Description : Which of the following statements about extracellular fluid are true? A. The total extracellular fluid volume represents 40% of the body weight. B. The plasma volume constitutes one fourth ... the interstitial fluid. E. The interstitial fluid equilibrates slowly with the other body compartments.
Last Answer : Answer: B DISCUSSION: The total extracellular fluid volume represents 20% of body weight. The plasma volume is approximately 5% of body weight. Sodium is the principal cation. The ... fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, the majority of the interstitial fluid exists as a rapidly equilibrating component
Description : The following have a lower concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than plasma: a. glucose b. sodium c. potassium d. magnesium
Last Answer : magnesium
Description : The normal concentration of potassium in human plasma in meq/I is about (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5
Last Answer : Answer : D
Description : A striking feature of living cells is a marked difference between the composition of the cytosol and the extracellular milieu. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the mechanisms of maintenance ... d. The selectivity of cell membranes relates only to ions and not organic compounds
Last Answer : Answer: a The survival of the cell requires that cytosolic composition be maintained within narrow limits, despite the constant influx of nutrients and the simultaneous outflow of waste. A ... be altered drastically as a result of regulatory or signaling processes that occur within the cell
Description : Aldosterone secretion is controlled by: a. plasma sodium concentration b. plasma calcium concentration c. plasma potassium concentration d. angiotensin II
Last Answer : angiotensin II
Description : Concentration of the following is higher in intracellular fluid than in extracellular fluid: (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Chloride (D) Bicarbonate
Last Answer : Answer : B
Description : The following are true about the lens: a. it has a higher concentration of sodium than potassium b. it has the highest concentration of protein than other organs in the body c. 90% of proteins in the lens are water-soluble d. gluthatione is reduced in cataract
Last Answer : gluthatione is reduced in cataract
Description : In the lens: a. the potassium concentration is higher than that of the sodium b. the majority of the lens protein are water soluble c. glutathione is increased in the presence of cataract d. all above
Last Answer : all above
Description : The following are found in higher concentration in the tear than in the serum: a. sodium b. potassium c. Ig G d. glucose
Last Answer : potassium
Description : The human lens: a. has a higher refractive index in the nucleus than the cortex b. contains a higher potassium concentration than the aqueous c. contains a higher concentration of sorbitol in diabetic patient than normal population d. all above
Description : True statements about the aqueous humour: a. has a higher lactic acid concentration than in the plasma b. the glucose levels is lower than that of the plasma levels c. the ascorbic acid ... same concentration of protein as in the plasma e. the rate of formation is about 2.5ul/minute
Last Answer : has a higher lactic acid concentration than in the plasma
Description : Relatively higher dose of theophylline is required to attain therapeutics plasma concentration in (a) Smokers (b) Congestive heart failure patients (c) Those receiving erythromycin (d) Those receiving cimetidine
Last Answer : Ans: A
Description : Relatively higher dose of theophylline is required to attain therapeutic plasma concentration in: A. Smokers B. Congestive heart failure patients C. Those receiving erythromycin D. Those receiving cimetidine
Last Answer : A. Smokers
Description : The second law of thermodynamics states that (A) The energy change of a system undergoing any reversible process is zero (B) It is not possible to transfer heat from a lower temperature to a higher temperature (C) The total energy of system and surrounding remains the same (D) None of the above
Last Answer : (D) None of the above
Description : Which is the principal cation in the plasma of the blood? (a) Potassium (b) Magnesium (c) Calcium (d) Sodium
Last Answer : d) Sodium
Description : The normal concentration of potassium in whole blood is (A) 50 mg/100 ml (B) 100 mg/100 ml (C) 150 mg/100 ml (D) 200 mg/100 ml
Description : Which of the following statements are true of a patient with hyperglycemia and hyponatremia? A. The sodium concentration must be corrected by 5 mEq. per 100 mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood ... . E. Early in treatment adequate urine output is a reliable measure of adequate volume resuscitation.
Last Answer : Answer: D DISCUSSION: Each 100-mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood glucose causes a fall in serum sodium concentration of approximately 2 mEq. per liter. Excess serum glucose ... correction of the patient's associated acidosis produce movement of potassium ions into the intracellular compartment
Description : Which one of the following is characteristic of captopril and enalapril ? (a) Competitively blocks angiotensim II at its receptor (b) Decreases angiotensin II concentration in the blood (c) Decreases ... and decreases potassium in the blood (e) Decreases sodium and increases potassium in the urine
Last Answer : Ans: B
Description : A high concentration of PTH in blood causes (A) Increase in plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorous (B) Decrease in plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorous (C) Increase in plasma calcium ... in plasma inorganic phosphorous (D) Decrease in plasma calcium and increase in plasma inorganic phosphorous
Last Answer : Answer : C
Description : The following statement is not correct for uremic patients: A. Attainment of steady-state plasma concentration of drugs eliminated through the kidney is hastened B. Pethidine can cause seizures C. Diazepam produces exaggerated CNS depression D. Tetracyclines further raise blood urea level
Last Answer : A. Attainment of steady-state plasma concentration of drugs eliminated through the kidney is hastened
Description : Anion gap is the difference in the plasma concentrations of (A) (Chloride) – (Bicarbonate) (B) (Sodium) – (Chloride) (C) (Sodium + Potassium) – (Chloride + Bicarbonate) (D) (Sum of cations) – (Sum of anions)
Description : Seminal plasma in human males is rich in (a) fructose and calcium (b) glucose and calcium (c) DNA and testosterone (d) ribose and potassium.
Last Answer : (a) fructose and calcium
Description : Human urine is usually acidic because (a) potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity (b) hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate (c) the sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for each sodium ion, in peritubular capillaries (d) excreted plasma proteins are acidic.
Last Answer : (b) hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate
Description : n addition to counteracting potassium loss, triamterene also opposes the following consequence of thiazide/furosemide therapy: A. Hyperuricaemia B. Rise in plasma LDL-cholesterol C. Magnesium loss D. Both ‘A’ and ‘C’ are correct
Last Answer : C. Magnesium loss
Description : Pick out the wrong statement. (A) The binary diffusivity in liquids is of the order of 10 -5 cm2 /sec (B) Molecular diffusion in solid is much faster than that in liquids ( ... Poiseuille's law, the permeability decreases with increase in temperature for flow of a gas through a given capillary
Last Answer : (B) Molecular diffusion in solid is much faster than that in liquids
Description : Contact process of sulphuric acid manufacture (A) Yields acid of higher concentration than chamber process (B) Yields acids of lower concentration than chamber process (C) Is obsolete (D) Eliminates absorber
Last Answer : (A) Yields acid of higher concentration than chamber process
Description : Regarding the antibacterial action of gentamicin, which one of the following statements is most accurate? (a) Efficacy is directly proportionate to the time that the plasma level of the drug is ... an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis (e) The antibacterial action of gentamicin is time - dependent
Last Answer : Ans: C
Description : The following are true about cerebrospinal fluid: a. it has a greater buffering capacity than plasma b. it has a similar chloride concentration to plasma c. it is a plasma ultrafiltrate d. the rate of formation is dependent on the intraventricular pressure over the normal pressure range
Last Answer : it is a plasma ultrafiltrate
Description : Supercharging is the process of a. supplying the engine with air at a density greater than the density of the surrounding atmosphere b. providing forced cooling air c. injecting excess fuel d. raising the exhaust pressure
Last Answer : ANSWER a. supplying the engine with air at a density greater than the density of the surrounding atmosphere
Description : One of the symptoms of low serum potassium concentration includes (A) Muscle weakness (B) Confusion (C) Numbness (D) Tingling of extremities WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE 283
Last Answer : Answer : A
Description : The normal concentration of potassium in cells in ng/100 ml is about (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 350 (D) 440
Description : One of the potent st imu lators of aldosterone secretion is (A) Increased sodium concentration (B) Decreased potassium concentration (C) Increased potassium concentration (D) Increased ECF volume
Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning initial microbiologic diagnostic techniques. a. Appropriate expeditious transport of specimens to the microbiology laboratory is essential for obtaining accurate ... a 4-to 8-fold increase over the MIC to be considered clinically efficacious.
Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d Because most surgical infections are polymicrobial, specimens should be cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, as well as fungi. Although aerobic and aerotolerant ... fold increase over MIC during the peak serum level have been demonstrated to be clinically efficacious
Description : . Vasodilatation occurs in: a. increased lactate concentration. b. decreased in skin temperature c. increased hydrogen ions concentration d. increased in potassium concentration
Last Answer : increased in potassium concentration
Description : Sodium ions are "pumped" from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration in the nerve cells of humans. This process is an example of (A) Diffusion (B) Passive transport (C) Osmosis (D) Active transport
Last Answer : (D) Active transport
Description : Which of the following pairs of reaction occurs most frquently in the blood surrounding alveoli ?
Last Answer : Which of the following pairs of reaction occurs most frquently in the blood surrounding alveoli ? A. `Hb + O_(2) ... (2)CO_(3) rarr HCO_(3) + H^(+)`
Description : The endothelium: a. maintains the integrity of the corneal stroma through an ATP-Na+, K+-dependent pump b. receives its nutrient from the blood vessels surrounding the cornea c. undergoes multiplication in response to trauma d. contains tight junction between adjacent endothelium
Last Answer : maintains the integrity of the corneal stroma through an ATP-Na+, K+-dependent pump
Description : Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of the human nephron? (a) Podocytes : create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the ... blood capillaries (d) Afferent arteriole : carries the blood away from the glomerulus towards renal vein.
Last Answer : (a) Podocytes : create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman’s capsule
Description : A malignant tumor a) gains access to the blood and lymphatic channels. By this mechanism, the tumor metastasizes to other areas of the body. b) demonstrates cells that are well- ... malignant tumor grows at the periphery and sends out processes that infiltrate and destroy surrounding tissues.
Last Answer : a) gains access to the blood and lymphatic channels. By this mechanism, the tumor metastasizes to other areas of the body.
Description : What is the normal plasma protein concentration? -Biology
Last Answer : answer:
Description : The highest concentration of proteins is present in (A) Plasma (B) Interstitial fluid (C) Interstitial fluid (D) Transcellular fluid
Description : The normal concentration of chloride in mg/100 ml of plasma is about (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 365 (D) 450
Description : The normal concentration of sodium (in mg/100 ml) of human plasma is (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 250 (D) 330
Description : Epinephrine increases the concentration of free fatty acids in plasma by increasing (A) Extramitochondrial fatty acid synthesis (B) Mitochondrial fatty acid chain elongation (C) Microsomal fatty acid chain elongation (D) Lipolysis in adipose tissue
Description : In the resting state plasma concentration of cortisol is (A) 0.4–2.0 µg/100 ml (B) 2.0–4.0 µg/100 ml (C) 5.0–15.0 µg/100 ml (D) 18.0–25.0 µg/100 ml
Description : The circulating concentration of ACTH in plasma is (A) 0.05 mµ/100 ml (B) 0.1–2.0 mµ/100 ml (C) 2.5–3.5 mµ/100 ml (D) 3.0–5.0 mµ/100 ml
Description : Plasma non-functional enzymes are (A) totally absent (B) low concentration in plastic (C) important for diagnosis of several disease (D) All of these
Description : In allergic diseases, the concentration of the following is increased in plasma: (A) IgA (B) IgG (C) IgD (D) IgE
Description : The plasma concentration of IgA is (A) 1–5 mg/dl (B) 40–200 mg/dl (C) 60–500 mg/dl (D) 700–1,500 mg/dl