Which of the following statements best describes the usual course of rheumatoid arthritis? (a) It is an acute exacerbation of joint pain treated with short-term anti-inflammatory therapy (b) It is a chronic disease characterized by acute changes within nonsynovial joints (c) It is an acute disease that is characterized by rapid synovial changes due to inflammation (d) It is a chronic disease characterized by acuteexacerbations followed by remissions with consequences associated with chronic inflammatory changes (e) It is a joint disease characterized by a marked loss of calcium from the bones and a resultant thinning of the bones

Which of the following statements best describes the usual course of rheumatoid arthritis? (a) It is an acute exacerbation of joint pain treated with short-term anti-inflammatory therapy (b) It is a chronic disease characterized by acute changes within nonsynovial joints (c) It is an acute disease that is characterized by rapid synovial changes due to inflammation (d) It is a chronic disease characterized by acuteexacerbations followed by remissions with consequences associated with chronic inflammatory changes (e) It is a joint disease characterized by a marked loss of calcium from the bones and a resultant thinning of the bones
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Ans: D
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Is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the connective tissue and joints This type of arthritis has acute inflammation of the connective tissue thickening of the synovial membrane and ankylos?

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The primary objective for designing drugs that selectively inhibit COX – 2 is to (a) Decrease the risk of nephrotoxicity (b) Improve anti-inflammatory effectiveness (c) Lower the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity (d) Reduce the cost of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (e) Selectively decrease thromboxane A2 without effects on other eicosanoids

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Corticosteroid therapy is practically mandatory in the following condition. (a) Septic shock (b) Renal transplant (c) Rheumatoid arthritis (d) Ulcerative colitis

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Patients taking chronic doses of nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should periodically be screened for which of the following toxicities? (a) Nephrotoxicity (b) Peripheral neuropathy (c) Cardiotoxicity (d) All of the above (e) None of the above

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The following is not a valid indication for parenteral iron therapy: A. Inadequate response to oral iron due to patient noncompliance B. Anaemia during pregnancy C. Severe anaemia associated with chronic bleeding D. Anaemia in a patient of active rheumatoid arthritis

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Inflammation is a complex tissue reaction that includes the release of cytokines, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and peptides. Prostaglandins involved in inflammatory processes are produced from arachidonic acid by (a) Cyclooxygenase 1 (b) Cyclooxygenase 2 (c) Glutathione – S – transferase (d) Lipoxygenase (e) Phospholipase A2

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Last Answer : Ans: B

In the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, the most important limitation of aspirin is (a) Acid – base and electrolytc disturbances (b) Hypersensitivity and idiosyncratic reactions (c) Gastric mucosal damage (d) Salicylism

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In which phase of the trajectory model of chronic illness are the symptoms under control and managed? a) Stable The stable phase indicates that the symptoms and disability are under control or managed. b) Acute The acute phase is characterized by sudden onset of severe or unrelieved symptoms or complications that may necessitate hospitalization for their management. c) Comeback The comeback phase is the period in the trajectory marked by recovery after an acute period. d) Downward The downward phase occurs when symptoms worsen or the disability progresses despite attempts to control the course through proper management.

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Systemic corticosteroid therapy is not used routinely and is reserved only for severe cases of (a) Exfoliative dermatitis (b) Posterior uveitis (c) Acute rheumatic fever (d) Hodgkin’s disease

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Following mediators are involved in acute inflammation except (a) Histamine (b) Leukotrienes (c) Interferons (d) Bradykinin

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All of the following facts are true about non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) except (a) They are antipyretic (b) There is a celling effect to their analgesia (c) They can cause tolerance (d) They do not cause dependence (e) They are anti-inflammatory

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All of the following medications should not be used routinely in pregnant patients during the third trimester except (a) Acetaminophen (b) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (c) Warfarin (d) Lithium (e) Aspirin

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In addition to their ability to decrease inflammatory prostaglandin synthesis, some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may owe part of their effects to their ability to (a) Inhibit leukocyte migration (b) Inhibit leukotriene synthesis (c) Stabilize lysosmal membranes (d) All of the above (e) None of the above

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Last Answer : Ans: D

A 45-year-old surgeon has developed symmetric early morning stiffness in her hands. She wishes to take a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug to relieve these symptoms and wants to avoid gastrointestinal side effects. Which one of the following drugs is most appropriate? (a) Aspirin (b) Celecoxib (c) Ibuprofen (d) Indomethacin (e) Piroxicam

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Morphine dependence is characterized by (a) Marked drug seeking behavior (b) Physical dependence without psychic dependence (c) Physical as well as psychic dependence (d) Both (a) and (c)

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Acute or chronic colchicine toxicity may be identified by which of the following signs/symptoms? (a) Alopecia (b) Blood dyscrasias (c) Severe gastrointestinal upset (d) All of the above (e) None of the above

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Corticosteroids exert anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the following enzyme (a) Cycloxygenase (b) Lipozygenase (c) Phospholipase - A (d) Phosphodiesterase

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Which of the following medications would represent arthritis therapy that is least likely to cause gastric ulceration? (a) Aspirin (b) Acetaminophen (c) Piroxicam (d) Meclofenamate (e) Rofecoxib

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Which of the following enzymes is ultimately responsible for the production of prostaglandins associated with inflammatory reactions? (a) Phospholipase (b) Lipoxygenase (c) Cyclooxygenase-I (d) Cyclooxygenase II (e) Xanthine oxidase

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The characteristic and an example of a synovial joint in humans is Characteristics Examples (a) Fluid filled synovial Joint between cavity between atlas and axis two bones (b) Lymph filled between Gliding joint two bones, limited between carpals movement (c) Fluid cartilage Knee joint between two bones, limited movements (d) Fluid filled between Skull bones two joints, provides cushion

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Cylcoocygenase-II specific inhibitors block the following (a) Production of cytoprotective prostaglandins (b) Tumor necrosis factor - a (c) Production of prostaglandins responsible for pain and inflammation

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Choose the correct statement about use of gold sod. thiomalate in rheumatoid arthritis: A. It affords more rapid symptomatic relief than NSAIDs B. The NSAIDs therapy is discontinued when it is started C. It is used as an alternative to corticosteroids D. It is used only in severe cases when other diseases modifying antirheumatic drugs have failed

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Which phase of the trajectory model of chronic illness is characterized by reactivation of the illness? a) Unstable The unstable phase is characterized by development of complications or reactivation of the illness. b) Stable The stable phase indicates that the symptoms and disability are under control or managed. c) Acute The acute phase is characterized by sudden onset of severe or unrelieved symptoms or complications that may necessitate hospitalization for their management. d) Comeback The comeback phase is the period in the trajectory marked by recovery after an acute period.

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A 35-year-old male presented with an attack of acute gout. He was treated with a 10 day course of naproxen. His blood uric acid level is high. What future line of treatment is most appropriate: A. No regular medication. Treat attacks of acute gout when they occur with naproxen. B. Regular long-term treatment with naproxen C. Regular long-term treatment with allopurinol D. Start with allopurinol + naproxen for 2 months followed by long-term allopurinol treatment

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Following is an example of preformed and not lipid derived mast cell mediator of inflammatory process (a) LTC4 (b) PGD2 (c) PAF (d) Histamine

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Which of the following drugs may be effective in the treatment of gouty arthritis by acting by two separate and distinct mechanisms? (a) Allopurinol (b) Probenecid (c) Colchicine (d) Indomethacin (e) Sulfinpyrazone

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A 65-year-old is interested in taking ginkgo. Which of the following statements is correct regarding ginkgo? (a) Ginkgo is contraindicated in diabetes and pregnancy (b) There is a drug-herb interaction between ginkgo and aspirin (c) Toxic effects include hypertension and cardiac arrest (d) There is a drug-herb interaction between ginkgo and phenelzine (e) Ginkgo is contraindicated in patients with gallstone pain

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Which of the following statements regarding endothelial cells in acute inflammation are true? a. Endothelial cells are characterized by phenotypic homogeneity b. Specific patterns of receptor expression regulate leukocyte adherence c. Endothelial cell nitric oxide generation regulates regional blood flow and leukocyte adhesion d. Endothelial cells may be capable of phagocytosis

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A FDA – approved ingredient for protection against painful sensitivity of the teeth due to cold, heat, acids, sweets or contact is (a) Dicalcium phosphate (b) Sodium lauryl sulfate (c) 5% potassium nitrate (d) Zinc chloride (e) Calcium carbonate

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Which type of patient is most likely to hypersensitive to aspirin? (a) Intrinsic asthamatic (b) Extrinsic asthamatic (c) Chronic bronchitic (d) Patient with viral injection (e) Both (c) and (d)

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The main advantage of ketorolac over aspirin is that ketorolac (a) Can be combined more safely with an opioid such as codeine (b) Can be obtained as an over-the-counter agent (c) Does not prolong the bleeding time (d) Is available in a parenteral formulation that can be injected intramuscularly or intravenously (e) Is less likely to cause acute renal failure in patients with some preexisting degree of renal impairment

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In man sedation caused by morphine is characterized by (a) Initial excitement (b) Little or no motor incoordination (c) Rise in seizure threshold (d) All of the above

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Last Answer : Ans: B

Which of the following is associated with Hyperuricaemia? 1) is usually due to an excess purine consumption 2) occurs in association with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 3) in primary gout is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner 4) can be reduced with low dose aspirin therapy 5) can be treated with uricosuric drugs even in renal failure

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Assertion : Maximum movement is possible at the amphiarthrosis joint. Reason : Such joint are also called synovial joints and have almost frictionless

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Which of the following joints would allow no movements? (a) Synovial joint (b) Ball and socket joint (c) Fibrous joint (d) Cartilaginous joint

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A 55-year-old renal transplant patient has been hospitalized in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit, receiving a prolonged course of antibiotics following an attack of acute cholecystitis. The following statement(s) is/are true concerning his management. a. Due to the potential risk of Candida infection, prophylaxis with oral nystatin should be instituted early in the patient’s course b. A Candida urinary tract infection should be treated with systemic amphotericin B c. Changes of Candida retinitis are of little significance d. The presence of a virulent Candida bacteremia should suggest a dosage reduction in immunosuppressive agents until the infection can be adequately controlled

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An opioid analgesic is preferred over aspirin like analgesic in the following condition. (a) Acute gout (b) Burn (c) Toothache (d) Neuralgia

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True statements concerning hypoadrenal shock include which of the following? A. Adrenocortical insufficiency may manifest itself as severe shock refractory to volume and pressor therapy. B. The presence of hyperglycemia and hypotension may suggest the diagnosis of shock due to adrenocortical insufficiency. C. Hydrocortisone does not interfere with the serum cortisol assay and should be given to hemodynamically unstable patients suspected of having hypoadrenal shock. D. The rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test should be performed to help establish the diagnosis of acute adrenocortical insufficiency.

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Which of the following bones is affected more by glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis? (a) Femur (b) Humerus (c) Radius (d) Lumber vertebra

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The action of aspirin that results in its greater efficacy as an antithrombotic (anti-platelet) drug is its ability to (a) Inhibit lipoxygenase as well as cyclooxygenase (b) Selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase I (c) Inhibit leukocyte migration (d) Promote uric acid excretion (e) Acetylate cyclooxygenase

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Last Answer : Ans: E

Glyceryl trinitrate is used in CHF for: A. Routine treatment of mild to moderate chronic heart failure B. Rapid symptom relief in acute left ventricular failure C. Arresting disease progression D. Both 'A' and 'B'

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Which of the following statements about hypertension in diabetes patients is/are correct? A. Hypertension worsens the macrovascular disease of diabetes patients. B. Hypertension accelerates the progression of diabetic nephropathy. C. Hypertension is associated with sodium retention in diabetes patients. D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should be used in all patients with chronic hyperglycemia, regardless of the presence of hypertension. E. Diuretics, as single-drug therapy, are not indicated in the treatment of hypertension in diabetes patients.

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Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the pulmonary response to shock? a. The acute pulmonary vascular response to shock differs markedly from that of systemic vasculature b. The pulmonary edema of ARDS occurs in the face of elevated left heart pressures c. The initial physiologic changes of ARDS involve the capillary endothelial cells and the type I pneumocyte d. Mechanisms proposed in the pathogenesis of ARDS include injury from mediators of inflammation elsewhere and from activated cellular elements e. A decrease in lung compliance may result from the loss of type I pneumocytes

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The type of joint between the human skull bones is called (a) cartilaginous joint (b) hinge joint (c) fibrous joint (d) synovial joint.

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Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the multiorgan failure syndrome (MOFS)? a. Changes in the splanchnic and pulmonary microcirculation are critical to the development of MOFS b. Tissue fixed microphages, including the liver Kupffer cell, have little role in the development of MOFS c. MOFS represents systemic consequences of loss of homeostatic control of local inflammation and microcirculatory hypoperfusion d. The nature of MOFS is highly dependent upon the etiology of the underlying problem

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Chronic Bronchitis is characterized by I. the distruction of central and peripheral portions of the acinus II. an increased number of mucous glands and goblet cells III. edema and inflammation of the bronchioles (a) only I is correct (b) only III is correct (c) I and II are correct (d) II and III are correct (e) I, II and III are correct

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Last Answer : Ans: C

Write true or false. (a) Athritis is inflammation of joints (b). Osteoporosis is a age related disroder characterized by decreased bone mass and incre

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Select the correct statement regarding the specific disorder of muscular or skeletal system. (a) Muscular dystrophy – Age related shortening of muscles (b) Osteoporosis – Decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age (c) Myasthenia gravis – Autoimmune disorder which inhibits sliding of myosin filaments (d) Gout – Inflammation of joints due to extra deposition of calcium

Description : Select the correct statement regarding the specific disorder of muscular or skeletal system. (a) Muscular dystrophy - Age related shortening of muscles (b) Osteoporosis - Decrease in bone mass and ... of myosin filaments (d) Gout - Inflammation of joints due to extra deposition of calcium

Last Answer : (b) Osteoporosis – Decrease in bone mass and higher chances of fractures with advancing age