Science of collecting, monitoring, researching, assessing and evaluating information from healthcare providers and patients on the adverse effects of medications is known as a) Pharmacovigilance. b) Clinical Trails. c) Observational study. d) Qualitative study.

Science of collecting, monitoring, researching, assessing and evaluating information from healthcare providers and patients on the adverse effects of medications is known as a) Pharmacovigilance. b) Clinical Trails. c) Observational study. d) Qualitative study.
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a) Pharmacovigilance. 
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Pharmacovigilance is done for monitoring of a) Drug price b) Unethical practises c) Drug safety d) Pharmacy students

Description : Pharmacovigilance is done for monitoring of a) Drug price b) Unethical practises c) Drug safety d) Pharmacy students

Last Answer : c) Drug safety 

What is informed consent in a clinical trial? a) The subjects do not know which study treatment they receive b) Patients injected with placebo and active doses c) Fake treatment d) Signed document of the recruited patient for the clinical trial procedures

Description : What is informed consent in a clinical trial? a) The subjects do not know which study treatment they receive b) Patients injected with placebo and active doses c) Fake treatment d) Signed document of the recruited patient for the clinical trial procedures

Last Answer : d) Signed document of the recruited patient for the clinical trial procedures 

Which of the following adverse drug reactions would you report to the Medicines and Healthcare Products regulatory Agency (MHRA) via the yellow card system for reporting? a) A patient reports a skin rash after starting a course on amoxicillin capsules. b) A patient reports experiencing dyspepsia when they take their indomethacin capsules. c) A patient complains of a dry irritating cough since they have started taking ramipril. d) A patient complains they have experienced diarrhoea since taking azilsartan.

Description : Which of the following adverse drug reactions would you report to the Medicines and Healthcare Products regulatory Agency (MHRA) via the yellow card system for reporting? a) A patient ... started taking ramipril. d) A patient complains they have experienced diarrhoea since taking azilsartan.

Last Answer : d) A patient complains they have experienced diarrhoea since taking azilsartan.

Which of the following responsibility of the clinical pharmacist is in direct patient care area? a) Supervision of drug administration techniques. b) Providing drug information to physicians and nurses. c) Identify drugs brought into the hospital by patients. d) Reviewing of each patient’s drug administration forms periodically to ensure all doses have been administered.

Description : Which of the following responsibility of the clinical pharmacist is in direct patient care area? a) Supervision of drug administration techniques. b) Providing drug information to physicians and ... of each patient's drug administration forms periodically to ensure all doses have been administered.

Last Answer : d) Reviewing of each patient’s drug administration forms periodically to ensure all doses have been administered.

Which of the following patients are at the highest risk of suffering from an adverse drug reaction? a) An 8 month year old infant receiving a prescription for an antibiotic. b) A 22 year old patient with asthma receiving prescriptions for inhalers to relieve and prevent their asthma. c) A 48 year old patient who has hypertension and receives a prescription for an ACE Inhibitor. d) A 68 year old patient who has oedema receiving a prescription for a diuretic.

Description : Which of the following patients are at the highest risk of suffering from an adverse drug reaction? a) An 8 month year old infant receiving a prescription for an antibiotic. b) A 22 year old patient ... ACE Inhibitor. d) A 68 year old patient who has oedema receiving a prescription for a diuretic. 

Last Answer : d) A 68 year old patient who has oedema receiving a prescription for a diuretic. 

A 75-year-old man had been receiving gentamicin (an aminoglycoside antibiotic) to treat an urinary tract infection. After three months of therapy patient's serum creatinine levels were 10 mg/dL ( normal 0.5-1.2) and serum gentamicin concentrations obtained just before the last dose were 9 mg/dL (normal < 2). Which of the following is the most likely adverse drug reaction the patient was suffering from? a) Type II allergic reaction b)Type III allergic reaction c) Pseudo allergic reaction d) Overdose toxicity

Description : A 75-year-old man had been receiving gentamicin (an aminoglycoside antibiotic) to treat an urinary tract infection. After three months of therapy patient's serum creatinine levels were 10 mg/ ... Type II allergic reaction b)Type III allergic reaction c) Pseudo allergic reaction d) Overdose toxicity

Last Answer : d) Overdose toxicity 

______________ of clinical trial involves first time human trial in a small number of patients. a Phase I b Phase II c Phase III d Phase IV

Description :  ______________ of clinical trial involves first time human trial in a small number of patients. a Phase I b Phase II c Phase III d Phase IV

Last Answer : a Phase I 

The written details for conduct trails to ensure quality control of trail is known as a) GCP. b) SOP. c) IEC. d) ADR.

Description : The written details for conduct trails to ensure quality control of trail is known as a) GCP. b) SOP. c) IEC. d) ADR.

Last Answer : b) SOP. 

Which of the following reaction is called Augmented adverse drug reactions? a) Genetically determined effects. b) Idiosyncracy. c) Rebound effect on discontinuation d) Allergic reactions & anaphylaxis.

Description : Which of the following reaction is called Augmented adverse drug reactions? a) Genetically determined effects. b) Idiosyncracy. c) Rebound effect on discontinuation d) Allergic reactions & anaphylaxis.

Last Answer : c) Rebound effect on discontinuation 

The sponsor in clinical study is a) Country. b) Organisation. c) Society. d) Cohort.

Description : The sponsor in clinical study is a) Country. b) Organisation. c) Society. d) Cohort.

Last Answer : b) Organisation. 

Average time period for phase II clinical trials study is ___________ a) Upto 4 year b) Upto few month c) Upto Two year d) Upto several year

Description : Average time period for phase II clinical trials study is ___________ a) Upto 4 year b) Upto few month c) Upto Two year d) Upto several year

Last Answer : c) Upto Two year 

Pharmaceutical equivalent that produce the same effects in patients A. Therapeutic equivalent B. Therapeutic window C. Minimum effective concentration (MEC) D. Minimum toxic concentration (MTC)

Description : Pharmaceutical equivalent that produce the same effects in patients A. Therapeutic equivalent B. Therapeutic window C. Minimum effective concentration (MEC) D. Minimum toxic concentration (MTC)

Last Answer : A. Therapeutic equivalent 

Which of the following terms does not describe an Adverse Drug Reaction? a) Idiosyncrasy b) Anaphylaxis c) Teratogenic effect d) Placebo effect

Description : Which of the following terms does not describe an Adverse Drug Reaction? a) Idiosyncrasy b) Anaphylaxis c) Teratogenic effect d) Placebo effect

Last Answer : d) Placebo effect

___________ is an example of latent adverse drug reactions. a) Antibiotic-associated diarrhea b) Tardive dyskinesia c) Serum sickness d) Severe bronchoconstriction

Description : ___________ is an example of latent adverse drug reactions. a) Antibiotic-associated diarrhea b) Tardive dyskinesia c) Serum sickness d) Severe bronchoconstriction

Last Answer : D

Which one of these is a genetically determined adverse drug reactions? a) Addication. b) Teratogenecity. c) Carcinogenicity. d) Idiosyncracy.

Description : Which one of these is a genetically determined adverse drug reactions? a) Addication. b) Teratogenecity. c) Carcinogenicity. d) Idiosyncracy.

Last Answer : b) Teratogenecity. 

Which of the following statements best describes a lead compound? a) A compound that contains the element lead b) A compound from the research laboratory that is chosen to go forward for preclinical and clinical trials. c) A molecule that shows some activity or property of interest and serves as the starting point for the development of a drug. d) The first compound of a structural class of compounds to reach the market.

Description : Which of the following statements best describes a lead compound? a) A compound that contains the element lead b) A compound from the research laboratory that is chosen to go forward for preclinical and ... of a drug. d) The first compound of a structural class of compounds to reach the market.

Last Answer : c) A molecule that shows some activity or property of interest and serves as the starting point for the development of a drug.

Which is person responsible for the conduct of the clinical trial at a trial site? a) Clinical Research Coordinator b) Monitor c) Investigator d) Sponsor

Description : Which is person responsible for the conduct of the clinical trial at a trial site? a) Clinical Research Coordinator b) Monitor c) Investigator d) Sponsor

Last Answer : c) Investigator 

What are Good Clinical Practices? a. Regulations set in place by Government that how clinical trials are supposed to be managed. b. Clinical practices that adhere to the best standards of care. c. Widely accepted standards of practice during clinical trials d. The FDA’s requirements for how trials are conducted and documented

Description : What are Good Clinical Practices? a. Regulations set in place by Government that how clinical trials are supposed to be managed. b. Clinical practices that adhere to the best standards of ... practice during clinical trials d. The FDA's requirements for how trials are conducted and documented

Last Answer : d. The FDA’s requirements for how trials are conducted and documented 

According to the principles of ICH GCP, what is the most important consideration when conducting a clinical trial? A. data accuracy B. protection of trial subjects C. Process adherence D. Statistical quality checks

Description : According to the principles of ICH GCP, what is the most important consideration when conducting a clinical trial? A. data accuracy B. protection of trial subjects C. Process adherence D. Statistical quality checks

Last Answer : B. protection of trial subjects 

Autonomy in clinical studied is defined as a) Freedom, dignity and confidentiality of the subject; right to choose i.e. whether or not to participate in the trial or to continue with it. b) Motive to do good to the subject and/or the society at large. c) Not to do harm or put the participant at undue risk/disadvantage. d) Observance of fairness, honesty and impartiality in obtaining, analyzing & communicating the data.

Description : Autonomy in clinical studied is defined as a) Freedom, dignity and confidentiality of the subject; right to choose i.e. whether or not to participate in the trial or to continue with ... . d) Observance of fairness, honesty and impartiality in obtaining, analyzing & communicating the data.

Last Answer : a) Freedom, dignity and confidentiality of the subject; right to choose i.e. whether or not to participate in the trial or to continue with it.

Which of the following drug does not require therapeutic drug monitoring? a) Digitoxin. b) Gentamycin. c) Phenytoin. d) Paracetamol

Description : Which of the following drug does not require therapeutic drug monitoring? a) Digitoxin. b) Gentamycin. c) Phenytoin. d) Paracetamol

Last Answer : d) Paracetamol

Which of the following is a technique pharmacists can use to humanize themselves to their patients? a) Using the patient's preferred name in conversation b) Delegating as many tasks as possible to an assistant c) Reading the text of a medication bottle verbatim to a patient d) Providing business cards at the desk

Description : Which of the following is a technique pharmacists can use to humanize themselves to their patients? a) Using the patient's preferred name in conversation b) Delegating as many tasks as possible to an ... the text of a medication bottle verbatim to a patient d) Providing business cards at the desk

Last Answer : c) Reading the text of a medication bottle verbatim to a patient 

Which of the following antihypertensive agents should be avoided in the elderly patients? A. Amlodipine B. Atenolol C. Benazepril D. Methyldopa

Description : Which of the following antihypertensive agents should be avoided in the elderly patients? A. Amlodipine B. Atenolol C. Benazepril D. Methyldopa

Last Answer : D. Methyldopa 

Which of the following responsibility of community pharmacist is in dispensing area? a) Reviews all doses missed, reschedule the doses as necessary & signs all drugs not given notices. b) Supervision of drug administration. c) Ensures that establishes policies & procedures are followed. d) Reviewing of each patient’s drug administration forms periodically to ensure all doses have been administered.

Description : Which of the following responsibility of community pharmacist is in dispensing area? a) Reviews all doses missed, reschedule the doses as necessary & signs all drugs not given notices. b ... of each patient's drug administration forms periodically to ensure all doses have been administered.

Last Answer : b) Supervision of drug administration. 

What is pharmacovigilance in clinical research?

Description : What is pharmacovigilance in clinical research?

Last Answer : Pharmacovigilance, also known as drug safety, is the science of understanding the adverse effects caused by a drug and assessing whether the benefit will outweigh the peril. This ... harmonized communication of those findings to the affected global regulatory authorities during a timely manner.

The purpose of preclinical testing is: a. To verify that a drug is sufficiently safe and effective to be tested in humans. b. To undergo preliminary testing in healthy humans to monitor the effects of the drug. c. To create a basic outline for the larger scale future tests on a widespread population. d. To develop method of drug analysis

Description : The purpose of preclinical testing is: a. To verify that a drug is sufficiently safe and effective to be tested in humans. b. To undergo preliminary testing in healthy humans to monitor the ... for the larger scale future tests on a widespread population. d. To develop method of drug analysis

Last Answer : a. To verify that a drug is sufficiently safe and effective to be tested in humans. 

A 92-year-old woman is an inpatient in the geriatric unit. She has multivascular dementia. She is more confused and agitated. She has been given lorazepam 4 mg intramuscularly. She is now unconscious with a generalized tonic clonic seizure and a respiratory rate of 6 breaths per minute. Which of the following could be used to reverse the effects of the lorazepam? A. Activated charcoal B. Flumazenil C. N-acetyl cysteine D. Naloxone E. Protamine sulphate

Description : A 92-year-old woman is an inpatient in the geriatric unit. She has multivascular dementia. She is more confused and agitated. She has been given lorazepam 4 mg intramuscularly. She is now unconscious ... A. Activated charcoal B. Flumazenil C. N-acetyl cysteine D. Naloxone E. Protamine sulphate 

Last Answer : B. Flumazenil 

Side effects of Valproic acid is ___________ a) Rhinitis b) Thrombocytopenia c) Hypothyroidism d) Confusion

Description : Side effects of Valproic acid is ___________ a) Rhinitis b) Thrombocytopenia c) Hypothyroidism d) Confusion

Last Answer : b) Thrombocytopenia 

___________ is indicated in agitation and restlessness in the elderly, despite the high incidence of extrapyramidal side-effects. a) Prochlorperazine b) Clozapine c) Haloperidol d) Flupentixol

Description : ___________ is indicated in agitation and restlessness in the elderly, despite the high incidence of extrapyramidal side-effects. a) Prochlorperazine b) Clozapine c) Haloperidol d) Flupentixol

Last Answer : c) Haloperidol 

The primary goals of asthma therapy include all of the following except (a) maintain normal activity levels (b) maintain control of symptoms (c) avoid adverse effects of asthma medications (d) prevent acute exacerbations and chronic symptoms (e) prevent destruction of lung tissue

Description : The primary goals of asthma therapy include all of the following except (a) maintain normal activity levels (b) maintain control of symptoms (c) avoid adverse effects of asthma medications (d) prevent acute exacerbations and chronic symptoms (e) prevent destruction of lung tissue

Last Answer : Ans: E

What is Clinical Trails?

Description : What is Clinical Trails?

Last Answer : Hello Everyone, Please suggested to What is Clinical Trails?

The process of assessing the probability and consequences of identified risks to the project objectives, assigning a risk score to each risk, and creating a list of prioritized risks describes which of the following processes? A. Quantitative Risk Analysis B. Risk Identification C. Qualitative Risk Analysis D. Risk Management Planning

Description : The process of assessing the probability and consequences of identified risks to the project objectives, assigning a risk score to each risk, and creating a list of prioritized risks describes ... Risk Analysis B. Risk Identification C. Qualitative Risk Analysis D. Risk Management Planning

Last Answer : C. Qualitative Risk Analysis

Evaluating an argument involves a. assessing the reasons given and their relationship to the conclusion. b. dismissing the reasons given and their relationship to the conclusion. c. assessing the reasons given, but ignoring their relationship to the conclusion. d. assessing the conclusion, and reformulating the reasons given for the conclusion.

Description : Evaluating an argument involves a. assessing the reasons given and their relationship to the conclusion. b. dismissing the reasons given and their relationship to the conclusion. c. assessing the ... the conclusion. d. assessing the conclusion, and reformulating the reasons given for the conclusion.

Last Answer : a. assessing the reasons given and their relationship to the conclusion.

The three major considerations in assessing opportunities and resources are environmental scanning, evaluating market opportunities, and A)competitive scanning. B)environmental analysis. C)understanding the firm's capabilities. D)opportunity search.

Description : The three major considerations in assessing opportunities and resources are environmental scanning, evaluating market opportunities, and A)competitive scanning. B)environmental analysis. C)understanding the firm's capabilities. D)opportunity search.

Last Answer : C)understanding the firm's capabilities.

You are asked to compare the cost of four different antibacterial medicines. Which of the following treatment courses is the lowest cost? a) Medicine A costs £17.00 for 28 tablets. The adult dose is one tablet twice a day and the usual treatment duration is 7 days. b) Medicine B costs £30.00 for 100 tablets. The adult dose is one tablet four times a day and the usual treatment duration is 7 days. c) Medicine C costs £20.00 for 25 tablets. The adult dose is one tablet twice a day and the usual treatment duration is 5 days. d) Medicine D costs £25.00 for 14 tablets. The adult dose is one tablet each day and the usual treatment duration is 5 days.

Description : You are asked to compare the cost of four different antibacterial medicines. Which of the following treatment courses is the lowest cost? a) Medicine A costs £17.00 for 28 tablets. The adult dose is one ... 14 tablets. The adult dose is one tablet each day and the usual treatment duration is 5 days.

Last Answer : c) Medicine C costs £20.00 for 25 tablets. The adult dose is one tablet twice a day and the usual treatment duration is 5 days.

GCP are seen in all of the following except a) Phase I trial b) Phase II trial c) Preclinical trials d) Phase IV trial

Description : GCP are seen in all of the following except a) Phase I trial b) Phase II trial c) Preclinical trials d) Phase IV trial

Last Answer : c) Preclinical trials 

Which of the following is Type B ADRS? a) Hypoglycaemia caused by Insulin b) Dryness of mouth caused by Atropine c) Anaemia in patient with G6PD deficiency caused by Primaquine d) Hyperglycaemia caused by thiazide diuretics

Description : Which of the following is Type B ADRS? a) Hypoglycaemia caused by Insulin b) Dryness of mouth caused by Atropine c) Anaemia in patient with G6PD deficiency caused by Primaquine d) Hyperglycaemia caused by thiazide diuretics

Last Answer : c) Anaemia in patient with G6PD deficiency caused by Primaquine 

Which of the following would you classify as a pharmacodynamics interaction? a) ACE inhibitors with potassium-sparing diuretics cause life-threatening hyperkalaemia b) Antacids reduce the absorption of fluoroquinolones c) Increased bleeding due to cimetidine and warfarin d) Probenecid increases half-life of penicillin

Description : Which of the following would you classify as a pharmacodynamics interaction? a) ACE inhibitors with potassium-sparing diuretics cause life-threatening hyperkalaemia b) Antacids reduce the absorption ... Increased bleeding due to cimetidine and warfarin d) Probenecid increases half-life of penicillin

Last Answer : a) ACE inhibitors with potassium-sparing diuretics cause life-threatening hyperkalaemia

When tetracycline is given with antacids the absorption of tetracycline ----------------. a) Increases b) Decreases c) Minimally altered d) Not altered at all

Description : When tetracycline is given with antacids the absorption of tetracycline ----------------. a) Increases b) Decreases c) Minimally altered d) Not altered at all

Last Answer : b) Decreases 

Absorption of Griseofulvin increases with --------------diet. a) Carbohydrate b) Fatty c) protein d) vitamin

Description : Absorption of Griseofulvin increases with --------------diet. a) Carbohydrate b) Fatty c) protein d) vitamin

Last Answer : b) Fatty 

Gary baby syndrome occur in new born with a) Tetracycline b) Chloramphenicol c) Penicillin d) Erythromycin

Description : Gary baby syndrome occur in new born with a) Tetracycline b) Chloramphenicol c) Penicillin d) Erythromycin

Last Answer : b) Chloramphenicol 

Patient counselling helps to a) Know chemical structure of drug b) Develop business relations with pharmacist c) Motivate the patient to take medicine for improvement of his/her health status. d) Pass time at old age

Description : Patient counselling helps to a) Know chemical structure of drug b) Develop business relations with pharmacist c) Motivate the patient to take medicine for improvement of his/her health status. d) Pass time at old age

Last Answer : c) Motivate the patient to take medicine for improvement of his/her health status. 

Which of the following drug is not needed to be TDM? a) Carbamazepine. b) Penicillin. c) Digoxin. d) Gentamicin.

Description : Which of the following drug is not needed to be TDM? a) Carbamazepine. b) Penicillin. c) Digoxin. d) Gentamicin.

Last Answer : b) Penicillin. 

Idiosyncrasy is_______________. a) Type A ADRs b) Type B ADRs c) Type C ADRs d) Type D ADRs

Description : Idiosyncrasy is_______________. a) Type A ADRs b) Type B ADRs c) Type C ADRs d) Type D ADRs

Last Answer : b) Type B ADRs 

GCP provides public assurance that a) Rights and safety of participants are protected b) The rights, safety and wellbeing of research participants are protected and that research data are reliable. c) Results are reliable d) Safety of participant is observed and results are reliable

Description : GCP provides public assurance that a) Rights and safety of participants are protected b) The rights, safety and wellbeing of research participants are protected and that research data are reliable. c) Results are reliable d) Safety of participant is observed and results are reliable

Last Answer : b) The rights, safety and wellbeing of research participants are protected and that research data are reliable.

Cimetidine interacts with more drugs than ranitidine because; a) It is subjected to greater first pass metabolism b) It is a more potent enzyme inducer c) It is a more potent enzyme inhibitor d) It has better oral absorption

Description : Cimetidine interacts with more drugs than ranitidine because; a) It is subjected to greater first pass metabolism b) It is a more potent enzyme inducer c) It is a more potent enzyme inhibitor d) It has better oral absorption

Last Answer : c) It is a more potent enzyme inhibitor  

Case control studies is called as A. Drug-oriented systems. B. Dose-oriented systems. C. Disease-oriented systems. D. Complication-oriented systems.

Description : Case control studies is called as A. Drug-oriented systems. B. Dose-oriented systems. C. Disease-oriented systems. D. Complication-oriented systems.

Last Answer : B. Dose-oriented systems. 

Which of the following medication is safe to use in the third trimester of pregnancy? A. Acetaminophen B. Warfarin C. Aspirin D. Oxycodone

Description : Which of the following medication is safe to use in the third trimester of pregnancy? A. Acetaminophen B. Warfarin C. Aspirin D. Oxycodone

Last Answer : A. Acetaminophen 

Which of the following is a valid therapeutic use of interaction? A. Use of Probenecid with Penicillin B. Giving Aspirin with warfarin C. Instructing patient to take levofloxacin with milk or antacid D. Treatment of depression of MAO Inhibitor and Citalopram

Description : Which of the following is a valid therapeutic use of interaction? A. Use of Probenecid with Penicillin B. Giving Aspirin with warfarin C. Instructing patient to take levofloxacin with milk or antacid D. Treatment of depression of MAO Inhibitor and Citalopram

Last Answer : A. Use of Probenecid with Penicillin