: The thyroid is one of the most important hormone secreting glands. Although it is located deep in the skin and flesh in the front of the throat, when the size of this gland is large, it causes a disease called goiter , which is also called ghag in the local language. This glandular hormone regulates the speed of all metabolic processes in the body and is therefore of immense importance in medical science. The number of thyroid patients is also high. With the advancement of medical science, there is a continuous improvement in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease in our country as well. Even in the eighties of the last century, the use of modern technology in the treatment of thyroid was not universal. Thyroid disease was diagnosed and treated through the experience of a physician and a few old tests. There was a risk that the diagnosis and treatment would be delayed and defective. The practice of diagnosing thyroid gland hormones in modern methods gradually started coming to our country. The type of thyroid disease was also different then. The incidence of iodine deficiency thyroid gland and its complications was so high that the proportion of other diseases of this gland such as Graves' disease , Hashimoto's disease , Hypo and hyperthyroid disease , Thyroid cancer seemed to be relatively low. According to various sources, the prevalence of iodine deficient goiter among the people of our country at that time was around thirty five percent. Since the exact statistics of these diseases were not published in scientific journals, the statistics of our country in the international arena were largely based on conjecture. John B. Stanbury, an expert on iodine-borne diseases, said that even in 1971, there were no accurate statistics or reports of thyroid disease in Bangladesh. A joint study conducted by me and my senior colleagues at the then PG Hospital in 1995 found that the number of thyroid patients due to iodine deficiency was the highest among all thyroid diseases , at about 35%. According to the newspaper, about one-fourth of the people in the then East Bengal had goiter in 1986. The prevalence of iodized salt has been significantly reduced with the participation of physicians , researchers , health policy makers and people from all walks of life. In the early 21st century, iodine deficiency thyroid disease is more prevalent than other thyroid diseases. Among them, hypothyroidism , thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer are the major ones. It should be noted that thyrotoxicosis is a disease in which the patient's agitation increases due to excess of hormones , hands and feet become cupped , chest throbs , weight loss despite adequate eating , body sweating and in some cases mental problems occur. Hypothyroidism has almost the same problem. Decreased hormone levels can lead to fatigue , weight gain , body aches , menstrual irregularities , reduced fertility , memory loss , hair loss, and a variety of other psychological symptoms. Nowadays, with the advancement of laboratory medicine , radiology and nuclear medicine, thyroid disease can be detected in our country much earlier. Before the onset of symptoms, blood tests for thyroid hormone levels in about one-tenth of the population may be found to be different, which until now no one knew about. These patients may be referred to as subclinical or latent thyroid disease. These patients also need to be covered by medical services, although most do not require any medication. Combined with all these latent patients and thyroid patients with full symptoms, it is estimated that ten to twenty percent of people have some form of thyroid disease. Some of these patients have thyroiditis and thyroid cancer. Excessive improvements in thyroid treatment have resulted in fewer patients with excessive hypo or hyperthyroidism than ever before. Many thyroid-related diseases are seen for the first time when being tested for any other disease. Because of the seemingly simple nature of the treatment, many patients continue treatment without consulting a specialist, which can sometimes lead to serious complications. Because thyroid hormone tests are more readily available than ever before, many people do the tests unnecessarily, and many take unnecessary thyroid medications day after day without the need for expert advice, seeing only slight variations in the test. It is unpredictable and risky for the patient. This results in patients with heart disease and osteoporosis