(a) As primary education became compulsory in late 19th century, children became an important category of readers. Therefore,Production of textbooks became important for publishing industry. A children’s press, for producing only children’s books, was set up in France in 1857.The press published fairytales and folktales. Grimm Brothers of Germany collected many stories from villages and edited them, before publishing them in 1812. Anything unsuitable for children was not published. (b) Women became not only important readers but writers also. Special magazines wereprinted for women which catered to their tastes. Penny magazines of England taught etiquette and house-keeping. Women became voracious readers of novels when they appeared and some of the best novelists of this period were women — Jane Austen, the Bronte sisters and George Eliot. They portrayed a different woman — strong, independent, determined, and able to think. (c) The white collar workers of England became members of lending libraries and read a lot.Workers, artisans and lower middle-class people educated themselves with the help of these libraries. In the mid-19th century, the working day was shortened and workers had more time for self-improvement. They not only read but started writing also — mostly political pamphlets and autobiographie