What is the normal plasma protein concentration? -Biology

What is the normal plasma protein concentration? -Biology
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Which of the following statements about extracellular fluid are true? A. The total extracellular fluid volume represents 40% of the body weight. B. The plasma volume constitutes one fourth of the total extracellular fluid volume. C. Potassium is the principal cation in extracellular fluid. D. The protein content of the plasma produces a lower concentration of cations than in the interstitial fluid. E. The interstitial fluid equilibrates slowly with the other body compartments.

Description : Which of the following statements about extracellular fluid are true? A. The total extracellular fluid volume represents 40% of the body weight. B. The plasma volume constitutes one fourth ... the interstitial fluid. E. The interstitial fluid equilibrates slowly with the other body compartments.

Last Answer : Answer: B DISCUSSION: The total extracellular fluid volume represents 20% of body weight. The plasma volume is approximately 5% of body weight. Sodium is the principal cation. The ... fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, the majority of the interstitial fluid exists as a rapidly equilibrating component

True statements about the aqueous humour: a. has a higher lactic acid concentration than in the plasma b. the glucose levels is lower than that of the plasma levels c. the ascorbic acid concentration is twice that of the plasma d. it contains the same concentration of protein as in the plasma e. the rate of formation is about 2.5ul/minute

Description : True statements about the aqueous humour: a. has a higher lactic acid concentration than in the plasma b. the glucose levels is lower than that of the plasma levels c. the ascorbic acid ... same concentration of protein as in the plasma e. the rate of formation is about 2.5ul/minute

Last Answer : has a higher lactic acid concentration than in the plasma

The plasma protein bound fraction of a drug: A. Contributes to the response at the given moment B. Remains constant irrespective of the total drug concentration C. Remains constant irrespective of the disease state D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

Description : The plasma protein bound fraction of a drug: A. Contributes to the response at the given moment B. Remains constant irrespective of the total drug concentration C. Remains constant irrespective of the disease state D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

Last Answer : D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

The plasma protein bound fraction of a drug: A. Contributes to the response at the given moment B. Remains constant irrespective of the total drug concentration C. Remains constant irrespective of the disease state D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

Description : The plasma protein bound fraction of a drug: A. Contributes to the response at the given moment B. Remains constant irrespective of the total drug concentration C. Remains constant irrespective of the disease state D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

Last Answer : D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

The plasma protein bound fraction of a drug: A. Contributes to the response at the given moment B. Remains constant irrespective of the total drug concentration C. Remains constant irrespective of the disease state D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

Description : The plasma protein bound fraction of a drug: A. Contributes to the response at the given moment B. Remains constant irrespective of the total drug concentration C. Remains constant irrespective of the disease state D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

Last Answer : D. Is not available for metabolism unless actively extracted by the liver

The normal concentration of chloride in mg/100 ml of plasma is about (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 365 (D) 450

Description : The normal concentration of chloride in mg/100 ml of plasma is about (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 365 (D) 450

Last Answer : Answer : C

The normal concentration of potassium in human plasma in meq/I is about (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5

Description : The normal concentration of potassium in human plasma in meq/I is about (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5

Last Answer : Answer : D

The normal concentration of sodium (in mg/100 ml) of human plasma is (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 250 (D) 330

Description : The normal concentration of sodium (in mg/100 ml) of human plasma is (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 250 (D) 330

Last Answer : Answer : D

Which one of the following is true of IgE? 1) Is present in plasma in the same concentration as IgG 2) Is increased acutely in an asthmatic attack 3) Crosses the normal placenta 4) Is increased in the serum of atopic individuals 5) Is involved in type 2 hypersensitivity

Description : Which one of the following is true of IgE? 1) Is present in plasma in the same concentration as IgG 2) Is increased acutely in an asthmatic attack 3) Crosses the normal placenta 4) Is increased in the serum of atopic individuals 5) Is involved in type 2 hypersensitivity

Last Answer : Answers-4 IgG is the predominant form of immunoglobulin in plasma at a concentration around 10,000 times that of IgE. IgG crosses the placenta to confer immunity to the fetus but IgE does ... frequently increased in those with atopy but serum IgE does not rise acutely during an asthmatic attack.

A 55 year-old female complaining of vague tiredness is found to have a serum corrected calcium concentration of 2.9 mmol/l. Examination was unremarkable. Which of the following results confirms the suspected diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism? 1) High normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration 2) High normal 24 hour urinary calcium concentration 3) High normal plasma parathyroid hormone concentration 4) Low normal plasma phosphate concentration 5) Low normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration

Description : A 55 year-old female complaining of vague tiredness is found to have a serum corrected calcium concentration of 2.9 mmol/l. Examination was unremarkable. Which of the following results ... 4) Low normal plasma phosphate concentration 5) Low normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration

Last Answer : Answers-3 Bit too easy really. A high or even normal PTH concentration in the presence of hypercalcaemia would support the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. A high urinary Calcium concentration may ... but neither confirm the diagnosis. Elevated 1,25 VitD suggests a diagnosis of hypervitaminosis D.

The following are true about cerebrospinal fluid: a. it has a greater buffering capacity than plasma b. it has a similar chloride concentration to plasma c. it is a plasma ultrafiltrate d. the rate of formation is dependent on the intraventricular pressure over the normal pressure range

Description : The following are true about cerebrospinal fluid: a. it has a greater buffering capacity than plasma b. it has a similar chloride concentration to plasma c. it is a plasma ultrafiltrate d. the rate of formation is dependent on the intraventricular pressure over the normal pressure range

Last Answer : it is a plasma ultrafiltrate

The normal content of protein bound iron (PBI) in the plasma of males is (A) 120–140 µg/100 ml (B) 200–300 µg/100 ml (C) 120–140 µg/100 ml (D) 200–300 µg/100 ml

Description : The normal content of protein bound iron (PBI) in the plasma of males is (A) 120–140 µg/100 ml (B) 200–300 µg/100 ml (C) 120–140 µg/100 ml (D) 200–300 µg/100 ml

Last Answer : Answer : A

Answer: a, b, c, d Free oxygen radicals are chemical species that are intermediates in the normal process of cellular respiration. Oxidants that are free radicals have been implicated as initiators of reactions which lead to a variety of cellular injuries. Oxidants are derived from several sources, notably phagocytes. Among the effects of oxygen free radicals are membrane lipid peroxidation, DNA strand breaks, cytoskeletal disassembly and inhibition of glucose metabolism leading to decreased cellular ATP concentrations. (Figure 6-16) 187 Which of the following acute-phase protein levels are increased in human plasma following acute inflammation? a. C-reactive protein b. Serum amyloid c. a -Proteinase inhibitor d. Fibrinogen e. Albumin

Description : Answer: a, b, c, d Free oxygen radicals are chemical species that are intermediates in the normal process of cellular respiration. Oxidants that are free radicals have been implicated as initiators of ... a. C-reactive protein b. Serum amyloid c. a -Proteinase inhibitor d. Fibrinogen e. Albumin

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d The acute-phase response is a series of homeostatic responses of the organism to tissue injury in infection and inflammation. After an inflammatory stimulus occurs, a number ... 30% to 50% of the level before injury. The reason for the decrease in production is poorly understood

Sodium fluorescein: a. has a higher affinity for plasma protein than indocyanine green. b. does not leak from the choroidal vasculature. c. does not leak from normal retinal vasculature. d. emits light of longer wavelengths than the one it absorbs

Description : Sodium fluorescein: a. has a higher affinity for plasma protein than indocyanine green. b. does not leak from the choroidal vasculature. c. does not leak from normal retinal vasculature. d. emits light of longer wavelengths than the one it absorbs

Last Answer : does not leak from normal retinal vasculature.

The following are true about the tear film: a. the normal volume is about 20 ul b. its main protein content is made up of immunoglobulins c. the lysozyme concentration is the greatest d. the concentration of Ig A is greater than that of Ig G

Description : The following are true about the tear film: a. the normal volume is about 20 ul b. its main protein content is made up of immunoglobulins c. the lysozyme concentration is the greatest d. the concentration of Ig A is greater than that of Ig G

Last Answer : the lysozyme concentration is the greatest

What process does the higher concentration of potassium than the surrounding blood plasma?

Description : What process does the higher concentration of potassium than the surrounding blood plasma?

Last Answer : Feel Free to Answer

The highest concentration of proteins is present in (A) Plasma (B) Interstitial fluid (C) Interstitial fluid (D) Transcellular fluid

Description : The highest concentration of proteins is present in (A) Plasma (B) Interstitial fluid (C) Interstitial fluid (D) Transcellular fluid

Last Answer : Answer : C

Epinephrine increases the concentration of free fatty acids in plasma by increasing (A) Extramitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (B) Mitochondrial fatty acid chain elongation (C) Microsomal fatty acid chain elongation (D) Lipolysis in adipose tissue

Description : Epinephrine increases the concentration of free fatty acids in plasma by increasing (A) Extramitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (B) Mitochondrial fatty acid chain elongation (C) Microsomal fatty acid chain elongation (D) Lipolysis in adipose tissue

Last Answer : Answer : D

A high concentration of PTH in blood causes (A) Increase in plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorous (B) Decrease in plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorous (C) Increase in plasma calcium and decrease in plasma inorganic phosphorous (D) Decrease in plasma calcium and increase in plasma inorganic phosphorous

Description : A high concentration of PTH in blood causes (A) Increase in plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorous (B) Decrease in plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorous (C) Increase in plasma calcium ... in plasma inorganic phosphorous (D) Decrease in plasma calcium and increase in plasma inorganic phosphorous

Last Answer : Answer : C

In the resting state plasma concentration of cortisol is (A) 0.4–2.0 µg/100 ml (B) 2.0–4.0 µg/100 ml (C) 5.0–15.0 µg/100 ml (D) 18.0–25.0 µg/100 ml

Description : In the resting state plasma concentration of cortisol is (A) 0.4–2.0 µg/100 ml (B) 2.0–4.0 µg/100 ml (C) 5.0–15.0 µg/100 ml (D) 18.0–25.0 µg/100 ml

Last Answer : Answer : C

The circulating concentration of ACTH in plasma is (A) 0.05 mµ/100 ml (B) 0.1–2.0 mµ/100 ml (C) 2.5–3.5 mµ/100 ml (D) 3.0–5.0 mµ/100 ml

Description : The circulating concentration of ACTH in plasma is (A) 0.05 mµ/100 ml (B) 0.1–2.0 mµ/100 ml (C) 2.5–3.5 mµ/100 ml (D) 3.0–5.0 mµ/100 ml

Last Answer : Answer : B

Plasma non-functional enzymes are (A) totally absent (B) low concentration in plastic (C) important for diagnosis of several disease (D) All of these

Description : Plasma non-functional enzymes are (A) totally absent (B) low concentration in plastic (C) important for diagnosis of several disease (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : D

In allergic diseases, the concentration of the following is increased in plasma: (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgD (D) IgE

Description : In allergic diseases, the concentration of the following is increased in plasma: (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgD (D) IgE

Last Answer : Answer : D

The plasma concentration of IgA is (A) 1–5 mg/dl (B) 40–200 mg/dl (C) 60–500 mg/dl (D) 700–1,500 mg/dl

Description : The plasma concentration of IgA is (A) 1–5 mg/dl (B) 40–200 mg/dl (C) 60–500 mg/dl (D) 700–1,500 mg/dl

Last Answer : Answer : C

A striking feature of living cells is a marked difference between the composition of the cytosol and the extracellular milieu. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the mechanisms of maintenance of these differences is/are true? a. The cell membrane is able to maintain a 10,000 fold gradient between the extracellular concentration of ionized calcium and the intracellular concentration b. The key to these differences is the fact that the plasma membrane is normally impermeable to sodium, potassium and calcium c. The selectivity of biologic membranes is highly consistent and seldom changes d. The selectivity of cell membranes relates only to ions and not organic compounds

Description : A striking feature of living cells is a marked difference between the composition of the cytosol and the extracellular milieu. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the mechanisms of maintenance ... d. The selectivity of cell membranes relates only to ions and not organic compounds

Last Answer : Answer: a The survival of the cell requires that cytosolic composition be maintained within narrow limits, despite the constant influx of nutrients and the simultaneous outflow of waste. A ... be altered drastically as a result of regulatory or signaling processes that occur within the cell

Relatively higher dose of theophylline is required to attain therapeutics plasma concentration in (a) Smokers (b) Congestive heart failure patients (c) Those receiving erythromycin (d) Those receiving cimetidine

Description : Relatively higher dose of theophylline is required to attain therapeutics plasma concentration in (a) Smokers (b) Congestive heart failure patients (c) Those receiving erythromycin (d) Those receiving cimetidine

Last Answer : Ans: A

Which one of the following drugs increase digoxin plasma concentration by a pharmacokinetic mechanism? (a) Captopril (b) Hydrochorothiazide (c) Lidocaine (d) Quinidine (e) Sulfasalazine

Description : Which one of the following drugs increase digoxin plasma concentration by a pharmacokinetic mechanism? (a) Captopril (b) Hydrochorothiazide (c) Lidocaine (d) Quinidine (e) Sulfasalazine

Last Answer : Ans: D

How is the concentration of drugs in human plasma defined ?

Description : How is the concentration of drugs in human plasma defined ?

Last Answer : Some drugs bind extensively to plasma proteins (Warfarin binds 99%) whereas others have virtually no binding. Extraction depends on the type of drug - there are different standard techniques for acidic, ... but such controls are again specific for each drug and use specific marker compounds.

Hyperventilation causes: a. an alkaline urine b. a fall in the plasma bicarbonate concentration c. increased cardiac output d. all above

Description : Hyperventilation causes: a. an alkaline urine b. a fall in the plasma bicarbonate concentration c. increased cardiac output d. all above

Last Answer : all above

Aldosterone secretion is controlled by: a. plasma sodium concentration b. plasma calcium concentration c. plasma potassium concentration d. angiotensin II

Description : Aldosterone secretion is controlled by: a. plasma sodium concentration b. plasma calcium concentration c. plasma potassium concentration d. angiotensin II

Last Answer : angiotensin II

The following are true about calcium regulating hormones: a. calcitonin increases the plasma calcium concentration b. vitamin D is produced in the skin c. vitamin D is metabolized to its active form in the liver and kidney. d. vitamin D increases calcium absorption from the gut

Description : The following are true about calcium regulating hormones: a. calcitonin increases the plasma calcium concentration b. vitamin D is produced in the skin c. vitamin D is metabolized to its active form in the liver and kidney. d. vitamin D increases calcium absorption from the gut

Last Answer : vitamin D increases calcium absorption from the gut

The following have a lower concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than plasma: a. glucose b. sodium c. potassium d. magnesium

Description : The following have a lower concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than plasma: a. glucose b. sodium c. potassium d. magnesium

Last Answer : magnesium

The Volume of distribution of a drug administered at a dose of 300 mg and exhibiting 30 microgram/mL instantaneous concentration in plasma shall be (A)10 L (B) 100 L (C) 1.0 L (D) 0.10 L

Description : The Volume of distribution of a drug administered at a dose of 300 mg and exhibiting 30 microgram/mL instantaneous concentration in plasma shall be (A)10 L (B) 100 L (C) 1.0 L (D) 0.10 L

Last Answer : (A)10 L

The following adverse effect(s) of phenytoin is/are related to high plasma drug concentration: A. Ataxia B. Hirsutism C. Gum hyperplasia D. All of the above

Description : The following adverse effect(s) of phenytoin is/are related to high plasma drug concentration: A. Ataxia B. Hirsutism C. Gum hyperplasia D. All of the above

Last Answer : A. Ataxia

The following statement is not correct for uremic patients: A. Attainment of steady-state plasma concentration of drugs eliminated through the kidney is hastened B. Pethidine can cause seizures C. Diazepam produces exaggerated CNS depression D. Tetracyclines further raise blood urea level

Description : The following statement is not correct for uremic patients: A. Attainment of steady-state plasma concentration of drugs eliminated through the kidney is hastened B. Pethidine can cause seizures C. Diazepam produces exaggerated CNS depression D. Tetracyclines further raise blood urea level

Last Answer : A. Attainment of steady-state plasma concentration of drugs eliminated through the kidney is hastened

Monitoring plasma drug concentration is useful while using: A. Antihypertensive drugs B. Levodopa C. Lithium carbonate D. MAO inhibitors

Description : Monitoring plasma drug concentration is useful while using: A. Antihypertensive drugs B. Levodopa C. Lithium carbonate D. MAO inhibitors

Last Answer : C. Lithium carbonate

When the same dose of a drug is repeated at half life intervals, the steady-state (plateau) plasma drug concentration is reached after: A. 2–3 half lives B. 4–5 half lives C. 6–7 half lives D. 8–10 half lives

Description : When the same dose of a drug is repeated at half life intervals, the steady-state (plateau) plasma drug concentration is reached after: A. 2–3 half lives B. 4–5 half lives C. 6–7 half lives D. 8–10 half lives

Last Answer : B. 4–5 half lives

If the clearance of a drug remains constant, doubling the dose rate will increase the steady-state plasma drug concentration by a factor of: A. × 3 B. × 2 C. × 1.5 D. × 1.3

Description : If the clearance of a drug remains constant, doubling the dose rate will increase the steady-state plasma drug concentration by a factor of: A. × 3 B. × 2 C. × 1.5 D. × 1.3

Last Answer : B. × 2

If a drug is excreted in urine at the rate of 10 mg/hr at a steady-state plasma concentration of 5 mg/L, then its renal clearance is: A. 0.5 L/hr B. 2.0 L/hr C. 5.0 L/hr D. 20 L/hr

Description : The plasma half life of penicillin-G is longer in the new born because their: A. Plasma protein level is low B. Drug metabolizing enzymes are immature C. Glomerular filtration rate is low D. Tubular transport mechanisms are not well developed

Last Answer : B. Drug metabolizing enzymes are immature

If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μg/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Description : If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μg/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Last Answer : B. 80 L

2 If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μg/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Description : 2 If the total amount of a drug present in the body at a given moment is 2.0 g and its plasma concentration is 25 μg/ml, its volume of distribution is: A. 100 L B. 80 L C. 60 L D. 50 L

Last Answer : B. 80 L

Transdermal drug delivery systems offer the following advantages except: A. They produce high peak plasma concentration of the drug B. They produce smooth and nonfluctuating plasma concentration of the drug C. They minimise interindividual variations in the achieved plasma drug concentration D. They avoid hepatic first-pass metabolism of the drug

Description : Transdermal drug delivery systems offer the following advantages except: A. They produce high peak plasma concentration of the drug B. They produce smooth and nonfluctuating plasma concentration of the ... the achieved plasma drug concentration D. They avoid hepatic first-pass metabolism of the drug

Last Answer : A. They produce high peak plasma concentration of the drug

Which of the following drugs inhibits theophylline metabolism and raises its plasma concentration: A. Phenytoin B. Ciprofloxacin C. Levofloxacin D. Rifampicin

Description : Which of the following drugs inhibits theophylline metabolism and raises its plasma concentration: A. Phenytoin B. Ciprofloxacin C. Levofloxacin D. Rifampicin

Last Answer : B. Ciprofloxacin

Relatively higher dose of theophylline is required to attain therapeutic plasma concentration in: A. Smokers B. Congestive heart failure patients C. Those receiving erythromycin D. Those receiving cimetidine

Description : Relatively higher dose of theophylline is required to attain therapeutic plasma concentration in: A. Smokers B. Congestive heart failure patients C. Those receiving erythromycin D. Those receiving cimetidine

Last Answer : A. Smokers

Allopurinol lowers the plasma concentration of: A. Hypoxanthine B. Xanthine C. Uric acid D. All of the above

Description : Allopurinol lowers the plasma concentration of: A. Hypoxanthine B. Xanthine C. Uric acid D. All of the above

Last Answer : C. Uric acid

The following statement is not correct for uremic patients: A. Attainment of steady-state plasma concentration of drugs eliminated through the kidney is hastened B. Pethidine can cause seizures C. Diazepam produces exaggerated CNS depression D. Tetracyclines further raise blood urea level

Description : The following statement is not correct for uremic patients: A. Attainment of steady-state plasma concentration of drugs eliminated through the kidney is hastened B. Pethidine can cause seizures C. Diazepam produces exaggerated CNS depression D. Tetracyclines further raise blood urea level

Last Answer : A. Attainment of steady-state plasma concentration of drugs eliminated through the kidney is hastened

Monitoring plasma drug concentration is useful while using: A. Antihypertensive drugs B. Levodopa C. Lithium carbonate D. MAO inhibitors

Description : Monitoring plasma drug concentration is useful while using: A. Antihypertensive drugs B. Levodopa C. Lithium carbonate D. MAO inhibitors

Last Answer : C. Lithium carbonate

When the same dose of a drug is repeated at half life intervals, the steady-state (plateau) plasma drug concentration is reached after: A. 2–3 half lives B. 4–5 half lives C. 6–7 half lives D. 8–10 half lives

Description : When the same dose of a drug is repeated at half life intervals, the steady-state (plateau) plasma drug concentration is reached after: A. 2–3 half lives B. 4–5 half lives C. 6–7 half lives D. 8–10 half lives

Last Answer : B. 4–5 half lives

If the clearance of a drug remains constant, doubling the dose rate will increase the steady-state plasma drug concentration by a factor of: A. × 3 B. × 2 C. × 1.5 D. × 1.3

Description : If the clearance of a drug remains constant, doubling the dose rate will increase the steady-state plasma drug concentration by a factor of: A. × 3 B. × 2 C. × 1.5 D. × 1.3

Last Answer : B. × 2