Description : Which of the following terms best fits the destruction of all living micobes, spores and viruses. a. Sanitization b. Sterilization c. Aseptic Technique d. Pasteurization
Last Answer : b. Sterilization
Description : The formation of _____ by_____ directly lyses and kills pathogens. a. Membrane Attack Complexes, complement b. Inflammation, lymph nodes c. antibodies, plasma cells d. Plasma cells, B cells
Last Answer : a. Membrane Attack Complexes, complement
Description : _____ responds to, distinguishes between and remembers specific pathogens it has encountered. a. Acquired immunity b. Innate immunity c. Humoral immunity d. Cell-mediated immunity
Last Answer : a. Acquired immunity
Description : The site where a pathogen enters the body is commonly called the _____ while the number of pathogens necessary to establish an infection is the _____. a. Penetration Point; Dose b. Penetration Point; Acme c. Portal Of Entry; Dose d. Portal Of Entry; Acme
Last Answer : c. Portal Of Entry; Dose
Description : The modern refrigerator is set at _____ to provide a suitable environment for preserving food without destroying appearance, or taste. a. 30°F b. 35°F c. 40°F d. 45°F e. 50°F
Last Answer : c. 40°F
Description : The destruction of water-borne pathogens is termed as disinfection of water. Which of the following is a water disinfectant? (A) Chlorine (B) Alkalis (C) Benzene hexachloride (D) Alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS)
Last Answer : (A) Chlorine
Description : All the following are chemical parameters considered when selecting an antiseptic or disinfectant except: a. Dehydration. b. Temperature. c. Stability. d. Ph
Last Answer : b. Temperature.
Description : Which of the following chemicals are halogens used for disinfection? a. Phenol b. Alcohol c. Detergent d. Chlorine
Last Answer : d. Chlorine
Description : Complete destruction of the microorganisms is commonly known as A- disinfection B- sterilization C- antisepsis D- none of these
Last Answer : antisepsis
Description : An attenuated vaccine is one that a. Can provide life-long immunity. b. Contains live microbes or viruses. c. Is closest to the natural pathogens. d. All the above (a-c) are correct.
Last Answer : d. All the above (a-c) are correct.
Description : TH1 cells activate a. B cells. b. Killing of pathogens in macrophages. c. Cytotoxic T cells. d. Humoral immunity.
Last Answer : d. Humoral immunity
Description : Which of the following is a barrier to entry of pathogens? a. the skin b. tears c. nasal mucosa d. A-C are correct
Last Answer : d. A-C are correct
Description : Which one of the following statements is NOT true of innate immunity? a. It is an early-warning system against pathogens. b. It is a form of immunity found only in vertebrates. c. It is a nonspecific response. d. It responds within minutes to many infections.
Last Answer : b. It is a form of immunity found only in vertebrates.
Description : Hdrogen peroxide a. Is An Effective Sterilant. b. Cross-Links Proteins And Nucleic Acids. c. Can Emulsify And Solubilize Pathogens. d. Is Not Recommended For Use On Open Wounds.
Last Answer : a. Is An Effective Sterilant.
Description : The elimination of pathogens in foods by irradiation is called a. The D Value. b. The Pasteurizing Dose. c. Incineration. d. Sterilization.
Last Answer : b. The Pasteurizing Dose.
Description : The thermal death time is a. The Time To Kill A Microbial Population At A Given Temperature. b. The Time To Kill A Microbial Population In Boiling Water. c. The Temperature To Kill All Pathogens. d. The Minimal Temperature Need To Kill A Microbial Population.
Last Answer : a. The Time To Kill A Microbial Population At A Given Temperature.
Description : In terms of temperature tolerance, human pathogens tend to be a. Psychrophilic b. Thermophiles c. Mesophylls d. Hyper thermophiles
Last Answer : c. Mesophylls
Description : In water treatment plant, use of chloramines ensures _____ (1) taste and odour control (2) weed control in reservoirs (3) disinfection (4) removal of permanent hardness
Last Answer : disinfection
Description : What one word completes the sentence white blood cells help to defend against infection by producing antitoxins and by ingesting pathogens. they also produce _____ that help defend against infection.?
Last Answer : Antitoxins
Description : During the process of lysogeny _____. a. Phage DNA Integrates Into The Bacterial Chromosome. b. A Bacterium Acquires DNA From The External Environment. c. Competent Cells Receive Plasmids. d. New Phage Particles Are Assembled In The Host Bacterium.
Last Answer : a. Phage DNA Integrates Into The Bacterial Chromosome.
Description : The process of conjugation in bacteria requires that _____. a. Two Types Of Viruses Be Present. b. The Conjugating Bacteria Be Deprived Of Nutrients. c. Two Bacteria Exchange Dna. d. Two Live Bacteria Come Together.
Last Answer : d. Two Live Bacteria Come Together.
Description : Under certain circumstances, the gut may become a source of sepsis and serve as the motor of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Microbial translocation is the process by which microorganisms ... intestinal mucosal permeability c. Decreased host defense mechanisms d. Lack of enteral feeding
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d 99 Translocation is promoted in three general ways: 1) altered permeability of the intestinal mucosa as caused by shock, sepsis, distant injury, or cell toxins; 2) ... trauma patient d. Fifty percent of non-nitrogen caloric requirements should be provided in the form of fat
Description : In water treatment, alum [Al2 (SO4 )3 ] is used for the process of (A) Filtration (B) Coagulation (C) Sedimentation (D) Disinfection
Last Answer : (B) Coagulation
Description : Infective bacteria in water is killed by the __________ process. (A) Sterilisation (B) Aeration (C) Disinfection (D) None of these
Last Answer : (A) Sterilisation
Description : __________ is the process of killing organism in water. (A) Coagulation (B) Sterilisation (C) Disinfection (D) Sedimentation
Last Answer : (C) Disinfection
Description : Very fine suspended and colloidal impurities are removed from water by a process called (A) Sedimentation (B) Coagulation (C) Disinfection (D) Softening
Description : The best process of disinfection of public water supply, is by (A) Boiling (B) Chlorination (C) Adding lime (D) Adding ozone
Last Answer : (B) Chlorination
Description : One indirect way to determine microbial growth is using a _____. a. UV light b. Spectrophotometer c. Light meter d. Radioactive counter
Last Answer : b. Spectrophotometer
Description : _____ from the mold Aspergillus oryzaeis used as a spot remover in laundry presoaks, as an adhesive, and in baking, where it digests starch to glucose. a. Amylase b. Lactase c. Sucrase d. Maltase
Last Answer : a. Amylase
Description : The alcoholic content of beer is approximately _____. a. 0.02 b. 0.04 c. 0.06 d. 0.08
Last Answer : b. 0.04
Description : : In the United States, distilled beverages are designated with a "proof number," which is _____ the percentage of the alcohol content. a. half b. one fourth c. twice d. 4 times
Last Answer : c. twice
Description : To the present time, over _____ antibiotic substances have been described and approximately _____ such drugs are available to the medical practitioner. a. 10,000; 100 b. 8,000; 100 c. 6000; 300 d. 4,000; 400
Last Answer : b. 8,000; 100
Description : When the Exxon Valdez oil spill occurred, technologists "fertilized" the oil-soaked water with _____ to modify the environment and stimulate he growth of naturally occurring microorganisms. a. nitrogen sources (e.g., urea) b. phosphorus compounds c. other mineral nutrients d. A-C above are correct
Last Answer : d. A-C above are correct
Description : Bacillus subtilis makes a good "bacterial factory" in genetic engineering because _____. a. it normally retains the products it makes b. it is not a human pathogen c. contains endotoxins in it's cell wall d. traditionally ferments sugars
Last Answer : b. it is not a human pathogen
Description : One of the benefits of biofilms is _____. a. quorum sensing b. keeping aquariums clean c. bioremediation of toxic wastes d. production of oil
Last Answer : c. bioremediation of toxic wastes
Description : Rhizobium fixes nitrogens in the roots of _____, so they don't need to be fertilized; in fact they add nitrogen to the soil. a. corn b. legumes c. wheat d. grasses e. oats
Last Answer : b. legumes
Description : Some scientists‘ estimate that in nature, _____ of all microbial activities occur in biofilms. a. 0.25 b. 0.33 c. 0.45 d. 0.6 e. 0.99
Last Answer : e. 0.99
Description : _____ bacteria live as individuals and do not live in biofilms. a. Planktonic b. Anaerobic c. Aerobic d. Facultative anaerobic
Last Answer : a. Planktonic
Description : An emerging pathogen associated with contaminated water is _____. a. typhoid fever b. cholera c. shigellosis d. Vibrio vulnificus
Last Answer : d. Vibrio vulnificus
Description : Polluted water usually contains coliform bacteria like _____. a. Streptococcus b. Proteus c. Escherichia coli d. Pseudomonas
Last Answer : c. Escherichia coli
Description : _____ is water that is safe to drink. a. Potable water b. Surface water c. Well water d. Ground water
Last Answer : a. Potable water
Description : _____ is used to make processed cheeses and "cheese foods." a. Sour curd b. Sweet curd c. Whey d. Butterfat
Last Answer : c. Whey
Description : Two types of grain spoilage are _____ and _____. A. aflatoxins, ergotism a. botulism, ergotism b. Staphlococcus, Streptococcus c. aflatoxins, enterotoxins
Last Answer : A. aflatoxins, ergotism
Description : Many cases of _____ have been related to raw oysters. a. botulism b. cholera c. typhoid d. food poisoning
Last Answer : b. cholera
Description : Bacterial species in fish are naturally adapted to the cold environment in which most fish live and thus, _____ will not affect them; _____ is preferred. a. heating, cooking b. cooling, refrigeration c. warming, boiling d. cooling, freezing
Last Answer : d. cooling, freezing
Description : Spoiled food can be caused from _____. a. enterotoxins in food b. contaminating microorganisms from the air c. human food handling d. A-C are correct
Description : Antibiotics will not work against _____ diseases because they lack the structures and metabolic machinery with which antibiotics interfere. a. viral b. bacterial c. fungal d. protozoan
Last Answer : a. viral
Description : There are limited medications for fungi, protozoan and other parasites because they are _____ like us. a. heterotrophs b. multicellular c. macroscopic d. eukaryotes
Last Answer : d. eukaryotes
Description : _____ cause a yellow-gray-brown discoloration of teeth and stunted bones in children, which have limited its use to adults. a. Methicillin b. Vancomycin c. Tetracycline d. Erythromycin
Last Answer : c. Tetracycline
Description : Bacitracin, Polymyxin and Neomycin are used together for topical skin infections under the name of _____. a. Neosporin b. Vancomycin c. Cephalosporin d. Nystatin.
Last Answer : a. Neosporin