Esters and amides are most easily made by nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions on : (a) acid anhydrides (b) carboxylates (c) carboxylic acids (d) acid chlorides

Esters and amides are most easily made by nucleophilic acyl substitution
reactions on :
(a) acid anhydrides
(b) carboxylates
(c) carboxylic acids
(d) acid chlorides
by

1 Answer

Answer :

acid chlorides
by

Related questions

Esters can be formed by nucleophilic substitution reactions of : (a) carboxylic acids and alcohols ; acid-catalyzed (b) acid chlorides and alcohols (c) both of the above (d) neither of the above

Description : Esters can be formed by nucleophilic substitution reactions of : (a) carboxylic acids and alcohols ; acid-catalyzed (b) acid chlorides and alcohols (c) both of the above (d) neither of the above

Last Answer : both of the above

Which of the following acid-derivatives are most stable? (a) Acid chlorides (b) Esters (c) Amides (d) Anhydrides

Description : Which of the following acid-derivatives are most stable? (a) Acid chlorides (b) Esters (c) Amides (d) Anhydrides

Last Answer : Amides

Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions while esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? (a) The carbonyl carbon of an ester is more electrophilic than that of an aldehyde. (b) Aldehydes are more sterically hindered than esters. (c) Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, the tetrahedral intermediate is too sterically hindered to eliminate one of the attached groups. (d) Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, neither H− nor R− can be eliminated since they are strongly basic

Description : Why do aldehydes undergo nucleophilic addition reactions while esters undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions? (a) The carbonyl carbon of an ester is more electrophilic than that of an aldehyde. (b) ... adds to an aldehyde, neither H− nor R− can be eliminated since they are strongly basic

Last Answer : Once the nucleophile adds to an aldehyde, neither H− nor R− can be eliminated since they are strongly basic

Which of the following characterizes the reactions of aldehydes and ketones? (a) electrophilic addition (b) electrophilic substitution (c) nucleophilic acyl substitution (d) nucleophilic addition; free radical addition

Description : Which of the following characterizes the reactions of aldehydes and ketones? (a) electrophilic addition (b) electrophilic substitution (c) nucleophilic acyl substitution (d) nucleophilic addition; free radical addition

Last Answer : nucleophilic addition; free radical addition

Which of the following does not react with acyl chlorides to form amides : (a) ammonia (b) 1° amine (c) 2° amine (d) 3° amine

Description : Which of the following does not react with acyl chlorides to form amides : (a) ammonia (b) 1° amine (c) 2° amine (d) 3° amine

Last Answer : 3° amine

The characteristic reaction of carboxylic acids is : (a) electrophilic addition (b) electrophilic substitution (c) nucleophilic addition (d) nucleophilic substitution

Description : The characteristic reaction of carboxylic acids is : (a) electrophilic addition (b) electrophilic substitution (c) nucleophilic addition (d) nucleophilic substitution

Last Answer : nucleophilic substitution

Why does benzene undergo electrophilic substitution reactions easily and nucleophilic substitutions with difficulty?

Description : Why does benzene undergo electrophilic substitution reactions easily and nucleophilic substitutions with difficulty?

Last Answer : Ans. Due to the presence of an electron cloud containing 6 pi electrons above and below the plane of the ring, benzene is a source of electrons. Consequently, it attracts ... . As a result, benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions easily and nucleophilic substitution with difficulty.

Local anesthetics: A. Inhibit transmission of nerve impulses by increasing sodium membrane permeability and the displacement of ionized calcium. B. Are classified as amides or esters. C. Produce peripheral vasodilation. D. Are weak acids.

Description : Local anesthetics: A. Inhibit transmission of nerve impulses by increasing sodium membrane permeability and the displacement of ionized calcium. B. Are classified as amides or esters. C. Produce peripheral vasodilation. D. Are weak acids.

Last Answer : Answer: BC DISCUSSION: Local anesthetics act within the nerve membrane, where they inhibit transmission of nerve impulses by reducing sodium membrane permeability and the displacement of ionized ... based on this bond. All local anesthetics except cocaine produce vasodilatation and are weak bases

Which of the following chemical reactions does not lead to formation of a salt? w) Reaction of salts with acids. x) The reaction of base anhydrides with acid anhydrides. y) Action of water on oxides of nonmetals. z) Reaction of acid with base.

Description : Which of the following chemical reactions does not lead to formation of a salt? w) Reaction of salts with acids. x) The reaction of base anhydrides with acid anhydrides. y) Action of water on oxides of nonmetals. z) Reaction of acid with base.

Last Answer : ANSWER: Y -- ACTION OF WATER ON OXIDES OF NONMETALS. (If water reacts with oxides of nonmetals, an acid is formed.)

Which of the following statements is false about secondary amines? (a) They react with chloroform and NaOH to form isocyanides. (b) They can be prepared by reduction of isocyanides. (c) They react with acid chlorides to give substituted amides. (d) They react with ice-cold nitrous acid to give nitrosamine (yellow oil)

Description : Which of the following statements is false about secondary amines? (a) They react with chloroform and NaOH to form isocyanides. (b) They can be prepared by reduction of isocyanides. (c) They react ... give substituted amides. (d) They react with ice-cold nitrous acid to give nitrosamine (yellow oil)

Last Answer : They react with chloroform and NaOH to form isocyanides.

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of waxes? (a) long-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids (b) long-chain saturated carboxylic acids (c) long-chain esters (d) short-chain esters

Description : Which of the following statements best describes the structure of waxes? (a) long-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids (b) long-chain saturated carboxylic acids (c) long-chain esters (d) short-chain esters

Last Answer : long-chain esters

Amides undergo hydrolysis under acidic conditions to give (a) Carboxylic acid and amine (b) Carboxylic acid and ammonium ion (c) Carboxylate ion and ammonium ion (d) Carboxylate ion and amine

Description : Amides undergo hydrolysis under acidic conditions to give (a) Carboxylic acid and amine (b) Carboxylic acid and ammonium ion (c) Carboxylate ion and ammonium ion (d) Carboxylate ion and amine

Last Answer : Carboxylic acid and ammonium ion

Alkyl halides undergo (a) Electrophilic substitution reactions (b) Electrophilic addition reactions (c) Nucleophilic substitution reactions (d) Nucleophilic addition reactions

Description : Alkyl halides undergo (a) Electrophilic substitution reactions (b) Electrophilic addition reactions (c) Nucleophilic substitution reactions (d) Nucleophilic addition reactions

Last Answer : Nucleophilic substitution reactions

The enzyme amino acyl tRNA synthetase is involved in (A) Dissociation of discharged tRNA from 80S ribosome (B) Charging of tRNA with specific amino acids (C) Termination of protein synthesis (D) Nucleophilic attack on esterified carboxyl group of peptidyl tRNA

Description : The enzyme amino acyl tRNA synthetase is involved in (A) Dissociation of discharged tRNA from 80S ribosome (B) Charging of tRNA with specific amino acids (C) Termination of protein synthesis (D) Nucleophilic attack on esterified carboxyl group of peptidyl tRNA

Last Answer : Answer : B

Which of the following reactions is suitable for the preparation of α-amino acids? (a) Schmidt reaction (b) Hofmann's degradation of amides (c) Strecker's synthesis (b) Reduction of nitro compounds

Description : Which of the following reactions is suitable for the preparation of α-amino acids? (a) Schmidt reaction (b) Hofmann's degradation of amides (c) Strecker's synthesis (b) Reduction of nitro compounds

Last Answer : Strecker's synthesis

During preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, water or the ester formed should be removed as soon as it is formed.

Description : During preparation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst, water or the ester formed should be removed as soon as it is formed.

Last Answer : Ans. The formation of esters from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol in the presence of acid catalyst in a reversible reaction. To shift the equilibrium in the forward direction, the water or ester formed should be removed as fast as it is formed.

Explain why nucleophilic substitution reactions are not very common in phenols.

Description : Explain why nucleophilic substitution reactions are not very common in phenols.

Last Answer : Explain why nucleophilic substitution reactions are not very common in phenols.

(A) Ethyl chloride is more reactive than vinyl chloride towards nucleophilic substitution reactions. (R) Vinyl chloride is `+I` electron pushing group

Description : (A) Ethyl chloride is more reactive than vinyl chloride towards nucleophilic substitution reactions. (R) Vinyl chloride is `+I` electron pushing group

Last Answer : (A) Ethyl chloride is more reactive than vinyl chloride towards nucleophilic substitution reactions. (R) Vinyl ... A) is incorrect but (R) is correct.

Which of the following is the correct ranking in decreasing order of relative Boiling Point of carbonyl containing compounds? (a) primary amide > carboxylic acid >> ester ~ acyl chloride ~ aldehyde ~ ketone (b) ester > carboxylic acid >> amide ~ acyl chloride ~ aldehyde ~ ketone (c) aldehyde ~ ketone > carboxylic acid >> ester ~ acyl chloride ~ amide(d) carboxylic acid > amide >> ester ~ acyl chloride ~ aldehyde ~ ketone

Description : Which of the following is the correct ranking in decreasing order of relative Boiling Point of carbonyl containing compounds? (a) primary amide > carboxylic acid >> ester ~ acyl chloride ~ aldehyde ~ ketone ... chloride ~ amide (d) carboxylic acid > amide >> ester ~ acyl chloride ~ aldehyde ~ ketone

Last Answer : primary amide > carboxylic acid >> ester ~ acyl chloride ~ aldehyde ~ ketone

Acetyl chloride undergoes nucleophilic substitution at a faster rate than methyl acetate because __________. (a) the ester is more sterically hindered than the acid chloride (b) the acid chloride is more sterically hindered than the ester (c) the methoxide is a better leaving group than chloride (d) chloride is a better leaving group than methoxide

Description : Acetyl chloride undergoes nucleophilic substitution at a faster rate than methyl acetate because __________. (a) the ester is more sterically hindered than the acid chloride (b) the acid chloride is ... is a better leaving group than chloride (d) chloride is a better leaving group than methoxide

Last Answer : chloride is a better leaving group than methoxide

The nucleophilic attack on the esterified carboxyl group of the peptidyl-tRNA occupying the P site and the α-amino group of the new amino acyl tRNA, the number of ATP required by the amino acid on the charged tRNA is (A) Zero (B) One (C) Two (D) Four

Description : The nucleophilic attack on the esterified carboxyl group of the peptidyl-tRNA occupying the P site and the α-amino group of the new amino acyl tRNA, the number of ATP required by the amino acid on the charged tRNA is (A) Zero (B) One (C) Two (D) Four

Last Answer : Answer : A

Long chain fatty acyl CoA esters are transported across the mitochondrial membrane by (A) cAMP (B) Prostaglandin (C) Carnitine (D) Choline

Description : Long chain fatty acyl CoA esters are transported across the mitochondrial membrane by (A) cAMP (B) Prostaglandin (C) Carnitine (D) Choline

Last Answer : Answer : C

Quinoline undergoes nucleophilic substitution on heating with NaNH2 to give (a) 2-Aminoquinoline (b) 4-Aminoquinoline (c) 3-Aminoquinoline (d) 8-Aminoquinoline

Description : Quinoline undergoes nucleophilic substitution on heating with NaNH2 to give (a) 2-Aminoquinoline (b) 4-Aminoquinoline (c) 3-Aminoquinoline (d) 8-Aminoquinoline

Last Answer : 2-Aminoquinoline

Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution as compared to alkyl halides due to (a) Inductive effect (b) Resonance stabilization (c) Tautomerism (d) Stereoisomerism

Description : Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution as compared to alkyl halides due to (a) Inductive effect (b) Resonance stabilization (c) Tautomerism (d) Stereoisomerism

Last Answer : Resonance stabilization

Benzene reacts with concentrated HNO3 in the presence of concentrated H2SO4 to give nitrobenzene. This reaction is an example of (a) Electrophilic addition (b) Nucleophilic addition (c) Electrophilic substitution (d) Nucleophilic substitution

Description : Benzene reacts with concentrated HNO3 in the presence of concentrated H2SO4 to give nitrobenzene. This reaction is an example of (a) Electrophilic addition (b) Nucleophilic addition (c) Electrophilic substitution (d) Nucleophilic substitution

Last Answer : Electrophilic substitution

Benzene reacts with concentrated HNO3 in the presence of concentrated H2SO4 to give nitrobenzene. This reaction is an example of (a) Electrophilic addition (b) Nucleophilic addition (c) Electrophilic substitution (d) Nucleophilic substitution

Description : Benzene reacts with concentrated HNO3 in the presence of concentrated H2SO4 to give nitrobenzene. This reaction is an example of (a) Electrophilic addition (b) Nucleophilic addition (c) Electrophilic substitution (d) Nucleophilic substitution

Last Answer : Electrophilic substitution

Acetone reacts with HCN to form a cyanohydrin. It is an example of (a) Electrophilic addition (b) Electrophilic substitution (c) Nucleophilic addition(d) Nucleophilic substitution

Description : Acetone reacts with HCN to form a cyanohydrin. It is an example of (a) Electrophilic addition (b) Electrophilic substitution (c) Nucleophilic addition (d) Nucleophilic substitution

Last Answer : Nucleophilic addition

Which alkyl halides react most readily by nucleophilic substitution? (a) CH3CH2Cl (b) CH3CH2I (c) CH3CH2Br (d) CH3CH2F

Description : Which alkyl halides react most readily by nucleophilic substitution? (a) CH3CH2Cl (b) CH3CH2I (c) CH3CH2Br (d) CH3CH2F

Last Answer : CH3CH2I

Propene reacts with bromine to form 1,2-dibromopropane. This is an example of (a) Nucleophilic addition (b) Electrophilic addition (c) Nucleophilic substitution (d) Electrophilic substitution

Description : Propene reacts with bromine to form 1,2-dibromopropane. This is an example of (a) Nucleophilic addition (b) Electrophilic addition (c) Nucleophilic substitution (d) Electrophilic substitution

Last Answer : Electrophilic addition

Ethylene is obtained from ethyl bromide by : (a) Simple heating (b) Hydrolysis (c) Dehydrohalogenation (d) Nucleophilic substitution

Description : Ethylene is obtained from ethyl bromide by : (a) Simple heating (b) Hydrolysis (c) Dehydrohalogenation (d) Nucleophilic substitution

Last Answer : Dehydrohalogenation

The chlorination of methane to give CCl4 is an example of (a) an electrophilic addition (b) a free-radical substitution (c) a nucleophilic addition (d) an electrophilic substitution

Description : The chlorination of methane to give CCl4 is an example of (a) an electrophilic addition (b) a free-radical substitution (c) a nucleophilic addition (d) an electrophilic substitution

Last Answer : a free-radical substitution

The α-amino group of the new amino acyl tRNA in the A site carries out a nucleophilic attack on the esterified carboxyl group of the peptidyl tRNA occupying the P site. This reaction is catalysed by (A) DNA polymerase (B) RNA polymerase (C) Peptidyl transferase (D) DNA ligase

Description : The α-amino group of the new amino acyl tRNA in the A site carries out a nucleophilic attack on the esterified carboxyl group of the peptidyl tRNA occupying the P site. This reaction is catalysed by (A) DNA polymerase (B) RNA polymerase (C) Peptidyl transferase (D) DNA ligase

Last Answer : Answer : C

The carbon chain of fatty acids is shortened by 2 carbon atoms at a time. This involves successive reactions catalysed by 4-enzymes. These act the following order: (A) Acetyl CoA dehydrogenase, β-OH acyl CoA dehydrogenase, enoyl hydrase, thiolose (B) Acyl CoA dehydrogenase, thiolase, enoyl hydrase, β-OH acyl CoA dehydrogenase (C) Acyl CoA dehydrogenase, thiolose, enoyl hydrase, β-OH acyl CoA dehydrogenase (D) Enoyl hydrase, β-OH acyl CoA dehydrogenase, acyl CoA dehydrogenase, thiolose,

Description : The carbon chain of fatty acids is shortened by 2 carbon atoms at a time. This involves successive reactions catalysed by 4-enzymes. These act the following order: (A) Acetyl CoA dehydrogenase, ... CoA dehydrogenase (D) Enoyl hydrase, β-OH acyl CoA dehydrogenase, acyl CoA dehydrogenase, thiolose,

Last Answer : Answer : B

Which of the following can undergo nucleophilic substitution under ordinary conditions? I Allyl chloride II Benzyl chloride III n-Propyl chloride IV V

Description : Which of the following can undergo nucleophilic substitution under ordinary conditions? I Allyl chloride II Benzyl chloride III n-Propyl chloride IV V

Last Answer : Which of the following can undergo nucleophilic substitution under ordinary conditions? I Allyl chloride II ... are correct D. I and III are correct

Which of the following undergoes nucleophilic substitution exclusively by `S_(N^(1))` mechanism?

Description : Which of the following undergoes nucleophilic substitution exclusively by `S_(N^(1))` mechanism?

Last Answer : Which of the following undergoes nucleophilic substitution exclusively by `S_(N^(1))` ... Isopropyl chloride C. Chlorobenzene D. Benzyl chloride

Which one of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction ?

Description : Which one of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction ?

Last Answer : Which one of the following is most reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reaction ? A. `H_(2)C=CH-Cl` B. ` ... 3)CH=CHCl` D. `ClCH_(2)-CH=CH_(2)`

Which of the following is least reactive in a nucleophilic substitution reaction?

Description : Which of the following is least reactive in a nucleophilic substitution reaction?

Last Answer : Which of the following is least reactive in a nucleophilic substitution reaction? A. `(CH_(3))_(3)C-Cl` B. `CH_ ... 3)CH_(2)Cl` D. `CH_(2)=CHCH_(2)Cl`

Carboxylic acid reacts with halogen in presence of red P to gives__________ a) α-halogen acids b) β-halogen acid c) Acid halide d) Dicarboxylic acid

Description : Carboxylic acid reacts with halogen in presence of red P to gives__________ a) α-halogen acids b) β-halogen acid c) Acid halide d) Dicarboxylic acid

Last Answer : a) α-halogen acids

Which of the following statements concerning SN2 reactions of alkyl halides is not correct? (a) The rate of reaction depends on the concentration of the nucleophile. (b) The rate of reaction depends on the concentration of the alkyl halide. (c) The rate of reaction of a particular alkyl bromide depends on the steric accessibility of the carbon of the C-Br bond. (d) All alkyl iodides react more rapidly than all alkyl chlorides

Description : Which of the following statements concerning SN2 reactions of alkyl halides is not correct? (a) The rate of reaction depends on the concentration of the nucleophile. (b) The rate of reaction depends on the ... carbon of the C-Br bond. (d) All alkyl iodides react more rapidly than all alkyl chlorides

Last Answer : All alkyl iodides react more rapidly than all alkyl chlorides

Chemically, fats are esters of long carbon-chain acids and which of the following: w) ethanol x) glycerol y) ethylene glycol z) sodium hydroxide

Description : Chemically, fats are esters of long carbon-chain acids and which of the following: w) ethanol x) glycerol y) ethylene glycol z) sodium hydroxide

Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- GLYCEROL

Arrange the following carboxyl compounds in increasing order of their reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions. Explain with proper reasoning : Benzaldehyde. p-tolualdeyde, p-nitrobenzaldehyde, Acetophenone.

Description : Arrange the following carboxyl compounds in increasing order of their reactivity in nucleophilic addition reactions. Explain with proper reasoning : Benzaldehyde. p-tolualdeyde, p-nitrobenzaldehyde, Acetophenone.

Last Answer : Ans. Acetophenone is a ketone while all others are aldehydes, therefore it is least reactive. In p-tolualdehyde, there is methyl group (CH3 ) at para position w.r.t. to the ... overall order of increasing reactivity : acetophenone < p-tolualdehyde < benzaldehyde < p-nitrobenzaldehyde. 

How many reactions will produce carboxylic acid, as their end product

Description : How many reactions will produce carboxylic acid, as their end product

Last Answer : How many reactions will produce carboxylic acid, as their end product

How many reactions will produce carboxylic acid, as their end product

Description : How many reactions will produce carboxylic acid, as their end product

Last Answer : How many reactions will produce carboxylic acid, as their end product

X and Y are anhydrides of sulphurous and sulphuric acid respectively. The hybridisation state and the sphape of X and Y are

Description : X and Y are anhydrides of sulphurous and sulphuric acid respectively. The hybridisation state and the sphape of X and Y are

Last Answer : X and Y are anhydrides of sulphurous and sulphuric acid respectively. The hybridisation state and the sphape of X ... )",planar",sp^(2)",planar "):}`

From two amino acids peptide bond formation involves removal of one molecule of (A) Water (B) Ammonia (C) Carbondioxide (D) Carboxylic acid

Description : From two amino acids peptide bond formation involves removal of one molecule of (A) Water (B) Ammonia (C) Carbondioxide (D) Carboxylic acid

Last Answer : Answer : A

In fatty acids synthase of both bacteria and mammals, ACP (acyl carrier protein) contain the vitamin: (A) Thiamin (B) Pyridoxine (C) Riboflavin (D) Pantothenic acid

Description : In fatty acids synthase of both bacteria and mammals, ACP (acyl carrier protein) contain the vitamin: (A) Thiamin (B) Pyridoxine (C) Riboflavin (D) Pantothenic acid

Last Answer : Answer : D

Which of the following statements is not true about fatty acids? (a) Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon side chains. (b) The double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids are always conjugated. (c) Most naturally occurring fatty acids contain even numbers of carbons and are unbranched. (d) Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated

Description : Which of the following statements is not true about fatty acids? (a) Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon side chains. (b) The double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids are always ... contain even numbers of carbons and are unbranched. (d) Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated

Last Answer : The double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids are always conjugated

Fatty acids are (a) Unsaturated dicarboxylic acids (b) Long-chain alkanoic acids (c) Aromatic carboxylic acids (d) Aromatic dicarboxylic acids

Description : Fatty acids are (a) Unsaturated dicarboxylic acids (b) Long-chain alkanoic acids (c) Aromatic carboxylic acids (d) Aromatic dicarboxylic acids

Last Answer : Long-chain alkanoic acids

The greater acidity of carboxylic acids compared to alcohols arises primarily from : (a) the electron-donating effect of the hydroxyl group (b) the electron-withdrawing effect of the carboxyl oxygen (c) the acidity of α-hydrogens of carboxylic acids (d) the resonance stability associated with the carboxylate ion

Description : The greater acidity of carboxylic acids compared to alcohols arises primarily from : (a) the electron-donating effect of the hydroxyl group (b) the electron-withdrawing effect of the carboxyl ... of α-hydrogens of carboxylic acids (d) the resonance stability associated with the carboxylate ion

Last Answer : the resonance stability associated with the carboxylate ion

When carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids have similar molecular weights, how do their melting points compare? (a) Carboxylic acids have greater melting points. (b) Dicarboxylic acids have greater melting points. (c) Both acids have similar melting points. (d) No consistent trend exists

Description : When carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids have similar molecular weights, how do their melting points compare? (a) Carboxylic acids have greater melting points. (b) Dicarboxylic acids have greater melting points. (c) Both acids have similar melting points. (d) No consistent trend exists

Last Answer : Dicarboxylic acids have greater melting points