How to Test for HIV
For people with sexually active lifestyles, testing for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can literally mean the difference between life and death. HIV testing can help minimize the possibilities of sexually-transmitted diseases, particularly acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Here are some ways that you could test for HIV.
HIV Antibody Tests
HIV antibody tests are also known as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) tests. The ELISA test uses antibodies in the bloodstream to detect whether or not a person is infected with HIV. ELISA is the most common form of HIV testing in the world because of its ease and relatively low cost.
Like any virus, the human body produces antibodies to combat the ill effects of the virus and prevent them from spreading. The ELISA test is designed to detect the antibodies and proteins consistent with an HIV infection. HIV antibody testing kits may be bought from pharmacies for home testing, although many hospitals and health care centers offer the ELISA test.
Antigen Tests
Another way to test for HIV is the antigen test. The antigen test is designed to detect a particular protein named P24, which is produced at very high levels during the early stages of an HIV infection. Antigen tests are very reliable at the early onset of AIDS, although it is not particularly useful for HIV infections that have already set in.
The antigen test is more commonly used for inspecting and testing blood used for transfusions. HIV can be transmitted through blood, so blood banks and hospitals need to screen blood to check if there’s any sign of infection.
PCR Tests
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Test is another way to test for HIV. The PCR test involves extracting genetic material (DNA or RNA) from the body, and is tested in the laboratory for signs of HIV infection or the early onset of AIDS. A PCR test is usually administered to a mother possibly infected with HIV to detect any signs of vertical transmission.
While home testing kits are available for most HIV tests, it’s still best to consult your doctor about an HIV test. HIV tests will not prevent HIV infections or cure AIDS, but it’s a great step to take if you want to stay on the safe side.