Histamine causes all the following except (A) Stimulation of gastric secretion (B) Vasoconstriction (C) Pruritus (D) Increase in capillary permeability

Histamine causes all the following except (A) Stimulation of gastric secretion (B) Vasoconstriction (C) Pruritus (D) Increase in capillary permeability
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Secretin causes all of the following except (A) Secretion of pancreatic juice (B) Secretion of bile (C) Inhibition of gastric secretion (D) Stimulation of intestinal motility

Description : Secretin causes all of the following except (A) Secretion of pancreatic juice (B) Secretion of bile (C) Inhibition of gastric secretion (D) Stimulation of intestinal motility

Last Answer : Answer : D

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the vascular response to injury? a. Vasoconstriction is an early event in the response to injury b. Vasodilatation is a detrimental response to injury with normal body processes working to avoid this process c. Vascular permeability is maintained to prevent further cellular injury d. Histamine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) are important mediators of local vasoconstriction

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the vascular response to injury? a. Vasoconstriction is an early event in the response to injury b. Vasodilatation is a ... Histamine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) are important mediators of local vasoconstriction

Last Answer : Answer: a After wounding, there is transient vasoconstriction mediated by catecholamines, thromboxane, and prostaglandin F2 (PGF2a). This period of vasoconstriction lasts for only five to ten minutes. Once ... and mast cells and enhance the egress of cells and substrate into the wound and tissue

The actions of platelet activating factor include the following except: A. Increased capillary permeability B. Bronchodilatation C. Vasodilatation D. Erosion of gastric mucosa

Description : The actions of platelet activating factor include the following except: A. Increased capillary permeability B. Bronchodilatation C. Vasodilatation D. Erosion of gastric mucosa

Last Answer : B. Bronchodilatation

Which of the following body substances causes increased gastric secretion, dilation of capillaries, and constriction of the bronchial smooth muscle? a) Histamine When cells are damaged, histamine is released.

Description : Which of the following body substances causes increased gastric secretion, dilation of capillaries, and constriction of the bronchial smooth muscle? a) Histamine When cells are damaged, ... Prostaglandin Prostaglandins are unsaturated fatty acids that have a wide assortment of biologic activity.

Last Answer : a) Histamine When cells are damaged, histamine is released.

Actions of bradykinin include the following except: A. Fall in blood pressure B. Cardiac depression C. Increase in capillary permeability D. Bronchoconstriction

Description : Actions of bradykinin include the following except: A. Fall in blood pressure B. Cardiac depression C. Increase in capillary permeability D. Bronchoconstriction

Last Answer : B. Cardiac depression

Histamine exerts the following actions except: A. Dilatation of large blood vessels B. Dilatation of small blood vessels C. Stimulation of isolated guineapig heart D. Itching

Description : Histamine exerts the following actions except: A. Dilatation of large blood vessels B. Dilatation of small blood vessels C. Stimulation of isolated guineapig heart D. Itching

Last Answer : A. Dilatation of large blood vessels

Histamine exerts the following actions except: A. Dilatation of large blood vessels B. Dilatation of small blood vessels C. Stimulation of isolated guineapig heart D. Itching

Description : Histamine exerts the following actions except: A. Dilatation of large blood vessels B. Dilatation of small blood vessels C. Stimulation of isolated guineapig heart D. Itching

Last Answer : A. Dilatation of large blood vessels

Of the following categories of medications, which is used in combination with bismuth salts to eradicate Helicobacter pylori? a) Antibiotics Antibiotics and bismuth salts are given to eradicate H. pylori. b) Antacids Antacids are given to manage gastric acidity. c) Proton pump inhibitors Proton pump inhibitors are given to decrease acid secretion. d) Histamine-2 receptor antagonists Histamine-2 receptor antagonists are given to decrease the acid secretion in the stomach.

Description : Of the following categories of medications, which is used in combination with bismuth salts to eradicate Helicobacter pylori? a) Antibiotics Antibiotics and bismuth salts are given to eradicate ... antagonists Histamine-2 receptor antagonists are given to decrease the acid secretion in the stomach.

Last Answer : a) Antibiotics Antibiotics and bismuth salts are given to eradicate H. pylori.

Leukotrienes cause (A) Increase in capillary permeability (B) Aggregation of platelets (C) Bronchodilatation (D) None of these

Description : Leukotrienes cause (A) Increase in capillary permeability (B) Aggregation of platelets (C) Bronchodilatation (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer : A

Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis? (a) More water reabsorption due to undersecretion of ADH. (b) Reabsorption of Na+ and water from renal tubules due to aldosterone. (c) Atrial natriuretic factor causes vasoconstriction. (d) Decrease in secretion of renin by JG cells. (NEE

Description : Which of the following would help in prevention of diuresis? (a) More water reabsorption due to undersecretion of ADH. (b) Reabsorption of Na+ and water from renal tubules due to ... Atrial natriuretic factor causes vasoconstriction. (d) Decrease in secretion of renin by JG cells. (NEE

Last Answer : (b) Reabsorption of Na+ and water from renal tubules due to aldosterone.

Stimulation of the beta receptors give rise to: a. tachycardia b. increased myocardial contraction c. vasoconstriction of visceral vessels d. pupil dilatation

Description : Stimulation of the beta receptors give rise to: a. tachycardia b. increased myocardial contraction c. vasoconstriction of visceral vessels d. pupil dilatation

Last Answer : increased myocardial contraction

Which pressor agent acts directly as well as indirectly and produces both vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation: A. Phenylephrine B. Methoxamine C. Noradrenaline D. Mephentermine

Description : Which pressor agent acts directly as well as indirectly and produces both vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation: A. Phenylephrine B. Methoxamine C. Noradrenaline D. Mephentermine

Last Answer : D. Mephentermine

Which pressor agent acts directly as well as indirectly and produces both vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation: A. Phenylephrine B. Methoxamine C. Noradrenaline D. Mephentermine

Description : Which pressor agent acts directly as well as indirectly and produces both vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation: A. Phenylephrine B. Methoxamine C. Noradrenaline D. Mephentermine

Last Answer : D. Mephentermine

Which pressor agent acts directly as well as indirectly and produces both vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation: A. Phenylephrine B. Methoxamine C. Noradrenaline D. Mephentermine

Description : Which pressor agent acts directly as well as indirectly and produces both vasoconstriction and cardiac stimulation: A. Phenylephrine B. Methoxamine C. Noradrenaline D. Mephentermine

Last Answer : D. Mephentermine

Leukotrienes: 1) Are formed from the cyclooxygenase pathway 2) Are synthesized by fibroblasts 3) Decrease vascular permeability 4) Leukotriene D4 has been identified as SRS-A which causes bronchial wall smooth muscle relaxation 5) Stimulate mucus secretion

Description : Leukotrienes: 1) Are formed from the cyclooxygenase pathway 2) Are synthesized by fibroblasts 3) Decrease vascular permeability 4) Leukotriene D4 has been identified as SRS-A which causes bronchial wall smooth muscle relaxation 5) Stimulate mucus secretion

Last Answer : Answers-5 Leukotrienes are synthesized by leucocytes.They are mediators of allergic reaction. They increase vascular permeability and attract neutrophils and eosinophils to inflammatory sites. ... stimulate mucus production, an important consideration in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma.

Prostaglandins decrease all of the following except (A) Gastric acid secretion (B) Blood pressure (C) Uterine contraction (D) Platelet aggregation

Description : Prostaglandins decrease all of the following except (A) Gastric acid secretion (B) Blood pressure (C) Uterine contraction (D) Platelet aggregation

Last Answer : Answer : C

All of the following statements about cholecystokinin pancreozymin are true except (A) It is secreted by mucosa of small intestine (B) It stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice rich in enzymes (C) It stimulates contraction of gall bladder (D) It inhibits gastric motility

Description : All of the following statements about cholecystokinin pancreozymin are true except (A) It is secreted by mucosa of small intestine (B) It stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice rich in enzymes (C) It stimulates contraction of gall bladder (D) It inhibits gastric motility

Last Answer : Answer : D

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the physiology of the microvascular system? a. Filtration of capillary fluid into the interstitial and the subsequent reabsorption is influenced by Starling’s law of ultrafiltration b. The most important variable controlling blood to a capillary bed is the length of the vessel c. Most of the resistance to systemic blood flow occurs at the arteriolar level d. Adrenergic vasoconstriction can arrest blood flow to an entire capillary bed

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the physiology of the microvascular system? a. Filtration of capillary fluid into the interstitial and the subsequent reabsorption is ... the arteriolar level d. Adrenergic vasoconstriction can arrest blood flow to an entire capillary bed

Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d Exchange of material between the vascular space and the cell of various tissues via the interstitial space is essential for organ viability and occurs at the ... contractions are potent enough that blood flow to entire capillary beds can be arrested by adrenergic vasoconstriction

100. The client complained of generalized pruritus. The following are appropriate nursing interventions except

Description : 100. The client complained of generalized pruritus. The following are appropriate nursing interventions except

Last Answer : B. Regulate the temperature to 25 degrees centigrade or lower

Pick out the wrong statement. (A) The binary diffusivity in liquids is of the order of 10 -5 cm2 /sec (B) Molecular diffusion in solid is much faster than that in liquids (C) Particles movement from higher concentration to lower concentration takes place in diffusion process (D) According to Poiseuille's law, the permeability decreases with increase in temperature for flow of a gas through a given capillary

Description : Pick out the wrong statement. (A) The binary diffusivity in liquids is of the order of 10 -5 cm2 /sec (B) Molecular diffusion in solid is much faster than that in liquids ( ... Poiseuille's law, the permeability decreases with increase in temperature for flow of a gas through a given capillary

Last Answer : (B) Molecular diffusion in solid is much faster than that in liquids

For the flow of gases through a capillary, with increase in temperature, the permeability __________ as per Knudsen law. (A) Increases (B) Decreases (C) Remain same (D) Either (A) or (B); depends on the gas

Description : For the flow of gases through a capillary, with increase in temperature, the permeability __________ as per Knudsen law. (A) Increases (B) Decreases (C) Remain same (D) Either (A) or (B); depends on the gas

Last Answer : (A) Increases

A 55-year-old male undergoes a total abdominal colectomy. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the hormonal response to the surgical procedure? a. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland b. ACTH stimulation results in elevation of serum cortisol levels for up to a week after the operation c. An increased secretion of aldosterone and ADH may contribute to postoperative fluid retention d. An increase in serum insulin and a fall in glucagon accelerate hepatic glucose production and maintain gluconeogenesis

Description : A 55-year-old male undergoes a total abdominal colectomy. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the hormonal response to the surgical procedure? a. Adrenocorticotropic ... in serum insulin and a fall in glucagon accelerate hepatic glucose production and maintain gluconeogenesis

Last Answer : Answer: a, c One of the earliest consequence of a surgical procedure is the rise in levels of circulating cortisol that occur in response to a sudden outpouring of ACTH ... hepatic glucose production, and, with other hormones (epinephrine and glucocorticoids), gluconeogenesis is maintained

Eicosanoids mediate inflammation in a variety of ways. Of the following statements, which are true with regard to this? a. Eicosanoids are stored in cytoplasmic granules for release after receptor mediated signaling b. Eicosanoids include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and lipoxins c. Eicosanoids generally have a plasma half-life measured in hours d. Physiologic responses to eicosanoids include vasodilatation, vasoconstriction, increased vascular permeability and both chemotaxis and chemoattractant inhibition

Description : Eicosanoids mediate inflammation in a variety of ways. Of the following statements, which are true with regard to this? a. Eicosanoids are stored in cytoplasmic granules ... include vasodilatation, vasoconstriction, increased vascular permeability and both chemotaxis and chemoattractant inhibition

Last Answer : Answer: b, d The eicosanoids are derived from arachidonic acid (eicosatetraenoic acid) and consist of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and lipoxins. The eicosanoids are not ... nervous system d. Mononuclear phagocytes release a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors

The vasopressin action(s) mediated by V2 receptors include(s): A. Increased water permeability of collecting duct cells B. Increased urea permeability of collecting duct cells C. Vasoconstriction D. Both 'A' and 'B

Description : The vasopressin action(s) mediated by V2 receptors include(s): A. Increased water permeability of collecting duct cells B. Increased urea permeability of collecting duct cells C. Vasoconstriction D. Both 'A' and 'B

Last Answer : D. Both 'A' and 'B

Mechanism by which adrenaline can prolong the duration of local anesthesia a) Decreased permeability of the vascular endothelium b) Precipitation of lidocaine c) Changing the pH of the solution d) Local Vasoconstriction

Description : Mechanism by which adrenaline can prolong the duration of local anesthesia a) Decreased permeability of the vascular endothelium b) Precipitation of lidocaine c) Changing the pH of the solution d) Local Vasoconstriction

Last Answer : d) Local Vasoconstriction 

Secretion of gastrin is evoked by (A) Entry of food into stomach (B) Vagal stimulation (C) Lower aliphatic alcohols (D) All of these

Description : Secretion of gastrin is evoked by (A) Entry of food into stomach (B) Vagal stimulation (C) Lower aliphatic alcohols (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : D

________________ causes pharmacodynamic drug interaction. a) Gastric motility changes. b) Stimulation of metabolism. c) Alteration of pH of GIT. d)Interactions at receptor site.

Description : ________________ causes pharmacodynamic drug interaction. a) Gastric motility changes. b) Stimulation of metabolism. c) Alteration of pH of GIT. d)Interactions at receptor site.

Last Answer : d)Interactions at receptor site. 

Smooth muscle relaxation is due to stimulation of which type of histamine receptors (a) H1 (b) H2 (c) H3 (d) All of the above

Description : Smooth muscle relaxation is due to stimulation of which type of histamine receptors (a) H1 (b) H2 (c) H3 (d) All of the above

Last Answer : Ans: B

In the intact animal H2 receptor antagonists potentiate the following action of histamine: A. Cardiac stimulation B. Fall in blood pressure C. Uterine relaxation D. Bronchospasm

Description : In the intact animal H2 receptor antagonists potentiate the following action of histamine: A. Cardiac stimulation B. Fall in blood pressure C. Uterine relaxation D. Bronchospasm

Last Answer : D. Bronchospasm

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the neuroendocrine responses to shock? a. Sympathetic nerve endings release epinephrine which is responsible for greater than 80% of systemic vascular resistance b. Endogenous epinephrine is the primary contributor to systemic vascular resistance c. Increased pancreatic secretion of glucagon contributes to glucose intolerance associated with injury and sepsis d. The renin-angiotensin axis further augments the sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the neuroendocrine responses to shock? a. Sympathetic nerve endings release epinephrine which is responsible for greater than 80% ... injury and sepsis d. The renin-angiotensin axis further augments the sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction

Last Answer : Answer: c, d The neuroendocrine response to shock attempts to achieve restoration of effective blood volume, mobilization of metabolic substrates, and maintenance of central ... . Angiotensin II is an extremely effective vasoconstrictor that further augments sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction

Omeprazole exerts practically no other action except inhibition of gastric acid secretion because: A. It transforms into the active cationic forms only in the acidic pH of the gastric juice B. Its active forms have selective affinity for the H+K+ATPase located in the apical canaliculi of gastric parietal cells C. Its cationic forms are unable to diffuse out from the gastric parietal cell canaliculi D. All of the above

Description : Omeprazole exerts practically no other action except inhibition of gastric acid secretion because: A. It transforms into the active cationic forms only in the acidic pH of the gastric juice B. Its ... forms are unable to diffuse out from the gastric parietal cell canaliculi D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

Actions of prostaglandin E2 include the following except: A. Fall in blood pressure B. Bronchoconstriction C. Uterine contraction D. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion

Description : Actions of prostaglandin E2 include the following except: A. Fall in blood pressure B. Bronchoconstriction C. Uterine contraction D. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion

Last Answer : B. Bronchoconstriction

Phases of multiorgan failure will include: a. Generalized increased capillary permeability b. A hypermetabolic state c. Organ malfunction d. All of the above

Description : Phases of multiorgan failure will include: a. Generalized increased capillary permeability b. A hypermetabolic state c. Organ malfunction d. All of the above

Last Answer : Answer: d Clinically the multiple-organ failure patient progresses through well-defined phases. These phases include: Phase 1-a generalized increased capillary permeability resulting in edema, weight gain, ... tissue damage in the lung or brain, the death of the entire organ is likely

According to Poiseuille's law, the permeability for gas flow through a capillary is proportional to (where, μ = gas viscosity) (A) μ (B) 1/μ (C) √μ (D) μ

Description : According to Poiseuille's law, the permeability for gas flow through a capillary is proportional to (where, μ = gas viscosity) (A) μ (B) 1/μ (C) √μ (D) μ

Last Answer : (B) 1/μ

Capillary permeability is increased by: a. bradykinin b. adrenaline c. calcium d. vasopressin

Description : Capillary permeability is increased by: a. bradykinin b. adrenaline c. calcium d. vasopressin

Last Answer : bradykinin

Insulin secretion: a. is inhibited by atropine b. is increased by vagal stimulation c. is inhibited by amino acids d. is stimulated by beta agonists

Description : Insulin secretion: a. is inhibited by atropine b. is increased by vagal stimulation c. is inhibited by amino acids d. is stimulated by beta agonists

Last Answer : is increased by vagal stimulation

Secretion of Serotonin, heparin and histamine is the function of

Description : Secretion of Serotonin, heparin and histamine is the function of

Last Answer : mast cells.

Acid secretion of stomach is stimulated by (a) Gastrin (b) Histamine (c) Vagus nerve (d) All the above

Description : Acid secretion of stomach is stimulated by (a) Gastrin (b) Histamine (c) Vagus nerve (d) All the above

Last Answer : (d) All the above

Gastric Secretion is regulated by the hormone: (A) Glucagon (B) Gastrin (C) Epinephrin (D) ACTH

Description : Gastric Secretion is regulated by the hormone: (A) Glucagon (B) Gastrin (C) Epinephrin (D) ACTH

Last Answer : Answer : B

One of the important functions of prostacyclins is (A) Inhibition of platelet aggregation (B) Contraction of uterus (C) Decrease of gastric secretion (D) Relieving osthma

Description : One of the important functions of prostacyclins is (A) Inhibition of platelet aggregation (B) Contraction of uterus (C) Decrease of gastric secretion (D) Relieving osthma

Last Answer : Answer : A

Prostaglandins stimulate (A) Aggregation of platelets (B) Lipolysis in adipose tissue (C) Bronchodilatation (D) Gastric acid secretion

Description : Prostaglandins stimulate (A) Aggregation of platelets (B) Lipolysis in adipose tissue (C) Bronchodilatation (D) Gastric acid secretion

Last Answer : Answer : C

A digestive secretion that does not contain any digestive enzyme is (A) Saliva (B) Gastric juice (C) Pancreatic juice (D) Bile

Description : A digestive secretion that does not contain any digestive enzyme is (A) Saliva (B) Gastric juice (C) Pancreatic juice (D) Bile

Last Answer : Answer : D

Gastrin stimulates (A) Gastric motility (B) Gastric secretion (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these

Description : Gastrin stimulates (A) Gastric motility (B) Gastric secretion (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer : C

A 17-year-old patient involved in an automobile accident is paralyzed with multiple peripheral extremity injuries. Nutritional support is instituted with a transnasal feeding catheter. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the patient’s management? a. Feeding into the stomach results in stimulation of the biliary/pancreatic axis which is probably trophic for small bowel b. Gastric secretions will dilute the feedings increasing the risk of diarrhea c. The major risk in this patient is tracheobronchial aspiration d. Placement of the feeding catheter through the pylorus into the first portion of the duodenum reduces the risk of regurgitation and aspiration

Description : A 17-year-old patient involved in an automobile accident is paralyzed with multiple peripheral extremity injuries. Nutritional support is instituted with a transnasal feeding catheter. Which of the ... pylorus into the first portion of the duodenum reduces the risk of regurgitation and aspiration

Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d The use of transnasal feeding catheters for intragastric feeding or for duodenal intubation are popular adjuncts for providing nutritional support by the enteral route. The ... the fourth portion of the duodenum reduces the risk of regurgitation and aspiration of feeding formulas

Which of the following medications represents the category proton (gastric acid) pump inhibitors? a) Omeprazole (Prilosec) Omeprazole decreases gastric acid by slowing the hydrogenpotassium-adenosine-triphosphatase pump on the surface of the parietal cells. b) Sucralfate (Carafate) Sucralfate is a cytoprotective drug. c) Famotidine (Pepcid) Famotidine is a histamine-2 receptor antagonist. d) Metronidazole (Flagyl) Metronidazole is an antibiotic, specifically an amebicide.

Description : Which of the following medications represents the category proton (gastric acid) pump inhibitors? a) Omeprazole (Prilosec) Omeprazole decreases gastric acid by slowing the hydrogenpotassium-adenosine ... antagonist. d) Metronidazole (Flagyl) Metronidazole is an antibiotic, specifically an amebicide.

Last Answer : a) Omeprazole (Prilosec) Omeprazole decreases gastric acid by slowing the hydrogenpotassium-adenosine-triphosphatase pump on the surface of the parietal cells.

The following class of gastric antisecretory drug also reduce gastric motility and have primary effect on juice volume, with less marked effect on acid and pepsin content: A. Histamine H2 blockers B. Anticholinergics C. Proton pump inhibitors D. Prostaglandins

Description : The following class of gastric antisecretory drug also reduce gastric motility and have primary effect on juice volume, with less marked effect on acid and pepsin A. Histamine H2 blockers B. Anticholinergics C. Proton pump inhibitors D. Prostaglandins

Last Answer : B. Anticholinergics

Histamine H2 blockers attenuate the gastric secretory response to acetylcholine and pentagastrin as well because: A. H2 blockers block gastric mucosal cholinergic and gastrin receptors as well B. H2 blockers inhibit the proton pump in gastric mucosa C. Acetylcholine and gastrin act partly by releasing histamine in gastric mucosa D. Histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin all act through the phospholipase C-IP3:DAG pathway in gastric mucosa

Description : Histamine H2 blockers attenuate the gastric secretory response to acetylcholine and pentagastrin as well because: A. H2 blockers block gastric mucosal cholinergic and gastrin receptors as well B. H2 ... acetylcholine and gastrin all act through the phospholipase C-IP3:DAG pathway in gastric mucosa

Last Answer : C. Acetylcholine and gastrin act partly by releasing histamine in gastric mucosa

Agents that often cause vasoconstriction include all of the following except (a) Angiotensin II (b) Methysergide (c) PGF2a (d) Prostacyclin (e) Thromboxane

Description : Agents that often cause vasoconstriction include all of the following except (a) Angiotensin II (b) Methysergide (c) PGF2a (d) Prostacyclin (e) Thromboxane

Last Answer : Ans: D

Beneficial effects of β-adrenoceptor blockers in CHF include the following except: A. Antagonism of ventricular wall stress enhancing action of sympathetic overactivity B. Antagonism of vasoconstriction due to sympathetic overactivity C. Prevention of pathological remodeling of ventricular myocardium D. Prevention of dangerous cardiac arrhythmias

Description : Beneficial effects of β-adrenoceptor blockers in CHF include the following except: A. Antagonism of ventricular wall stress enhancing action of sympathetic overactivity B. Antagonism ... Prevention of pathological remodeling of ventricular myocardium D. Prevention of dangerous cardiac arrhythmias

Last Answer : B. Antagonism of vasoconstriction due to sympathetic overactivity