Metabolic acidosis is caused in (A) Uncontrolled diabetes with ketosis (B) Pneumonia (C) Intestinal Obstruction (D) Hepatic coma

Metabolic acidosis is caused in (A) Uncontrolled diabetes with ketosis (B) Pneumonia (C) Intestinal Obstruction (D) Hepatic coma
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Metabolic acidosis is caused in (A) Pneumonia (B) Prolonged starvation (C) Intestinal obstruction (D) Bulbar polio

Description : Metabolic acidosis is caused in (A) Pneumonia (B) Prolonged starvation (C) Intestinal obstruction (D) Bulbar polio

Last Answer : Answer : B

Anion gap is increased in (A) Renal tubular acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis resulting from diarrhoea (C) Metabolic acidosis resulting from intestinal obstruction (D) Diabetic ketoacidosis

Description : Anion gap is increased in (A) Renal tubular acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis resulting from diarrhoea (C) Metabolic acidosis resulting from intestinal obstruction (D) Diabetic ketoacidosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

Metabolic alkalosis occurs (A) As consequence of high intestinal obstruction (B) In central nervous system disease (C) In diarrhoea (D) In colitis

Description : Metabolic alkalosis occurs (A) As consequence of high intestinal obstruction (B) In central nervous system disease (C) In diarrhoea (D) In colitis

Last Answer : Answer : A

Accidental poisonings are common with both aspirin and ibuprofen, two OC drugs available in tasty chewable tablets. In cases of overdose, aspirin is more likely than ibuprofen to cause (a) Autonomic Instability (b) Hepatic necrosis (c) Metabolic acidosis (d) Thrombocytopenia (e) Ventricular arrhythmias

Description : Accidental poisonings are common with both aspirin and ibuprofen, two OC drugs available in tasty chewable tablets. In cases of overdose, aspirin is more likely than ibuprofen to cause (a) ... Instability (b) Hepatic necrosis (c) Metabolic acidosis (d) Thrombocytopenia (e) Ventricular arrhythmias

Last Answer : Ans: C

Metabolic effects that generally attend antiinflammatory doses of aspirin include the following except: A. Increased CO2 production B. Hepatic glycogen depletion C. Metabolic acidosis D. Compensated respiratory alkalosis

Description : Metabolic effects that generally attend antiinflammatory doses of aspirin include the following except: A. Increased CO2 production B. Hepatic glycogen depletion C. Metabolic acidosis D. Compensated respiratory alkalosis

Last Answer : C. Metabolic acidosis

Ketosis reflects (A) Increased hepatic glucose liberation (B) Increased fatty acid oxidation (C) Increased carbohydrate utilisation (D) Incresed gluconeogenesis

Description : Ketosis reflects (A) Increased hepatic glucose liberation (B) Increased fatty acid oxidation (C) Increased carbohydrate utilisation (D) Incresed gluconeogenesis

Last Answer : Answer : B

Ketosis is associated with the disease: (A) Nephritis (B) Diabetes mellitus (C) Edema (D) Coronary artery diseases

Description : Ketosis is associated with the disease: (A) Nephritis (B) Diabetes mellitus (C) Edema (D) Coronary artery diseases

Last Answer : Answer : B

Pre- hepatic jaundice occurs because of (A) Increased haemolysis (B) Liver damage (C) Biliary obstruction (D) None of these

Description : Pre- hepatic jaundice occurs because of (A) Increased haemolysis (B) Liver damage (C) Biliary obstruction (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer : A

Salicylate poisoning can cause (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap (C) Metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap (D) Metabolic alkalosis

Description : Salicylate poisoning can cause (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap (C) Metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap (D) Metabolic alkalosis

Last Answer : Answer : C

Anion gap is normal in (A) Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis (B) Diabetic ketoacidosis (C) Lactic acidosis (D) Uraemic acidosis

Description : Anion gap is normal in (A) Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis (B) Diabetic ketoacidosis (C) Lactic acidosis (D) Uraemic acidosis

Last Answer : Answer : A

Hypercholremia is associated with (A) Hyponatremia (B) Hypernatremia (C) Metabolic alkalosis(D) Respiratory acidosis

Description : Hypercholremia is associated with (A) Hyponatremia (B) Hypernatremia (C) Metabolic alkalosis(D) Respiratory acidosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

Salicylate poisoning in early stages causes (A) Metabolic acidosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis

Description : Salicylate poisoning in early stages causes (A) Metabolic acidosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis

Last Answer : Answer : D

Morphine poisoning causes (A) Metabolic acidosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis

Description : Morphine poisoning causes (A) Metabolic acidosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

Meningitis and encephalitis cause (A) Metabolic alkalosis (B) Respiratory alkalosis (C) Metabolic acidosis (D) Respiratory acidosis

Description : Meningitis and encephalitis cause (A) Metabolic alkalosis (B) Respiratory alkalosis (C) Metabolic acidosis (D) Respiratory acidosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

Total CO2 is increased in (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic alkalosis (C) Both respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis

Description : Total CO2 is increased in (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic alkalosis (C) Both respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis

Last Answer : Answer : C

Plasma bicarbonate is increased in (A) Respiratory alkalosis (B) Metabolic alkalosis (C) Respiratory acidosis (D) Metabolic acidosis

Description : Plasma bicarbonate is increased in (A) Respiratory alkalosis (B) Metabolic alkalosis (C) Respiratory acidosis (D) Metabolic acidosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

Plasma bicarbonate is decreased in (A) Respiratory alkalosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Metabolic acidosis

Description : Plasma bicarbonate is decreased in (A) Respiratory alkalosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Metabolic acidosis

Last Answer : Answer : D

Ammonia is excreted as ammonium salts during metabolic acidosis but the majority is excreted as (A) Phosphates (B) Creatine (C) Uric acid (D) Urea

Description : Ammonia is excreted as ammonium salts during metabolic acidosis but the majority is excreted as (A) Phosphates (B) Creatine (C) Uric acid (D) Urea

Last Answer : Answer : D

A 73 year old male presented with an acute attack of gout in his left knee. What is the most likely underlying metabolic cause? 1) decreased renal excretion of uric acid 2) endogenous overproduction of uric acid 3) excessive dietary purine intake 4) lactic acidosis 5) starvation

Description : A 73 year old male presented with an acute attack of gout in his left knee. What is the most likely underlying metabolic cause? 1) decreased renal excretion of uric acid 2) endogenous overproduction of uric acid 3) excessive dietary purine intake 4) lactic acidosis 5) starvation

Last Answer : Answers-1 The aetiology of gout can broadly be divided into cases where there is underexcretion of urate via the kidney (90%) or endogenous overproduction of uric acid (10%) although in practical ... diuretic use. Excessive dietary intake of purines is unlikely to be the main cause in this case.

Oral neomycin is beneficial in hepatic coma because: A. In hepatic failure patients it is absorbed from the intestines B. It decreases ammonia production by gut bacteria C. It reacts chemically with ammonia in the gut to prevent its diffusion into blood D. It induces ammonia detoxifying enzymes in the liver

Description : Oral neomycin is beneficial in hepatic coma because: A. In hepatic failure patients it is absorbed from the intestines B. It decreases ammonia production by gut bacteria C. It reacts chemically with ... gut to prevent its diffusion into blood D. It induces ammonia detoxifying enzymes in the liver

Last Answer : B. It decreases ammonia production by gut bacteria

Nascent HDL of intestinal origin acquires Apo C and Apo E from (A) Chylomicrons (B) VLDL (C) LDL (D) HDL of the hepatic origin

Description : Nascent HDL of intestinal origin acquires Apo C and Apo E from (A) Chylomicrons (B) VLDL (C) LDL (D) HDL of the hepatic origin

Last Answer : Answer : D

All the following statements correctly describe ketone bodies except (A) They may result from starvation (B) They are present at high levels in uncontrolled diabetes (C) They include—OH β-butyrate and acetone (D) They are utilized by the liver during long term starvation

Description : All the following statements correctly describe ketone bodies except (A) They may result from starvation (B) They are present at high levels in uncontrolled diabetes (C) They include—OH β-butyrate and acetone (D) They are utilized by the liver during long term starvation

Last Answer : Answer : D

Hypoglycaemic coma can occur (A) In untreated diabetes mellitus (B) In starvation (C) After overdose of oral hypoglycaemic drugs (D) After overdose of insulin

Description : Hypoglycaemic coma can occur (A) In untreated diabetes mellitus (B) In starvation (C) After overdose of oral hypoglycaemic drugs (D) After overdose of insulin

Last Answer : Answer : D

If a person has an intestinal obstruction and needs surgery, how long is the recovery time?

Description : If a person has an intestinal obstruction and needs surgery, how long is the recovery time?

Last Answer : It would depend a lot on whether it would be able to be done laparoscopically or of they needed an abdominal incision. Laparoscopic surgery could have a recovery time of a few days to a week; my guess is that.abdominal surgery could require a month to six weeks recovery but that is an estimate.

Intestinal obstruction repair?

Description : Intestinal obstruction repair?

Last Answer : DefinitionIntestinal obstruction repair is surgery to relieve a bowel obstruction. A bowel obstruction is when the contents of the intestines cannot pass through and exit the body. A complete obstruction is ... blocked. The blockage will be freed.Any injured sections of your bowel will be repaired

Intestinal obstruction?

Description : Intestinal obstruction?

Last Answer : DefinitionIntestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the bowel that results in the failure of the intestinal contents to pass through.Alternative NamesParalytic ileus; ... or mineral disturbances (such as decreased potassium levels)Complications of intra-abdominal surgeryDecrea

A 47-year-old patient undergoing a complicated laparotomy for bowel obstruction develops a postoperative enterocutaneous fistula. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning parenteral nutritional support in the postoperative period? a. Oral intake can result in severe dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, and perifistula skin injury b. Total parenteral nutrition increases the spontaneous closure rate of intestinal fistula c. Total parenteral nutrition decreases mortality rate in patients with intestinal fistulas d. The use of TPN better prepares the patient for surgery if surgical intervention proves necessary

Description : A 47-year-old patient undergoing a complicated laparotomy for bowel obstruction develops a postoperative enterocutaneous fistula. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning parenteral ... use of TPN better prepares the patient for surgery if surgical intervention proves necessary

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d Patients with gastrointestinal-cutaneous fistulas represent the classical indication for TPN. In such patients, oral intake of food almost invariably results in increased ... treated more aggressively surgically after a defined period of nutritional support (unless closure occurs)

Kehr’s sign is a classical feature of Options: 1) Rupture of liver 2) Acute pancreatitis 3) Acute intestinal obstruction 4) Rupture of spleen

Description : Kehr’s sign is a classical feature of Options: 1) Rupture of liver 2) Acute pancreatitis 3) Acute intestinal obstruction 4) Rupture of spleen

Last Answer : Correct Answer: 4) Rupture of spleen

Kehr’s sign is a classical feature of Options: 1) Rupture of liver 2) Acute pancreatitis 3) Acute intestinal obstruction 4) Rupture of spleen

Description : Kehr’s sign is a classical feature of Options: 1) Rupture of liver 2) Acute pancreatitis 3) Acute intestinal obstruction 4) Rupture of spleen

Last Answer : Correct Answer: 4) Rupture of spleen

A child has been brought with intestinal obstruction due to clumping of roundworms. Select the anthelmintic which administered by intragastric tube can relax the ascarids and relieve the obstruction: A. Levamisole B. Mebendazole C. Pyrantel pamoate D. Piperazine

Description : A child has been brought with intestinal obstruction due to clumping of roundworms. Select the anthelmintic which administered by intragastric tube can relax the ascarids and relieve the obstruction: A. Levamisole B. Mebendazole C. Pyrantel pamoate D. Piperazine

Last Answer : D. Piperazine

Metabolic acidosis?

Description : Metabolic acidosis?

Last Answer : DefinitionMetabolic acidosis is a condition in which there is too much acid in the body fluids.Alternative NamesAcidosis - metabolicCauses, incidence, and risk factorsMetabolic acidosis ... AlcoholCancerExercising for a very long timeLiver failureLow blood sugar (hypoglycemia)Medications such a

Which of the following complications of TPN are appropriately managed with the listed treatment? a. Air embolism—place patient in reverse Trendelenburg and the left lateral decubitus position and aspirate venous air b. Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis—give sodium and potassium as acetate salts c. Carbon dioxide retention—decrease glucose calories and replace with fat d. Line sepsis—intravenous antibiotics

Description : Which of the following complications of TPN are appropriately managed with the listed treatment? a. Air embolism-place patient in reverse Trendelenburg and the left lateral decubitus position ... dioxide retention-decrease glucose calories and replace with fat d. Line sepsis-intravenous antibiotics

Last Answer : Answer: b, c A number of complications of TPN can occur which can be divided into three types: mechanical, metabolic, and infectious

Which of the following statements are true of elevated–anion gap metabolic acidosis? A. Hypoperfusion from the shock state rarely produces an elevated anion gap. B. Retention of sulfuric and phosphoric acids may lead to this form of acidosis. C. Copious diarrhea does not produce this condition. D. Rapid volume expansion may produce this form of acidosis. E. Use of lactated Ringer's solution is inappropriate in the treatment of lactic acidosis.

Description : Which of the following statements are true of elevated-anion gap metabolic acidosis? A. Hypoperfusion from the shock state rarely produces an elevated anion gap. B. Retention of sulfuric and phosphoric ... E. Use of lactated Ringer's solution is inappropriate in the treatment of lactic acidosis.

Last Answer : Answer: BC DISCUSSION: An elevated anion gap may be produced by lactic acidosis from shock or by retention of inorganic acids from uremia. Lactated Ringer's solution rapidly corrects the ... . Bicarbonate loss from diarrhea and dilutional acidosis are non-anion gap types of metabolic acidosis

The toxicity spectrum of aspirin does not include (a) Increased risk of encephalopathy in children with viral infections (b) Increased risk of peptic ulcers (c) Hyperprothrombinemia (d) Metabolic acidosis (e) Respiratory alkalosis

Description : The toxicity spectrum of aspirin does not include (a) Increased risk of encephalopathy in children with viral infections (b) Increased risk of peptic ulcers (c) Hyperprothrombinemia (d) Metabolic acidosis (e) Respiratory alkalosis

Last Answer : Ans: C

Which one of the following effects does not occur in salicylate intoxication ? (a) Hyperventilation (b) Hypothemia (c) Metabolic acidosis (d) Respiratory alkalosis (e) Tinnitus

Description : Which one of the following effects does not occur in salicylate intoxication ? (a) Hyperventilation (b) Hypothemia (c) Metabolic acidosis (d) Respiratory alkalosis (e) Tinnitus

Last Answer : Ans: B

metabolic acidosis b. hyperkalaemia c. hypernatraemia d. renal calculi e. hypercalcaemia

Description : metabolic acidosis b. hyperkalaemia c. hypernatraemia d. renal calculi e. hypercalcaemia

Last Answer : metabolic acidosis

Which of the following is true concerning a 68 year old male with type 2 diabetes diagnosed with type IV renal tubal acidosis? 1) Aminoaciduria would be expected. 2) Fludrocortisone treatment is effective 3) Increased Glomerular filtration rate is expected. 4) Increased urinary bicarbonate would be expected. 5) Normal renal handling of K+ and H+

Description : Which of the following is true concerning a 68 year old male with type 2 diabetes diagnosed with type IV renal tubal acidosis? 1) Aminoaciduria would be expected. 2) Fludrocortisone treatment is effective ... 4) Increased urinary bicarbonate would be expected. 5) Normal renal handling of K+ and H+

Last Answer : Answers-2 H+ secretion, sodium reabsorption and ammonia production diminishes. RTA 4 is in effect hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism or failure of aldosterone action and thus helped treated with ... particularly. Aminoaciduria and increased urine bicarbonate are features of RTA types 1 and 2.

A 59-year-old trauma patient has suffered multiple septic complications including severe pneumonia, intraabdominal abscess, and major wound infection. He has now developed signs of multisystem organ failure. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning necessary changes to be made in his nutritional management? a. Carbohydrate load should be reduced in the face of respiratory failure b. In patients with renal failure, protein intake should be diminished c. During hemodialysis protein intake should be limited to the same extent d. In patients with hepatic failure, carbohydrate load should be increased

Description : A 59-year-old trauma patient has suffered multiple septic complications including severe pneumonia, intraabdominal abscess, and major wound infection. He has now developed signs of multisystem organ ... the same extent d. In patients with hepatic failure, carbohydrate load should be increased

Last Answer : Answer: a, b The most severe complication of sepsis is multiple system organ dysfunction syndrome, which may result in death. The development of organ failure requires changes in the ... should be provided as fat emulsion. If encephalopathy develops, protein load should also be reduced0

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning metabolic derangements in sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome which may follow progressive shock? a. Alterations in glucose metabolism lead to the development of efficient substrate utilization b. A progressive rise in serum triglyceride levels result from less efficient clearance and increased hepatic lipogenesis c. A net negative nitrogen balance occurs due to the oxidative metabolism of proteins to meet energy needs d. The serum aromatic amino acids fall rapidly as they are actively used in oxidative metabolism

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning metabolic derangements in sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome which may follow progressive shock? a. Alterations in glucose ... The serum aromatic amino acids fall rapidly as they are actively used in oxidative metabolism

Last Answer : Answer: b, c A broad spectrum of metabolic abnormalities become apparent in sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome following shock. Disruption of the normal cycles of carbohydrate, ... acetyl coenzyme A. This results in reduced serum level of leucine, isoleucine and valine

The most significant nursing problem related to continuous tube feedings is a) potential for aspiration Because the normal swallowing mechanism is bypassed, consideration of the danger of aspiration must be foremost in the mind of the nurse caring for the patient receiving continuous tube feedings. b) interruption of GI integrity Tube feedings preserve GI integrity by intraluminal delivery of nutrients. c) disturbance in the sequence of intestinal and hepatic metabolism Tube feedings preserve the normal sequence of intestinal and hepatic metabolism. d) interruption in fat metabolism and lipoprotein synthesis Tube feedings maintain fat metabolism and lipoprotein synthesis.

Description : The most significant nursing problem related to continuous tube feedings is a) potential for aspiration Because the normal swallowing mechanism is bypassed, consideration of the danger of ... in fat metabolism and lipoprotein synthesis Tube feedings maintain fat metabolism and lipoprotein synthesis.

Last Answer : a) potential for aspiration Because the normal swallowing mechanism is bypassed, consideration of the danger of aspiration must be foremost in the mind of the nurse caring for the patient receiving continuous tube feedings.

After treating intestinal amoebiasis with metronidazole, a course of diloxanide furoate is often advised to: A. Cure any subclinical hepatic involvement B. Suppress the symbiotic intestinal flora C. Eradicate luminal cyst forming trophozoites D. Both ‘B’ and ‘C’ are correc

Description : After treating intestinal amoebiasis with metronidazole, a course of diloxanide furoate is often advised to: A. Cure any subclinical hepatic involvement B. Suppress the symbiotic intestinal flora C. Eradicate luminal cyst forming trophozoites D. Both ‘B’ and ‘C’ are correc

Last Answer : C. Eradicate luminal cyst forming trophozoites

The following drug is effective in hepatic amoebiasis but not in intestinal amoebiasis: A. Chloroquine B. Emetine C. Tetracycline D. Diloxanide furoate

Description : The following drug is effective in hepatic amoebiasis but not in intestinal amoebiasis: A. Chloroquine B. Emetine C. Tetracycline D. Diloxanide furoate

Last Answer : A. Chloroquine

The distinctive feature of secnidazole is: A. It is not absorbed after oral ingestion B. It is recommended for single dose treatment of intestinal amoebiasis C. It is effective in intestinal but not in hepatic amoebiasis D. It is effective in both trichomonas as well as monilial vaginitis

Description : The distinctive feature of secnidazole is: A. It is not absorbed after oral ingestion B. It is recommended for single dose treatment of intestinal amoebiasis C. It is effective in intestinal but not in hepatic amoebiasis D. It is effective in both trichomonas as well as monilial vaginitis

Last Answer : B. It is recommended for single dose treatment of intestinal amoebiasis

In which condition do you have to prescribe antibiotics prior to dental treatment: A. Rheumatic fever B. Sub-acute bacterial endocarditis C. By pass D. Valve replacement E. Uncontrolled diabetes F. All of the above

Description : In which condition do you have to prescribe antibiotics prior to dental treatment: A. Rheumatic fever B. Sub-acute bacterial endocarditis C. By pass D. Valve replacement E. Uncontrolled diabetes F. All of the above

Last Answer : F. All of the above

Antibiotics should be used routinely to prevent infection arising from oral surgery in patients suffering from all the following EXCEPT: A. Agranulocytosis B. Sever uncontrolled diabetes C. Aplastic anaemia D. Mumps E. Leukaemia

Description : Antibiotics should be used routinely to prevent infection arising from oral surgery in patients suffering from all the following EXCEPT: A. Agranulocytosis B. Sever uncontrolled diabetes C. Aplastic anaemia D. Mumps E. Leukaemia

Last Answer : D. Mumps

Which of the following is not likely to be the cause of failure of antimicrobial therapy of an acute infection: A. Improper selection of drug and dose B. Acquisition of resistance during treatment C. Failure to drain the pus D. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

Description : Which of the following is not likely to be the cause of failure of antimicrobial therapy of an acute infection: A. Improper selection of drug and dose B. Acquisition of resistance during treatment C. Failure to drain the pus D. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

Last Answer : B. Acquisition of resistance during treatment

Renal glycosuria is characterized by (A) Hyperglycemia (B) Hyperglycemia with glycosuria (C) Normal blood glucose level with glycosuria (D) Hyperglycemia with ketosis

Description : Renal glycosuria is characterized by (A) Hyperglycemia (B) Hyperglycemia with glycosuria (C) Normal blood glucose level with glycosuria (D) Hyperglycemia with ketosis

Last Answer : Answer : C

Ketosis in partly ascribed to (A) Over production and Glucose (B) Under production of Glucose (C) Increased carbohydrate utilization (D) Increased fat utilization

Description : Ketosis in partly ascribed to (A) Over production and Glucose (B) Under production of Glucose (C) Increased carbohydrate utilization (D) Increased fat utilization

Last Answer : Answer : D