Description : The emetic action of morphine is due to (a) Irritation of gastrointestinal tract (b) Stimulation of cerebral cortex (c) Stimulation of medullary vomiting center (d) Stimulation of emetic chemoreceptor trigger zone (e) None of the above
Last Answer : Ans: D
Description : The first line of host defense is the barrier presented to the external environment. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning host barriers? a. Sebaceous glands secrete ... of the upper gastrointestinal tract d. Gut peristalsis serves to prevent microbial adherence and invasion
Last Answer : Answer: b, c, d The skin, mucus membranes, and epithelial layers of various organs of the body constitute effective physical barriers against microbial invasion. In certain portions of the ... very low pH within the stomach and gut peristalsis both serve to prevent microbial adherence and invasion
Description : Potential adverse effects associated with aspirin include all of the following except (a) Gastrointestinal ulceration (b) Renal dysfunction (c) Enhanced methotrexate toxicity (d) Cardiac arrhythmias (e) Hypersensitivity asthma
Last Answer : Ans: E
Description : The termination of heparin activity by protamine sulfate is due to (a) A chelating action (b) The inhibition of gastrointestinal absorption of heparin (c) The displacement of heparin-plasma protein binding (d) An acid-base interaction (e) The prothrombin-like activity of protamine
Description : Acute or chronic colchicine toxicity may be identified by which of the following signs/symptoms? (a) Alopecia (b) Blood dyscrasias (c) Severe gastrointestinal upset (d) All of the above (e) None of the above
Description : Which of the following prostaglandin analogs is used specifically for the treatment of NSAID induced gastrointestinal ulcertation? (a) Alprostadil (b) Misoprostol (c) Carboprost (d) Dinoprostone (e) Epoprostenol
Last Answer : Ans: B
Description : The primary objective for designing drugs that selectively inhibit COX - 2 is to (a) Decrease the risk of nephrotoxicity (b) Improve anti-inflammatory effectiveness (c) Lower the ... of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (e) Selectively decrease thromboxane A2 without effects on other eicosanoids
Last Answer : Ans: C
Description : A 45-year-old surgeon has developed symmetric early morning stiffness in her hands. She wishes to take a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to relieve these symptoms and wants to avoid gastrointestinal side ... appropriate? (a) Aspirin (b) Celecoxib (c) Ibuprofen (d) Indomethacin (e) Piroxicam
Description : Cervical priming with prostaglandin results in (a) Facilitation of sperm movement through cervical canal (b) Increased cervical tone (c) Softening of cervix (d) Increased cervical secretions
Description : Morphine induced constipation involves the following mechanisms except: A. Increase in tone and decrease in propulsive activity of intestinal muscles B. Antivagal action C. Spasm of gastrointestinal sphincters D. Reduction of gastrointestinal secretions
Last Answer : B. Antivagal action
Description : Fentanyl transdermal patches have been used postoperatively to provide transdermal analgesia. The most dangerous adverse effect of this mode of administration is (a) Cutaneous reactions (b) Diarrhea (c) Hypertension (d) Relaxation of skeletal muscle (e) Respiratory depression
Description : The effect of sympathetic nervous system include: a. contraction of the bladder detrusor muscle b pupillary dilatation c. reduced gastrointestinal motility d. constricts bronchiole smooth muscle
Last Answer : pupillary dilatation
Last Answer : reduced gastrointestinal motility
Description : Cisapride enhances gastrointestinal motility by: A. Activating serotonin 5-HT4 receptor B. Activating muscarinic M3 receptor C. Blocking dopamine D2 receptor D. All of the above
Last Answer : A. Activating serotonin 5-HT4 receptor
Description : Metoclopramide has the following actions except: A. Increases lower esophageal sphincter tone B. Increases tone of pyloric sphincter C. Increases gastric peristalsis D. Increases intestinal peristalsis
Last Answer : B. Increases tone of pyloric sphincter
Description : Lower motor neuron lesions cause a) flaccid muscle paralysis. Lower motor neuron lesions cause flaccid muscle paralysis, muscle atrophy, decreased muscle tone, and loss of voluntary control. ... d) hyperactive and abnormal reflexes. Upper motor neuron lesions cause hyperactive and abnormal reflexes.
Last Answer : a) flaccid muscle paralysis. Lower motor neuron lesions cause flaccid muscle paralysis, muscle atrophy, decreased muscle tone, and loss of voluntary control.
Description : When a muscle is stretched by a contraction of the opposing muscles it is called .?
Last Answer : if you're on OdysseyWare your answer would beActive stretching.............. =)
Description : One of the following statements about muscular responses is not true. Choose that one (a) A muscle fibre contracts in all-or-none fashion (b) There is a slight latent period that occurs between when ... contraction (d) When a person is fully at rest, none of the muscles are contracting in the body
Last Answer : Ans:(d)
Description : The four sketches (A, B, C and D) given below, represent four different types of animal tissues. Which one of these is correctly identified in the options given, along with its ... Smooth Heart Heart muscle contraction tissue (d) (A) Columnar Nephron Secretion epithelium and absorption
Last Answer : (a) (B) Glandular Intestine Secretion epithelium
Description : What are the functions of each organ of the gastrointestinal tract? -Biology
Last Answer : answer:
Description : What are the four layers of the Gastrointestinal Tract and the function of each? -Biology
Last Answer : : Food is most absorbed in the small intestine.
Description : The daily water loss through gastrointestinal tract in an adult is about (A) Less than 100 ml/day (B) 200 ml/day (C) 300 ml/day (D) 400 ml/day
Last Answer : Answer : A
Description : From dietary protein as well as from the urea present in fluids secreted into the gastrointestinal tract intestinal bacteria produce (A) Carbondioxide (B) Ammonia (C) Ammonium sulphate (D) Creatine
Last Answer : Answer : B
Description : Adverse effects of ciprofloxacin are referable primarily to the following except (a) Gastrointestinal tract (b) Kidney (c) Skin (d) Nervous system
Description : The following are true about parathyroid hormone a. it is an 84 amino acid peptide hormone b. it increases calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract c. it acts on a cell surface receptor that increases intracellular cyclic AMP d. all above
Last Answer : all above
Description : Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the endocrine system? (a) Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amounts that act as intercellular messenger are known as ... in the body like gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney and liver do not produce any hormones.
Last Answer : (a) Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amounts that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones.
Description : Resistance to disease in the passageways of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract is dependent on antibodies in the class _____. a. IgG b. IgA c. IgE d. IgM
Last Answer : b. IgA
Description : These viruses multiply first in the tonsils and then the lymphoid tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. a. Rabies virus b. Rotavirus c. Polio virus d. Hepatitis A virus
Last Answer : c. Polio virus
Description : Shigellosis is primarily a disease of the _____. a. Nervous System b. Blood c. Respiratory Tract d. Gastrointestinal Tract
Last Answer : d. Gastrointestinal Tract
Description : Which one of the following is NOT a digestive organ of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract? a. Large intestine b. Oral cavity c. Liver d. Small intestine
Last Answer : c. Liver
Description : Adverse effects of ciprofloxacin are referable primarily to the following except: A. Gastrointestinal tract B. Kidney C. Skin D. Nervous system
Last Answer : B. Kidney
Description : Oxethazaine is used for anaesthetizing gastric mucosa because: A. It is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract B. It remains largely unionized in acidic medium C. It is highly ionized in acidic medium D. It produces no systemic effects even at high doses
Last Answer : B. It remains largely unionized in acidic medium
Description : Adrenaline is inactive orally because it is: A. Not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract B. Destroyed by gastric acid C. Completely metabolized in the intestinal mucosa and liver before reaching systemic circulation D. Taken up by adrenergic nerve endings of the intestinal wall, liver and lungs
Last Answer : C. Completely metabolized in the intestinal mucosa and liver before reaching systemic circulation
Description : Generally the earliest manifestation of salicylism is (a) Visual disturbance (b) Excitement (c) Hyperventillation (d) Tinnitus
Description : In the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, the most important limitation of aspirin is (a) Acid – base and electrolytc disturbances (b) Hypersensitivity and idiosyncratic reactions (c) Gastric mucosal damage (d) Salicylism
Description : Aspirin reduces fever by (a) Decreasing heat production in the body (b) Enhancing cutaneous blood flow (c) Inducing sweating (d) Both (b) and (c)
Description : Aspirin produces analgesia by (a) Preventing sensitization of peripheral pain receptors (b) Affecting gating of pain impulses at spinal level (c) Raising pain threshold at subcortical level (d) Both (a) and (b)
Description : The distinctive feature of the isoenzyme cyclooxygenase-2 is (a) It is not inhibited by indomethacin (b) It is inducible (c) It generates cytoprotective prostagladins in gastric mucosa (d) It is found only in foetal tissues
Description : Following mediators are involved in acute inflammation except (a) Histamine (b) Leukotrienes (c) Interferons (d) Bradykinin
Description : Lower dose of naloxone is required to (a) Antagonise the actions of nalorphine (b) Antagonise the actions of pentazocine (c) Precipitate withdrawal in mildly morphine dependent subjects (d) Precipitate withdrawal in highly morphine dependent subjects
Description : Which action of morphine is incompletely reversed by naloxone ? (a) Analgesia (b) Respiratory depression (c) Sedation (d) Miosis
Description : Pentazocine differs from morphine in that (a) It is inactive by the oral route (b) It does not produce physical dependence (c) It has a lower ceiling of analgesic effect (d) Its action is not blocked by naloxone
Description : Which of the following is an agonistantagonist type of opioid analgesic (a) Pethidine (b) Pentazocine (c) Fentanyl (d) Buprenorphine
Description : Morphine has high affinity for the following opioid receptor(s). (a) µ (Mu) (b) k (Kappa) (c) d (Delta) (d) All of the above
Last Answer : Ans: A
Description : An opioid analgesic is preferred over aspirin like analgesic in the following condition. (a) Acute gout (b) Burn (c) Toothache (d) Neuralgia
Description : Select the analgesic which acts through opioids as well as additional spinal monoaminergic mechanisms. (a) Tramadol (b) Ethoheptazine (c) Dextropropoxyphene (d) Alfentanil
Description : Which of the following opioid analgesics is similar to codeine in pharmacological profile but is less constipating ? (a) Methadone (b) Buprenorphine (c) Butorphanol (d) Dextropropoxyphene