What is the design basis of 6.6 kV aluminium bus bars?

What is the design basis of 6.6 kV aluminium bus bars?  
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1 Answer

Answer :

a) Temperature rises not exceed 90 ºC.

b) Withstand short ckt stresses.

c) Take care of thermal expansion. 
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Related questions

What are the protections provided for 220 kV lines and bus bars?

Description : What are the protections provided for 220 kV lines and bus bars? 

Last Answer : a. Bus bar differential protection. b. Distance protection. c. Over current protection. d. Earth fault protection. 

Why aluminium bus bars are silver-plated in IPBD?

Description : Why aluminium bus bars are silver-plated in IPBD?

Last Answer : Aluminium bus bars are silver-plated at flexible connection to prevent the galvanic corrosion ant also for low contact resistance. 

How 6.6 kV-bus supply was chosen?

Description : How 6.6 kV-bus supply was chosen?

Last Answer : 11 kV was rejected in view of the high insulation cost with 11 kV motors. 3.3 kV was rejected, since max motor size with 3.3 kV bus is limited to 2 MW. But we are having the motors having rating more than 2 MW, which cannot suit to 3.3 kV bus. 6.6 kV bus we can start upto 5 mw size motor. 

Multiple grounds have developed and were initialy indicated by the grounddetecting system as one ground. The FIRST step in locating the grounds is to _____________. A. examine the main bus bars for signs of overheating B. eliminate the individual circuits one by one until the ground detecting system no longer indicates any grounds C. change over generators D. check each circuit with a megohmmeter

Description : Multiple grounds have developed and were initialy indicated by the grounddetecting system as one ground. The FIRST step in locating the grounds is to _____________. A. examine the main bus bars ... no longer indicates any grounds C. change over generators D. check each circuit with a megohmmeter

Last Answer : Answer: B

How does increase in steam input of the Alternator connected to infinite bus-bars affect this operation?

Description : How does increase in steam input of the Alternator connected to infinite bus-bars affect this operation?

Last Answer : KW output power of alternator increase with increase in steam input keeping excitation constant.

How does increase in excitation of the Alternator connected to infinite bus-bars affect this operation?

Description : How does increase in excitation of the Alternator connected to infinite bus-bars affect this operation?

Last Answer : Increase in excitation level of the synchronous generator will effectively increase the reactive power supplied by the generator keeping steam input constant.

What is meant by infinite bus-bars?

Description : What is meant by infinite bus-bars?

Last Answer : The source or supply lines with non-variable voltage and frequency are called infinite bus-bars. The source lines are said to have zero source impedance and infinite rotational inertia.

Why aluminium bus duct is used?

Description : Why aluminium bus duct is used?

Last Answer : Aluminium is nonmagnetic material. Short circuit forces are less. 

What are the types of cables used in 6.6 kV and 415 V system voltages?

Description : What are the types of cables used in 6.6 kV and 415 V system voltages? 

Last Answer : In 6.6 kV system AC (unearthed) grade having stranded aluminium conductors cables are used. Their insulation's are as follows. 1. XLPE - Crossed linked polyethylene insulation. 2. FRLS PVC - Fire ... V grade copper or aluminium stranded cables are used. Their insulations are HR PVC and FS type. 

What are the interlocks between 415 V and 6.6 kV switch gear?

Description : What are the interlocks between 415 V and 6.6 kV switch gear? 

Last Answer : 6.6 kV Breaker closed cannot rack in or out. Service lever cannot move while breaker closed. Breaker cannot be closed in in-between position. 415 V Breaker door cannot be opened when breaker is ... . Breaker cannot be closed in in-between position. Breaker closed cannot be rack in or out. 

What is the difference between lockout of 6.6 kV and 415 V CB’s?

Description : What is the difference between lockout of 6.6 kV and 415 V CB’s?

Last Answer : Voltage levels. Manual / auto reset. Lockout relays of 415 V breakers are all Electro-magnetic type. There is no mechanical latch. But in 6.6 kV it is of mechanical latch type relays.

What is the distribution of DC control supply in CL IV, III, II- 415V and 6.6 kV?

Description : What is the distribution of DC control supply in CL IV, III, II- 415V and 6.6 kV?

Last Answer : Closing coil and Trip coil 2 supply from one source. Trip coil 1 supply from one source. Protections supply from one source. 

Why core balance CT is preferred over residual connected CT’s to sense earth fault in 6.6 kV feeders?

Description : Why core balance CT is preferred over residual connected CT’s to sense earth fault in 6.6 kV feeders?

Last Answer : a) To avoid relay mal-operation due to CT saturation b) Better sensitivity is got. c) High pickup and TMS avoided in IDMT earth fault relay. 

Why 2 types of earth fault relays in 6.6 kV side of transformers?

Description : Why 2 types of earth fault relays in 6.6 kV side of transformers?

Last Answer : I – Trips 6.6 kV breakers only. It gives primary protection for 6.6 kV bus bars. I1 – Trips the both HT and LT breakers. It acts as a backup to ref and also acts as backup to bus bar earthfault relay. 

During unit operation can we have one UT feeding both unit 6.6 kV loads?

Description : During unit operation can we have one UT feeding both unit 6.6 kV loads? 

Last Answer : No, logically prevented.  

Why 6.6 kV transformer is resistance grounded by 10 ohms and current limited to 400 A?

Description : Why 6.6 kV transformer is resistance grounded by 10 ohms and current limited to 400 A?

Last Answer : a) To reduce burning and melting in faulted switchgear or machine. b) To reduce mechanical stresses in equipment. c) To reduce the electrical hazards by stray ground fault currents in the ground ... screen in 6.6 kV XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene). Therefore the cost of the cable decreases. 

What is the difference in action of lock out pressure signal on 6.6 kV and 220 kV breakers?

Description : What is the difference in action of lock out pressure signal on 6.6 kV and 220 kV breakers?

Last Answer : When lock out signal comes to 6.6 kV breakers the breaker will trip. Where as in case of 220 kV breakers the breaker will not trip. If the breaker is open it will be open only and can not be closed. If it is in closed condition it will be closed.

What type breakers are provided in 6.6 kV buses?

Description : What type breakers are provided in 6.6 kV buses?

Last Answer : ABB. Make, SF6 gas, 1250A and 2000A capacity circuit breakers are provided in 6.6 kV buses. 

List some important loads to 6.6 kV buses.

Description : List some important loads to 6.6 kV buses. 

Last Answer : a. Auxiliary transformers. b. PHT motors. c. BFP motors.  d. CEP motors. e. CCW motors. f. Chiller motors. g. Pressuring pump motors. 

What are the main sources of power supply to 6.6 kV buses?

Description : What are the main sources of power supply to 6.6 kV buses? 

Last Answer : a. Unit transformer which steps down the generated voltage to 6.6 kV from the generator. b. Start up transformer, which steps down the grid voltage to 6.6 kV. 

What is the minimum voltage required for starting of 6.6 kV motors?

Description : What is the minimum voltage required for starting of 6.6 kV motors?

Last Answer : Minimum 80% of rated voltage.

The voltage at the two ends of a transmission line are 132 KV and its reactance is 40 ohm. The Capacity of the line is (A) 435.6 MW (B) 217.8 MW (C) 251.5 MW (D) 500 MW

Description : The voltage at the two ends of a transmission line are 132 KV and its reactance is 40 ohm. The Capacity of the line is (A) 435.6 MW (B) 217.8 MW (C) 251.5 MW (D) 500 MW

Last Answer : (A) 435.6 MW

A synchronous generator is feeding power to infinite bus bars at unity power factor. Its excitation is now...

Description : A synchronous generator is feeding power to infinite bus bars at unity power factor. Its excitation is now increased. It will feed (a) The same power but at a leading power factor (b) The same power ... a lagging power factor (c) More power at unity power factor (d) Less power at unity power factor

Last Answer : A synchronous generator is feeding power to infinite bus bars at unity power factor. Its excitation is now increased. It will feed The same power but at a lagging power factor 

Generating capacity connected to the bus bars and ready to take load when switched on is known as ?

Last Answer : Generating capacity connected to the bus bars and ready to take load when switched on is known as spinning reserve.

The dielectric strength of a vacuum or dry air is approximately ________________. A. 450 volts/inch B. 1000 volts/inch C. 20-kv/inch D. 50-kv/inch

Description : The dielectric strength of a vacuum or dry air is approximately ________________. A. 450 volts/inch B. 1000 volts/inch C. 20-kv/inch D. 50-kv/inch

Last Answer : Answer: C

If we give 2334 A, 540V on Primary side of 1.125 MVA step up transformer, then what will be the Secondary Current, If Secondary Voltage=11 KV?

Description : If we give 2334 A, 540V on Primary side of 1.125 MVA step up transformer, then what will be the Secondary Current, If Secondary Voltage=11 KV?

Last Answer : A. As we know the Voltage & current relation for transformer-V1/V2 = I2/I1 We Know, VI= 540 V; V2=11KV or 11000 V; I1= 2334 Amps. By putting these value on Relation540/11000= I2/2334 So,I2 = 114.5 Amps

Why 1.1 kV grade cables used for 415V?

Description : Why 1.1 kV grade cables used for 415V?

Last Answer : To take care of the both earthed / unearthed systems.  

What are the levels of SF6 gas in 220 kV breaker and their significance?

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Last Answer : 7 kg/cm2 - normal pressure 5.2 bar - alarm 5.0 bar - closing/tripping operation blocked. 

What is the type of 220 kV circuit breaker?

Description : What is the type of 220 kV circuit breaker? 

Last Answer : 220 kV, SF6 breaker, single pole, puffer type. 

What are the main parts of 220 kV Circuit Breaker?

Description : What are the main parts of 220 kV Circuit Breaker? 

Last Answer : Pole column filled with SF6 Pneumatic drive system with compressed air circuit Control cubicle unit 

Give the details of switchyard 220 kV CB, Isolator, CT, CVT and lightning arrestor.

Description : Give the details of switchyard 220 kV CB, Isolator, CT, CVT and lightning arrestor.  

Last Answer : 220 kV SF6 Circuit Breaker 1. Make - ABB 2. Air pressure blocking a. Close Block - 17.3 bar. b. Open block - 16.7 bar. c. Auto reclose block - 19 bar. 3. SF6 pressure block a. Alarm - 5. ... , storage and erection. Rated voltage : 216 kV rms. Operating voltage : 184 kV rms. 

Why resistance grounding preferred for less than 33 kV and more than 415 V?

Description : Why resistance grounding preferred for less than 33 kV and more than 415 V?

Last Answer : a) To limit the earth fault current for equipment safety else, high short ckt forces dislocate in windings/bus bars etc, b) Over voltage due to arcing ground reduced c) Permits earth fault protection (not possible in ungrounded system)

Why neutrals are solid grounded above 33 kV?

Description : Why neutrals are solid grounded above 33 kV? 

Last Answer : a) Less transient over voltage due to arcing grounds. b) Voltage of phases are limited to phase to ground voltage. (No neutral shifting) c) Allows graded insulation of transformer (low cost) d) Fast E/F protection. 

Why the earthing transformer primary voltage is 16.5 kV rated in main generator even though actual voltage during the E/F is root 3 times less?

Description : Why the earthing transformer primary voltage is 16.5 kV rated in main generator even though actual voltage during the E/F is root 3 times less?

Last Answer : The transformer should not saturate during E/F otherwise it will cause ferroresonance with the GT winding capacitance. Dangerous O/V and neutral shifting will occur. During loss of load or field ... saturation. Saturation can also occur due to point on wave of application causing flux doubling. 

In 220 kV switchyard why lightning arrestor should be properly grounded?

Description : In 220 kV switchyard why lightning arrestor should be properly grounded?

Last Answer : a. During lightning, surges should be discharged to ground, otherwise it will puncture the equipment insulation and it is possible only when lightning arrestor is grounded properly.  b. In order to make it effective ... kV. Soil resistivity a should be minimum and may be it is 3.5 ohm per meter.  

Why earth switches are provided in 220 kV bays?

Description : Why earth switches are provided in 220 kV bays?  

Last Answer : When bay CB trips, both end (station and grid) CB will trip. The earth switches are provided because the grid will always be alive so to prevent any shocks to the operator or maintenance personnel who is working on the line or bay due to accidental energizing of the bus.  

If we give 2334 A, 540V on Primary side of 1.125 MVA step up transformer, then what will be the Secondary Current, If Secondary Voltage=11 KV?

Description : If we give 2334 A, 540V on Primary side of 1.125 MVA step up transformer, then what will be the Secondary Current, If Secondary Voltage=11 KV?

Last Answer :  As we know the Voltage & current relation for transformer-V1/V2 = I2/I1 We Know, VI= 540 V; V2=11KV or 11000 V; I1= 2334 Amps. By putting these value on Relation540/11000= I2/2334 So,I2 = 114.5 Amps

For LV applications (below 1 kV), ______________ cables are used. (A) Paper insulated. (B) Plastic. (C) Single core cables. (D) Oil filled.

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Oil-filled cable has a working stress of __________ kV/mm (A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 15

Description : Oil-filled cable has a working stress of __________ kV/mm (A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 13 (D) 15

Last Answer : Ans: D This is defined by dielectric strength of mineral oil i.e. 15 kV/mm.

The generation voltage is usually (A) between 11 KV and 33 KV. (B) between 132 KV and 400 KV. (C) between 400 KV and 700 KV. (D) None of the above.

Description : The generation voltage is usually (A) between 11 KV and 33 KV. (B) between 132 KV and 400 KV. (C) between 400 KV and 700 KV. (D) None of the above.

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How do I design and make, or shop for, my own energy bars/ emergency rations?

Description : How do I design and make, or shop for, my own energy bars/ emergency rations?

Last Answer : For a long term healthy diet.

What is the proper name for "notification bars" in web design?

Description : What is the proper name for "notification bars" in web design?

Last Answer : answer:Are you talking about a comfirmation pop-up message? Generally, when you're doing your use cases for a site, you would document the happy path actions of the user first, and account ... flow. Create the use case from that, and write your error messages or confirmation messaging from that.

In working stress design, permissible bond stress in the case of deformed bars is more than that in plain bars by (A) 10 % (B) 20 % (C) 30 % (D) 40 %

Description : In working stress design, permissible bond stress in the case of deformed bars is more than that in plain bars by (A) 10 % (B) 20 % (C) 30 % (D) 40 %

Last Answer : (D) 40 %

Which of the listed conditions might contribute to very rapid wearing of a DC machine's commutator bars? A. A grounded commutator bar B. Using improper carbon brushes C. Aligning the front and rear mica V-rings improperly D. An open circuit in the armature

Description : Which of the listed conditions might contribute to very rapid wearing of a DC machine's commutator bars? A. A grounded commutator bar B. Using improper carbon brushes C. Aligning the front and rear mica V-rings improperly D. An open circuit in the armature

Last Answer : Answer: B

Discoloration of the rotor bars in a squirrel-cage motor is typical evidence of _____________. A. moisture B. overheating C. vibration D. all of the above

Description : Discoloration of the rotor bars in a squirrel-cage motor is typical evidence of _____________. A. moisture B. overheating C. vibration D. all of the above

Last Answer : Answer: B

A split-phase induction squirrel-cage motor will not come up to speed, even though the rated voltage, rated frequency, and rated load are applied. The suspected trouble could be due to _____________. A. a faulty centrifugal switch B. broken rotor bars C. worn bearings D. all of the above

Description : A split-phase induction squirrel-cage motor will not come up to speed, even though the rated voltage, rated frequency, and rated load are applied. The suspected trouble could be due to _____________. A. a faulty centrifugal switch B. broken rotor bars C. worn bearings D. all of the above

Last Answer : Answer: D

A flickering ground detection lamp on a DC system would indicate a _____________. A. multiple-ground condition in the distribution system B. ground in an armature coil of an operating machine C. ground in a motor accompanied with a short D. short between two adjacent bars of the generator commutator

Description : A flickering ground detection lamp on a DC system would indicate a _____________. A. multiple-ground condition in the distribution system B. ground in an armature coil of an operating machine C. ground in a motor accompanied with a short D. short between two adjacent bars of the generator commutator

Last Answer : Answer: B

For routine cleaning of a commutator, you should apply _____________. A. course sandpaper in a slow back and forth motion across the commutator slots B. an emery cloth parallel to the axis of the machine C. a canvas wiper to the machine while running D. cotton swabs between the commutator bars

Description : For routine cleaning of a commutator, you should apply _____________. A. course sandpaper in a slow back and forth motion across the commutator slots B. an emery cloth parallel to the axis of the machine C. a canvas wiper to the machine while running D. cotton swabs between the commutator bars

Last Answer : Answer: C

Temporary repairs to an open DC propulsion armature coil can be made by _____________. A. connecting the coil ends directly to a pair of negative brushes B. disconnecting coil ends, insulating each, and short circuiting the two commutator bars C. grounding the coil ends and short circuiting the commutator bar D. removing the sparking brushes

Description : Temporary repairs to an open DC propulsion armature coil can be made by _____________. A. connecting the coil ends directly to a pair of negative brushes B. disconnecting coil ends, insulating ... C. grounding the coil ends and short circuiting the commutator bar D. removing the sparking brushes

Last Answer : Answer: B

Routine A.C. motor maintenance should include periodic ______________. A. thermometer readings at normal loads to detect abnormal temperature rises B. inspection of the motor's internals for loose rotor bars or field poles C. bearing replacement each year using sealed units if available D. all of the above

Description : Routine A.C. motor maintenance should include periodic ______________. A. thermometer readings at normal loads to detect abnormal temperature rises B. inspection of the motor's internals for loose rotor bars ... C. bearing replacement each year using sealed units if available D. all of the above

Last Answer : Answer: A