The need to produce concentrated urine is detected in the brain is due to the increase in the concentration of (a) Glucose in the blood (b) K+ in the blood (c) Na+ in the blood (d) Carbonic acid in the blood

The need to produce concentrated urine is detected in the brain is due to the increase in the concentration of (a) Glucose in the blood (b) K+ in the blood (c) Na+ in the blood (d) Carbonic acid in the blood
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Concentration of carbonic acid does not increase in blood due to the presence of

Description : Concentration of carbonic acid does not increase in blood due to the presence of

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Aldosterone enhances Na+ reabsorption in renal tubules by: A. Stimulating carbonic anhydrase B. Activating Na+ K+ ATPase C. Inducing the synthesis of Na+ K+ ATPase D. Inducing renal prostaglandin synthesis

Description : Aldosterone enhances Na+ reabsorption in renal tubules by: A. Stimulating carbonic anhydrase B. Activating Na+ K+ ATPase C. Inducing the synthesis of Na+ K+ ATPase D. Inducing renal prostaglandin synthesis

Last Answer : C. Inducing the synthesis of Na+ K+ ATPase

The 'new formula' WHO-ORS differs from the older 'standard formula' WHO-ORS in the following respect(s): A. It has lower Na+ ion and glucose concentration B. It has higher K+ ion concentration C. It has no basic salt D. Both 'B' and 'C' are correct

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Last Answer : A. It has lower Na+ ion and glucose concentration

Which of the following statements are true of a patient with hyperglycemia and hyponatremia? A. The sodium concentration must be corrected by 5 mEq. per 100 mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood glucose. B. With normal renal function, this patient is likely to be volume overloaded. C. Proper fluid therapy would be unlikely to include potassium administration. D. Insulin administration will increase the potassium content of cells. E. Early in treatment adequate urine output is a reliable measure of adequate volume resuscitation.

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Last Answer : Answer: D DISCUSSION: Each 100-mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood glucose causes a fall in serum sodium concentration of approximately 2 mEq. per liter. Excess serum glucose ... correction of the patient's associated acidosis produce movement of potassium ions into the intracellular compartment

At low blood glucose concentration, brain but not liver will take up glucose. It is due to the (A) Low Km of hexokinase (B) Low Km of glucokinase (C) Specificity of glucokinase (D) Blood brain barrier

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Last Answer : Answer : A

In the resting state of the neural membrane, diffusion due to concentration gradients, if allowed, would drive (a) K+ into the cell (b) K+ and Na+ out of the cell (c) Na+ into the cell (d) Na+ out of the cell.

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Benedict’s test is less likely to give weakly positive results with concentrated urine due to the action of (A) Urea (B) Uric acid (C) Ammonium salts (D) Phosphates

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Binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid to its receptors in brain increases the permeability of cell membrane to (A) Cl– (B) Na+ (C) K+ (D) Ca++

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Last Answer : Answer : A

Assertion `:-` Human kidneys can produce urine nearly four times concentrated than the initial filtrate formed. Reason `:-` Counter current mechanism

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Last Answer : Assertion `:-` Human kidneys can produce urine nearly four times concentrated than the initial filtrate ... D. If both Assertion & Reason are false.

Human kidney can produce urine nearly how many times concentrated than the initial filtrate formed?

Description : Human kidney can produce urine nearly how many times concentrated than the initial filtrate formed?

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An example of competitive inhibition of an enzyme is the inhibition of a. Succinic dehydrogenase by malonic acid b. Cytochrome oxidase by cyanide c. Hexokinase by glucose-6-phosphate d. Carbonic anhydrase by carbon dioxide

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Last Answer : Ans: A

True statements about aldosterone include: a. it increases the amount of Na+-K+ ATPase in the target cells b. it reduces the sodium content of the sweat c. it increases the acidity of urine d. all above

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Thiazide diuretics enhance K+ elimination in urine primarily by: A. Inhibiting proximal tubular K+ reabsorption B. Inhibiting Na+ K+-2Cl– cotransport in the ascending limb of loop of Henle C. Increasing the availability of Na+ in the distal tubular fluid to exchange with interstitial K+ D. Potentiating the action of aldosterone

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Last Answer : C. Increasing the availability of Na+ in the distal tubular fluid to exchange with interstitial K

Chyluria can be detected by addition of the following to the urine: (A) Sulphosalicylic acid(B) Nitric acid (C) Acetic anhydride (D) Chloroform

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The following is true of 'new formula' WHO-ORS: A. It has Na+ ion concentration of 75 mM/L B. Its glucose concentration is 75 mM/L C. Its total osmolarity is 245 mOsm/L D. All of the above are correct

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Last Answer : D. All of the above are correct

For optimum rehydration, the molar concentration of glucose in ORS should be: A. Equal to or somewhat higher than the molar concentration of Na+ B. Somewhat lower than molar concentration of Na+ C. One third the molar concentration of Na+ D. Three times the molar concentration of Na+

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Last Answer : A. Equal to or somewhat higher than the molar concentration of Na

Osteoporosis, an age-related disease of skeletal system, may occur due to (a) immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue (b) high concentration of Ca++ and Na+ (c) decreased level of estrogen (d) accumulation of uric acid leading to inflammation of joints.

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Last Answer : (c) decreased level of estrogen

Urine volume is increased with: a. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors b. hyperglycaemia c. increased aldosterone secretion d. damage to the posterior pituitary

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Last Answer : damage to the posterior pituitary

There are two properties of the cell necessary to maintain nonequilibrium cellular composition; the first is selectivity and the second is energy conversion. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning energy converting transport? a. The site of energy conversion and transport in the plasma membrane involves the phospholipid component b. The Na+-K++-ATPase derives energy from hydrolysis of extracellular ATP c. In some systems, energy inherent in the transmembrane ion gradient can be used to drive transport of a second species d. Examples of species transported via secondary active transport include hydrogen ions, calcium, amino acids and glucose

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The action potential of a neuron a. is initiated by efflux of Na+ b. is terminated by efflux of K+ c. declines in amplitude as it moves along the axon d. results in a transient reversal of the concentration gradient of Na+ across the cell membrane e. is not associated with any net movement of Na+ or K+ across the cell membrane

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Last Answer : is terminated by efflux of K+

The resting membrane potential of a cell a. is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater than the permeability to Na+ b. falls to zero immediately when Na+, K+ ATPase in the membrane is inhibited c. is usually equal to the equilibrium potential for K+ d. is usually equal to the equilibrium potential for Na+ e. is markedly altered if the extracellular Na+ concentration is increased

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Last Answer : is dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater than the permeability to Na+

Which ion is found in greater concentration inside the cell a. K b. Na c. Cl d. HCO3

Description : Which ion is found in greater concentration inside the cell a. K b. Na c. Cl d. HCO3

Last Answer : K

Which ion is found in greater concentration outside the cell a. K b. Na c. Cl d. HCO3

Description : Which ion is found in greater concentration outside the cell a. K b. Na c. Cl d. HCO3

Last Answer : Na

hat is/are the consequence(s) of myocardial Na+ K+ ATPase inhibition by digoxin: A. Increased intracellular Na+ ion concentration B. Increased cytosolic Ca2+ ion concentration C. Increased intracellular K+ ion concentration D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

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Last Answer : D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

When the nurse observes the patient’s urine to be orange, she further assesses the patient for a) intake of medication such as phenytoin (Dilantin). Urine that is orange may be caused by intake of Dilantin or other medications. Orange to amber colored urine may also indicate concentrated urine due to dehydration or fever.

Description : When the nurse observes the patient's urine to be orange, she further assesses the patient for a) intake of medication such as phenytoin (Dilantin). Urine that is orange may be caused by intake ... white urine may indicate infection, pyruria, or in the female patient, the use of vaginal creams.

Last Answer : a) intake of medication such as phenytoin (Dilantin). Urine that is orange may be caused by intake of Dilantin or other medications. Orange to amber colored urine may also indicate concentrated urine due to dehydration or fever.

e primary mechanism by which general anaesthetics produce their action is: A. Affecting receptor operated ion channels in cerebral neurones B. Blocking voltage sensitive Na+ channels in neuronal membrane C. Depressing metabolic activity of cerebral neurones D. Blocking production of high energy phosphates in the brain

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Last Answer : A. Affecting receptor operated ion channels in cerebral neurones

he following is true of nifedipine except: A. It can aggravate urine voiding difficulty in elderly males with prostatic hypertrophy B. It promotes Na+ retention by a renal tubular action to cause ankle oedema as side effect C. It can inhibit insulin release from pancreas D. At high doses it can paradoxically increase the frequency of angina pectori

Description : he following is true of nifedipine except: A. It can aggravate urine voiding difficulty in elderly males with prostatic hypertrophy B. It promotes Na+ retention by a renal tubular action to ... release from pancreas D. At high doses it can paradoxically increase the frequency of angina pectori

Last Answer : B. It promotes Na+ retention by a renal tubular action to cause ankle oedema as side effect

The nurse recognizes which of the following signs as typical of the patient in shock? a) Rapid, weak, thready pulse Pulse increases as the body tries to compensate. b) Flushed face Pallor is an indicator of shock. c) Warm, dry skin Skin is generally cool and moist in shock. d) Increased urine output Usually, a low blood pressure and concentrated urine are observed in the patient in shock.

Description : The nurse recognizes which of the following signs as typical of the patient in shock? a) Rapid, weak, thready pulse Pulse increases as the body tries to compensate. b) Flushed face Pallor is ... urine output Usually, a low blood pressure and concentrated urine are observed in the patient in shock.

Last Answer : a) Rapid, weak, thready pulse Pulse increases as the body tries to compensate.

The final concentration of the fluid to produce a markedly hypertonic urine takes place in (a) Loop of Henle (b) Distal convoluted tubule (c) Collecting tubule (d) Both (b) and (c)

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Last Answer : Ans:(c)

When the nurse notes that the post cardiac surgery patient demonstrates low urine output (< 25 ml/hr) with high specific gravity (> 1.025), the nurse suspects: a) Inadequate fluid volume Urine output of less than 25 ml/hr may indicate a decrease in cardiac output. A high specific gravity indicates increased concentration of solutes in the urine which occurs with inadequate fluid volume. b) Normal glomerular filtration Indices of normal glomerular filtration are output of 25 ml or greater per hour and specific gravity between 1.010 and 1.025. c) Overhydration Overhydration is manifested by high urine output with low specific gravity. d) Anuria The anuric patient does not produce urine.

Description : When the nurse notes that the post cardiac surgery patient demonstrates low urine output (< 25 ml/hr) with high specific gravity (> 1.025), the nurse suspects: a) Inadequate fluid volume Urine ... by high urine output with low specific gravity. d) Anuria The anuric patient does not produce urine.

Last Answer : a) Inadequate fluid volume Urine output of less than 25 ml/hr may indicate a decrease in cardiac output. A high specific gravity indicates increased concentration of solutes in the urine which occurs with inadequate fluid volume.

Which of the following concerning the pH of urine is correct? 1) is a useful indicator of the acid/base balance of the blood 2) rises on a vegetarian diet 3) is determined by the concentration of ammonium 4) is lower than 5.5 in renal tubular acidosis 5) would be above 7.0 after prolonged and severe vomiting

Description : Which of the following concerning the pH of urine is correct? 1) is a useful indicator of the acid/base balance of the blood 2) rises on a vegetarian diet 3) is determined by the concentration of ... lower than 5.5 in renal tubular acidosis 5) would be above 7.0 after prolonged and severe vomiting

Last Answer : Answers-2 c - excretion of ammonium occurs when an acid urine is produced but the pH of urine is of course determined by the concentration of H+ ions d-unable to lower the pH to ... and distal nephron and this perpetuates the metabolic alkalosis until the fluid balance is restored with IV fluids.

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by (A) An increase in carbonic acid fraction (B) A decrease in bicarbonic fraction (C) A decrease in the carbonic acid fraction (D) An increase in bicarbonate fraction

Description : Respiratory alkalosis is caused by (A) An increase in carbonic acid fraction (B) A decrease in bicarbonic fraction (C) A decrease in the carbonic acid fraction (D) An increase in bicarbonate fraction

Last Answer : Answer : C

Respiratory acidosis is caused by (A) Increase in carbonic acid relative to bicarbonate (B) Decrease in bicarbonate fraction (C) Increase in bicarbonate fraction (E) Decrease in the carbonic acid fraction

Description : Respiratory acidosis is caused by (A) Increase in carbonic acid relative to bicarbonate (B) Decrease in bicarbonate fraction (C) Increase in bicarbonate fraction (E) Decrease in the carbonic acid fraction

Last Answer : Answer : A

Weakly acidic drugs: A. Are bound primarily to α1 acid glycoprotein in plasma B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine C. Are highly ionized in the gastric juice D. Do not cross blood-brain barrier

Description : Weakly acidic drugs: A. Are bound primarily to α1 acid glycoprotein in plasma B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine C. Are highly ionized in the gastric juice D. Do not cross blood-brain barrier

Last Answer : B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine

Weakly acidic drugs: A. Are bound primarily to α1 acid glycoprotein in plasma B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine C. Are highly ionized in the gastric juice D. Do not cross blood-brain barrier

Description : Weakly acidic drugs: A. Are bound primarily to α1 acid glycoprotein in plasma B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine C. Are highly ionized in the gastric juice D. Do not cross blood-brain barrier

Last Answer : B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine

Weakly acidic drugs: A. Are bound primarily to α1 acid glycoprotein in plasma B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine C. Are highly ionized in the gastric juice D. Do not cross blood-brain barrier

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Last Answer : B. Are excreted faster in alkaline urine

How many drugs can be detected by urine test?

Description : How many drugs can be detected by urine test?

Last Answer : five drugs

How many drugs can be detected by urine test?

Description : How many drugs can be detected by urine test?

Last Answer : five drugs

how many hours is alcohol detected to show on a urine test?

Description : how many hours is alcohol detected to show on a urine test?

Last Answer : It takes about 1 hour for a single 12oz beer to be detected. However, alcohol is usually tested in your blood, not urine.

Which of the following statement `//` s is `//` are correct ? A- A high concentration of carbonic anhydrase is present in RBC. B- Minute quantities of

Description : Which of the following statement `//` s is `//` are correct ? A- A high concentration of carbonic anhydrase is present in RBC. B- Minute quantities of

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Why normal rain is slightly acidic? A. due to presence of dust in air B. carbon dioxide and water in clouds react to form carbonic acid (Answer) C. Ozone depletion D. All of these

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Last Answer : B. carbon dioxide and water in clouds react to form carbonic acid (Answer)

Milk tastes sour when it is left in open for some time. This happens due to the formation of (1) Lactic acid (2) Citric acid (3) Acetic acid (4) Carbonic acid

Description : Milk tastes sour when it is left in open for some time. This happens due to the formation of (1) Lactic acid (2) Citric acid (3) Acetic acid (4) Carbonic acid

Last Answer : (1) Lactic acid Explanation: Milk contains a sugar called lactose, a disaccharide (compound sugar) made by the glycosidic bonding between glucose and glactose (monosaccharides). When milk is heated to ... multiplies. These convert the lactose into lactic acid, which imparts the sour taste to curd.

Milk tastes sour when kept in the open for sometime due to the formation of – (1) lactic acid (2) citric acid (3) acetic acid (4) carbonic acid

Description : Milk tastes sour when kept in the open for sometime due to the formation of – (1) lactic acid (2) citric acid (3) acetic acid (4) carbonic acid

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Liquor poisoning generally occurs due to the presence of __________ in it. (A) Ethyl alcohol (B) Impurities (C) Methyl alcohol (D) Carbonic acid

Description : Liquor poisoning generally occurs due to the presence of __________ in it. (A) Ethyl alcohol (B) Impurities (C) Methyl alcohol (D) Carbonic acid

Last Answer : (C) Methyl alcohol

Liquor poisoning generally occurs due to the presence of __________ in it. (A) Ethyl alcohol (B) Impurities (C) Methyl alcohol (D) Carbonic acid

Description : Liquor poisoning generally occurs due to the presence of __________ in it. (A) Ethyl alcohol (B) Impurities (C) Methyl alcohol (D) Carbonic acid

Last Answer : (C) Methyl alcohol

Milk tastes sour when kept in the open for sometime due to the formation of (1) lactic acid (2) citric acid (3) acetic acid (4) carbonic acid

Description : Milk tastes sour when kept in the open for sometime due to the formation of (1) lactic acid (2) citric acid (3) acetic acid (4) carbonic acid

Last Answer :  lactic acid

At the pH of blood 7.4, the ratio between the carbonic acid and bicarbonate fractions is (A) 1 : 10 (B) 1 : 20 (C) 1 : 30 (D) 1 : 40

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Which of the following statements about respiratory acidosis are true? A. Compensation occurs by a shift of chloride out of the red blood cells. B. Renal compensation occurs rapidly. C. Retention of bicarbonate and increased ammonia formation are normal compensatory mechanisms. D. Narcotic administration is an unusual cause of respiratory acidosis. E. The ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid is less than 20:1.

Description : Which of the following statements about respiratory acidosis are true? A. Compensation occurs by a shift of chloride out of the red blood cells. B. Renal compensation occurs rapidly. C. Retention of ... of respiratory acidosis. E. The ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid is less than 20:1.

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