and digoxin. He became symptom-free and is stable for the last 3 months with resting heart rate 68/min in sinus rhythm but left ventricular ... medication as before C. Continue the diuretic but stop digoxin D. Continue digoxin but stop the diuretic

Last Answer : A. Stop above medication and start an ACE inhibitor

___________ is an example of latent adverse drug reactions. a) Antibiotic-associated diarrhea b) Tardive dyskinesia c) Serum sickness d) Severe bronchoconstriction

Description : ___________ is an example of latent adverse drug reactions. a) Antibiotic-associated diarrhea b) Tardive dyskinesia c) Serum sickness d) Severe bronchoconstriction

Last Answer : D

Which of the following adverse drug reactions would you report to the Medicines and Healthcare Products regulatory Agency (MHRA) via the yellow card system for reporting? a) A patient reports a skin rash after starting a course on amoxicillin capsules. b) A patient reports experiencing dyspepsia when they take their indomethacin capsules. c) A patient complains of a dry irritating cough since they have started taking ramipril. d) A patient complains they have experienced diarrhoea since taking azilsartan.

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Last Answer : d) A patient complains they have experienced diarrhoea since taking azilsartan.

Which of the following responsibility of the clinical pharmacist is in direct patient care area? a) Supervision of drug administration techniques. b) Providing drug information to physicians and nurses. c) Identify drugs brought into the hospital by patients. d) Reviewing of each patient’s drug administration forms periodically to ensure all doses have been administered.

Description : Which of the following responsibility of the clinical pharmacist is in direct patient care area? a) Supervision of drug administration techniques. b) Providing drug information to physicians and ... of each patient's drug administration forms periodically to ensure all doses have been administered.

Last Answer : d) Reviewing of each patient’s drug administration forms periodically to ensure all doses have been administered.

Which of the following terms does not describe an Adverse Drug Reaction? a) Idiosyncrasy b) Anaphylaxis c) Teratogenic effect d) Placebo effect

Description : Which of the following terms does not describe an Adverse Drug Reaction? a) Idiosyncrasy b) Anaphylaxis c) Teratogenic effect d) Placebo effect

Last Answer : d) Placebo effect

Which of the following reaction is called Augmented adverse drug reactions? a) Genetically determined effects. b) Idiosyncracy. c) Rebound effect on discontinuation d) Allergic reactions & anaphylaxis.

Description : Which of the following reaction is called Augmented adverse drug reactions? a) Genetically determined effects. b) Idiosyncracy. c) Rebound effect on discontinuation d) Allergic reactions & anaphylaxis.

Last Answer : c) Rebound effect on discontinuation 

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Description : Science of collecting, monitoring, researching, assessing and evaluating information from healthcare providers and patients on the adverse effects of medications is known as a) Pharmacovigilance. b) Clinical Trails. c) Observational study. d) Qualitative study.

Last Answer : a) Pharmacovigilance. 

Which of the following is a valid therapeutic use of interaction? A. Use of Probenecid with Penicillin B. Giving Aspirin with warfarin C. Instructing patient to take levofloxacin with milk or antacid D. Treatment of depression of MAO Inhibitor and Citalopram

Description : Which of the following is a valid therapeutic use of interaction? A. Use of Probenecid with Penicillin B. Giving Aspirin with warfarin C. Instructing patient to take levofloxacin with milk or antacid D. Treatment of depression of MAO Inhibitor and Citalopram

Last Answer : A. Use of Probenecid with Penicillin 

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Last Answer : D. Both ‘B‘ and ‘C

Which one of these is a genetically determined adverse drug reactions? a) Addication. b) Teratogenecity. c) Carcinogenicity. d) Idiosyncracy.

Description : Which one of these is a genetically determined adverse drug reactions? a) Addication. b) Teratogenecity. c) Carcinogenicity. d) Idiosyncracy.

Last Answer : b) Teratogenecity. 

Which of the following is a technique pharmacists can use to humanize themselves to their patients? a) Using the patient's preferred name in conversation b) Delegating as many tasks as possible to an assistant c) Reading the text of a medication bottle verbatim to a patient d) Providing business cards at the desk

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Last Answer : c) Reading the text of a medication bottle verbatim to a patient 

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Last Answer : c) Motivate the patient to take medicine for improvement of his/her health status. 

What is informed consent in a clinical trial? a) The subjects do not know which study treatment they receive b) Patients injected with placebo and active doses c) Fake treatment d) Signed document of the recruited patient for the clinical trial procedures

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Last Answer : d) Signed document of the recruited patient for the clinical trial procedures 

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Last Answer : b) Supervision of drug administration. 

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Last Answer : a) ACE inhibitors with potassium-sparing diuretics cause life-threatening hyperkalaemia

___________ antihypertensive therapy should be avoided in type-1 diabetes mellitus a) ACE inhibitors b) High dose diuretics c) Centrally acting d) calcium channel blockers

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Last Answer : c) Centrally acting  

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Last Answer : Answer: ABCDE DISCUSSION: All of the answers listed are correct. By damaging endothelial cells, hypertension worsens macrovascular disease in all patients but especially in diabetics. Hypertension ... is not indicated because the chronic state of dehydration in such patients may become worse

___________ antidiabetic drug is preferred for elderly patient a) Gliclazide b) Glibencamide c) Metformin d) Pioglitazone

Description : ___________ antidiabetic drug is preferred for elderly patient a) Gliclazide b) Glibencamide c) Metformin d) Pioglitazone

Last Answer : a) Gliclazide  

Cimetidine interacts with more drugs than ranitidine because; a) It is subjected to greater first pass metabolism b) It is a more potent enzyme inducer c) It is a more potent enzyme inhibitor d) It has better oral absorption

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Last Answer : c) It is a more potent enzyme inhibitor  

How are prescription medicines different from OTC ones? A. They contain much smaller amounts of active ingredients B. They don't contain dyes or preservatives C. They're unsafe for use without medical supervision D. They can be toxic

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Last Answer : C. They're unsafe for use without medical supervision 

The highest serum drug concentration following a single dose or at a steady state within a dosing interval is called ………. A. Lead B. Peak C. Poison D. Mechanisms

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Last Answer : B. Peak 

A 55-year-old renal transplant patient has been hospitalized in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit, receiving a prolonged course of antibiotics following an attack of acute cholecystitis. The following statement(s) is/are true concerning his management. a. Due to the potential risk of Candida infection, prophylaxis with oral nystatin should be instituted early in the patient’s course b. A Candida urinary tract infection should be treated with systemic amphotericin B c. Changes of Candida retinitis are of little significance d. The presence of a virulent Candida bacteremia should suggest a dosage reduction in immunosuppressive agents until the infection can be adequately controlled

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Last Answer : Answer: a, d Infections due to fungal pathogens have become increasingly common during the past decade, frequently occurring in patients undergoing prolonged hospitalization in the Surgical ... agents should be discontinued until evidence of infection is absolutely controlled or is eradicated

A patient presents complaining of a stomach upset 48 hours after starting a course of antibiotic for oral infection, this is an example of, A. Type I allergic reaction B. Nervous disorder C. Side effect of the drug D. Type IV hypersensitivity reaction E. Pyloric stenosis

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Last Answer : C. Side effect of the drug

A 55-year-old patient currently receiving other drugs for another condition is to be started on diuretic therapy for mild heart failure. Thiazides are known to reduce the excretion of (a) Diazepam (b) Fluoxetine (c) Imipramine (d) Lithium (e) Potassium

Description : A 55-year-old patient currently receiving other drugs for another condition is to be started on diuretic therapy for mild heart failure. Thiazides are known to reduce the excretion of (a) Diazepam (b) Fluoxetine (c) Imipramine (d) Lithium (e) Potassium

Last Answer : Ans: D

______________ of clinical trial involves first time human trial in a small number of patients. a Phase I b Phase II c Phase III d Phase IV

Description :  ______________ of clinical trial involves first time human trial in a small number of patients. a Phase I b Phase II c Phase III d Phase IV

Last Answer : a Phase I 

Which of the following antihypertensive agents should be avoided in the elderly patients? A. Amlodipine B. Atenolol C. Benazepril D. Methyldopa

Description : Which of the following antihypertensive agents should be avoided in the elderly patients? A. Amlodipine B. Atenolol C. Benazepril D. Methyldopa

Last Answer : D. Methyldopa 

Pharmaceutical equivalent that produce the same effects in patients A. Therapeutic equivalent B. Therapeutic window C. Minimum effective concentration (MEC) D. Minimum toxic concentration (MTC)

Description : Pharmaceutical equivalent that produce the same effects in patients A. Therapeutic equivalent B. Therapeutic window C. Minimum effective concentration (MEC) D. Minimum toxic concentration (MTC)

Last Answer : A. Therapeutic equivalent 

Average time period for phase II clinical trials study is ___________ a) Upto 4 year b) Upto few month c) Upto Two year d) Upto several year

Description : Average time period for phase II clinical trials study is ___________ a) Upto 4 year b) Upto few month c) Upto Two year d) Upto several year

Last Answer : c) Upto Two year 

A 75 year old man presents with a long history of shortness of breath and ankle oedema. His serum biochemistry shows sodium 122 mmols/l and potassium of 2.9 mmols/l. He now complains of weakness.Which of the following is likely to explain the above biochemical picture? 1) Addison's Disease 2) Nephrotic syndrome 3) Primary hyperaldosteronism 4) SIADH 5) Diuretic therapy

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Last Answer : Answers-5 The long history of his symptoms and serum biochemistry suggests that his condition is due to treatment with frusemide for CCF.

Which of the following is Type B ADRS? a) Hypoglycaemia caused by Insulin b) Dryness of mouth caused by Atropine c) Anaemia in patient with G6PD deficiency caused by Primaquine d) Hyperglycaemia caused by thiazide diuretics

Description : Which of the following is Type B ADRS? a) Hypoglycaemia caused by Insulin b) Dryness of mouth caused by Atropine c) Anaemia in patient with G6PD deficiency caused by Primaquine d) Hyperglycaemia caused by thiazide diuretics

Last Answer : c) Anaemia in patient with G6PD deficiency caused by Primaquine 

The _______________ is the heart of the patient counselling session A) Preparing for the session. B) Opening the session. C) Counselling content. D) Closing the session.

Description : The _______________ is the heart of the patient counselling session  A) Preparing for the session.  B) Opening the session.  C) Counselling content.  D) Closing the session. 

Last Answer :  C) Counselling content. 

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Description : Autonomy in clinical studied is defined as a) Freedom, dignity and confidentiality of the subject; right to choose i.e. whether or not to participate in the trial or to continue with ... . d) Observance of fairness, honesty and impartiality in obtaining, analyzing & communicating the data.

Last Answer : a) Freedom, dignity and confidentiality of the subject; right to choose i.e. whether or not to participate in the trial or to continue with it.

Which of the following statements best describes a lead compound? a) A compound that contains the element lead b) A compound from the research laboratory that is chosen to go forward for preclinical and clinical trials. c) A molecule that shows some activity or property of interest and serves as the starting point for the development of a drug. d) The first compound of a structural class of compounds to reach the market.

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Last Answer : c) A molecule that shows some activity or property of interest and serves as the starting point for the development of a drug.

Pharmacovigilance is done for monitoring of a) Drug price b) Unethical practises c) Drug safety d) Pharmacy students

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Last Answer : c) Drug safety 

Which of the following drug is not needed to be TDM? a) Carbamazepine. b) Penicillin. c) Digoxin. d) Gentamicin.

Description : Which of the following drug is not needed to be TDM? a) Carbamazepine. b) Penicillin. c) Digoxin. d) Gentamicin.

Last Answer : b) Penicillin. 

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Description : The purpose of preclinical testing is: a. To verify that a drug is sufficiently safe and effective to be tested in humans. b. To undergo preliminary testing in healthy humans to monitor the ... for the larger scale future tests on a widespread population. d. To develop method of drug analysis

Last Answer : a. To verify that a drug is sufficiently safe and effective to be tested in humans. 

Case control studies is called as A. Drug-oriented systems. B. Dose-oriented systems. C. Disease-oriented systems. D. Complication-oriented systems.

Description : Case control studies is called as A. Drug-oriented systems. B. Dose-oriented systems. C. Disease-oriented systems. D. Complication-oriented systems.

Last Answer : B. Dose-oriented systems. 

Which of the following drug can result in result in cyanide poisoning? A. Amyl nitrite B. Hydroxycobalamine C. Sodium nitroprusside D. Sodium thiosulphate

Description : Which of the following drug can result in result in cyanide poisoning? A. Amyl nitrite B. Hydroxycobalamine C. Sodium nitroprusside D. Sodium thiosulphate

Last Answer : C. Sodium nitroprusside 

Which of the following drug is implicated in the causation of osteomalacia of the bone? A. Steroid B. Estrogen C. Heparin D. Phenytoin

Description : Which of the following drug is implicated in the causation of osteomalacia of the bone? A. Steroid B. Estrogen C. Heparin D. Phenytoin

Last Answer : D. Phenytoin

_________ drug is avoided in children’s under 4 years with diarrhea. a) bisacodyl b) loperamide c) Bismuth subsalicylate d) Ciprofloxacin

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Last Answer : d) Ciprofloxacin

___________ drug is usually avoided with breastfeeding. a) Ibuprofen b) propranalol c) Methotrexate d) Naproxe

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Last Answer : c) Methotrexate  

Which of the following drug does not require therapeutic drug monitoring? a) Digitoxin. b) Gentamycin. c) Phenytoin. d) Paracetamol

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Last Answer : d) Paracetamol

________________ causes pharmacodynamic drug interaction. a) Gastric motility changes. b) Stimulation of metabolism. c) Alteration of pH of GIT. d)Interactions at receptor site.

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Last Answer : d)Interactions at receptor site. 

The most specific & sensitive method for assessment of compliance can be used to detect potent therapeutic agent in body fluids is a) Drug analysis. b) Interrogation. c) Urine marker. d) Residual Tablet counting.

Description : The most specific & sensitive method for assessment of compliance can be used to detect potent therapeutic agent in body fluids is a) Drug analysis. b) Interrogation. c) Urine marker. d) Residual Tablet counting.

Last Answer : a) Drug analysis. 

___________ drug can cause lactic acidosis. a) Metformin b) Pioglitazone c) Repaglinide d) Glibenclamide

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After 48 hours of a cataract extraction operation, a patient complained of ocular pain and visual loss. On examination, this eye looked red with ciliary injection, corneal oedema and absent red reflex. The first suspicion must be: a. Secondary glaucoma. b. Anterior uveitis. c. Bacterial endophthalmitis. d. Acute conjunctivitis

Description : After 48 hours of a cataract extraction operation, a patient complained of ocular pain and visual loss. On examination, this eye looked red with ciliary injection, corneal oedema and absent red ... a. Secondary glaucoma. b. Anterior uveitis. c. Bacterial endophthalmitis. d. Acute conjunctivitis  

Last Answer : ANSWER: C

The principles of antihypertensive drug usage enunciated in JNC VI and WHO-ISH guidelines include the following except: A. Therapy for grade I and II hypertension should be initiated with a single drug B. Dose of thiazide diuretic should be 12.5-25 mg hydrochlorothiazide or equivalent per day C. All subjects with BP higher than 140/90 mmHg should be put on antihypertensive medication immediately D. If the drug chosen initially fails to lower BP, it should be replaced by a drug/combination from another class

Description : The principles of antihypertensive drug usage enunciated in JNC VI and WHO-ISH guidelines include the following except: A. Therapy for grade I and II hypertension should be initiated with a single drug ... initially fails to lower BP, it should be replaced by a drug/combination from another class

Last Answer : C. All subjects with BP higher than 140/90 mmHg should be put on antihypertensive medication immediately