metabolic acidosis b. hyperkalaemia c. hypernatraemia d. renal calculi e. hypercalcaemia

metabolic acidosis
b. hyperkalaemia
c. hypernatraemia
d. renal calculi
e. hypercalcaemia
by

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Answer :

metabolic acidosis
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Related questions

Anion gap is increased in (A) Renal tubular acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis resulting from diarrhoea (C) Metabolic acidosis resulting from intestinal obstruction (D) Diabetic ketoacidosis

Description : Anion gap is increased in (A) Renal tubular acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis resulting from diarrhoea (C) Metabolic acidosis resulting from intestinal obstruction (D) Diabetic ketoacidosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

A 73 year old male presented with an acute attack of gout in his left knee. What is the most likely underlying metabolic cause? 1) decreased renal excretion of uric acid 2) endogenous overproduction of uric acid 3) excessive dietary purine intake 4) lactic acidosis 5) starvation

Description : A 73 year old male presented with an acute attack of gout in his left knee. What is the most likely underlying metabolic cause? 1) decreased renal excretion of uric acid 2) endogenous overproduction of uric acid 3) excessive dietary purine intake 4) lactic acidosis 5) starvation

Last Answer : Answers-1 The aetiology of gout can broadly be divided into cases where there is underexcretion of urate via the kidney (90%) or endogenous overproduction of uric acid (10%) although in practical ... diuretic use. Excessive dietary intake of purines is unlikely to be the main cause in this case.

Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of diabetes mellitus? (a) Uremia and Ketonuria (b) Uremia and Renal Calculi (c) Ketonuria and Glycosuria (d) Renal calculi and Hyperglycaemia

Description : Presence of which of the following conditions in urine are indicative of diabetes mellitus? (a) Uremia and Ketonuria (b) Uremia and Renal Calculi (c) Ketonuria and Glycosuria (d) Renal calculi and Hyperglycaemia

Last Answer : (c) Ketonuria and Glycosuria

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below. Column I Column II A. Glycosuria (i) Accumulation of uric acid in joints B. Gout (ii) Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney C. Renal calculi (iii) Inflammation in glomeruli D. Glomerular (iv) Presence of glucose in nephritis urine A B C D (a) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) (b) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (c) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

Description : Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below. Column I Column II A. Glycosuria (i) Accumulation of uric acid in joints B. Gout (ii) Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney ... (iii) (iv) (c) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

Last Answer : (d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

Which of the following statements are true of elevated–anion gap metabolic acidosis? A. Hypoperfusion from the shock state rarely produces an elevated anion gap. B. Retention of sulfuric and phosphoric acids may lead to this form of acidosis. C. Copious diarrhea does not produce this condition. D. Rapid volume expansion may produce this form of acidosis. E. Use of lactated Ringer's solution is inappropriate in the treatment of lactic acidosis.

Description : Which of the following statements are true of elevated-anion gap metabolic acidosis? A. Hypoperfusion from the shock state rarely produces an elevated anion gap. B. Retention of sulfuric and phosphoric ... E. Use of lactated Ringer's solution is inappropriate in the treatment of lactic acidosis.

Last Answer : Answer: BC DISCUSSION: An elevated anion gap may be produced by lactic acidosis from shock or by retention of inorganic acids from uremia. Lactated Ringer's solution rapidly corrects the ... . Bicarbonate loss from diarrhea and dilutional acidosis are non-anion gap types of metabolic acidosis

Accidental poisonings are common with both aspirin and ibuprofen, two OC drugs available in tasty chewable tablets. In cases of overdose, aspirin is more likely than ibuprofen to cause (a) Autonomic Instability (b) Hepatic necrosis (c) Metabolic acidosis (d) Thrombocytopenia (e) Ventricular arrhythmias

Description : Accidental poisonings are common with both aspirin and ibuprofen, two OC drugs available in tasty chewable tablets. In cases of overdose, aspirin is more likely than ibuprofen to cause (a) ... Instability (b) Hepatic necrosis (c) Metabolic acidosis (d) Thrombocytopenia (e) Ventricular arrhythmias

Last Answer : Ans: C

The toxicity spectrum of aspirin does not include (a) Increased risk of encephalopathy in children with viral infections (b) Increased risk of peptic ulcers (c) Hyperprothrombinemia (d) Metabolic acidosis (e) Respiratory alkalosis

Description : The toxicity spectrum of aspirin does not include (a) Increased risk of encephalopathy in children with viral infections (b) Increased risk of peptic ulcers (c) Hyperprothrombinemia (d) Metabolic acidosis (e) Respiratory alkalosis

Last Answer : Ans: C

Which one of the following effects does not occur in salicylate intoxication ? (a) Hyperventilation (b) Hypothemia (c) Metabolic acidosis (d) Respiratory alkalosis (e) Tinnitus

Description : Which one of the following effects does not occur in salicylate intoxication ? (a) Hyperventilation (b) Hypothemia (c) Metabolic acidosis (d) Respiratory alkalosis (e) Tinnitus

Last Answer : Ans: B

Metabolic acidosis?

Description : Metabolic acidosis?

Last Answer : DefinitionMetabolic acidosis is a condition in which there is too much acid in the body fluids.Alternative NamesAcidosis - metabolicCauses, incidence, and risk factorsMetabolic acidosis ... AlcoholCancerExercising for a very long timeLiver failureLow blood sugar (hypoglycemia)Medications such a

Salicylate poisoning can cause (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap (C) Metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap (D) Metabolic alkalosis

Description : Salicylate poisoning can cause (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap (C) Metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap (D) Metabolic alkalosis

Last Answer : Answer : C

Anion gap is normal in (A) Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis (B) Diabetic ketoacidosis (C) Lactic acidosis (D) Uraemic acidosis

Description : Anion gap is normal in (A) Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis (B) Diabetic ketoacidosis (C) Lactic acidosis (D) Uraemic acidosis

Last Answer : Answer : A

Hypercholremia is associated with (A) Hyponatremia (B) Hypernatremia (C) Metabolic alkalosis(D) Respiratory acidosis

Description : Hypercholremia is associated with (A) Hyponatremia (B) Hypernatremia (C) Metabolic alkalosis(D) Respiratory acidosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

Salicylate poisoning in early stages causes (A) Metabolic acidosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis

Description : Salicylate poisoning in early stages causes (A) Metabolic acidosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis

Last Answer : Answer : D

Morphine poisoning causes (A) Metabolic acidosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis

Description : Morphine poisoning causes (A) Metabolic acidosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

Metabolic acidosis is caused in (A) Pneumonia (B) Prolonged starvation (C) Intestinal obstruction (D) Bulbar polio

Description : Metabolic acidosis is caused in (A) Pneumonia (B) Prolonged starvation (C) Intestinal obstruction (D) Bulbar polio

Last Answer : Answer : B

Metabolic acidosis is caused in (A) Uncontrolled diabetes with ketosis (B) Pneumonia (C) Intestinal Obstruction (D) Hepatic coma

Description : Metabolic acidosis is caused in (A) Uncontrolled diabetes with ketosis (B) Pneumonia (C) Intestinal Obstruction (D) Hepatic coma

Last Answer : Answer : A

Meningitis and encephalitis cause (A) Metabolic alkalosis (B) Respiratory alkalosis (C) Metabolic acidosis (D) Respiratory acidosis

Description : Meningitis and encephalitis cause (A) Metabolic alkalosis (B) Respiratory alkalosis (C) Metabolic acidosis (D) Respiratory acidosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

Total CO2 is increased in (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic alkalosis (C) Both respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis

Description : Total CO2 is increased in (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic alkalosis (C) Both respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis

Last Answer : Answer : C

Plasma bicarbonate is increased in (A) Respiratory alkalosis (B) Metabolic alkalosis (C) Respiratory acidosis (D) Metabolic acidosis

Description : Plasma bicarbonate is increased in (A) Respiratory alkalosis (B) Metabolic alkalosis (C) Respiratory acidosis (D) Metabolic acidosis

Last Answer : Answer : B

Plasma bicarbonate is decreased in (A) Respiratory alkalosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Metabolic acidosis

Description : Plasma bicarbonate is decreased in (A) Respiratory alkalosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Metabolic acidosis

Last Answer : Answer : D

Ammonia is excreted as ammonium salts during metabolic acidosis but the majority is excreted as (A) Phosphates (B) Creatine (C) Uric acid (D) Urea

Description : Ammonia is excreted as ammonium salts during metabolic acidosis but the majority is excreted as (A) Phosphates (B) Creatine (C) Uric acid (D) Urea

Last Answer : Answer : D

Which of the following complications of TPN are appropriately managed with the listed treatment? a. Air embolism—place patient in reverse Trendelenburg and the left lateral decubitus position and aspirate venous air b. Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis—give sodium and potassium as acetate salts c. Carbon dioxide retention—decrease glucose calories and replace with fat d. Line sepsis—intravenous antibiotics

Description : Which of the following complications of TPN are appropriately managed with the listed treatment? a. Air embolism-place patient in reverse Trendelenburg and the left lateral decubitus position ... dioxide retention-decrease glucose calories and replace with fat d. Line sepsis-intravenous antibiotics

Last Answer : Answer: b, c A number of complications of TPN can occur which can be divided into three types: mechanical, metabolic, and infectious

Metabolic effects that generally attend antiinflammatory doses of aspirin include the following except: A. Increased CO2 production B. Hepatic glycogen depletion C. Metabolic acidosis D. Compensated respiratory alkalosis

Description : Metabolic effects that generally attend antiinflammatory doses of aspirin include the following except: A. Increased CO2 production B. Hepatic glycogen depletion C. Metabolic acidosis D. Compensated respiratory alkalosis

Last Answer : C. Metabolic acidosis

Which of the following statements about respiratory acidosis are true? A. Compensation occurs by a shift of chloride out of the red blood cells. B. Renal compensation occurs rapidly. C. Retention of bicarbonate and increased ammonia formation are normal compensatory mechanisms. D. Narcotic administration is an unusual cause of respiratory acidosis. E. The ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid is less than 20:1.

Description : Which of the following statements about respiratory acidosis are true? A. Compensation occurs by a shift of chloride out of the red blood cells. B. Renal compensation occurs rapidly. C. Retention of ... of respiratory acidosis. E. The ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid is less than 20:1.

Last Answer : Answer: CE DISCUSSION: Renal compensation for acute hypoventilation is relatively slow. Depression of the respiratory center by morphine can lead to respiratory acidosis. Renal retention of bicarbonate, ... into red cells combine to increase the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid to 20:1

All the following statements about renal tubular acidosis are correct except (A) Renal tubules may be unable to reabsorb bicarbonate (B) Renal tubules may be unable to secrete hydrogen ions (C) Plasma chloride is elevated (D) Anion gap is decreased

Description : All the following statements about renal tubular acidosis are correct except (A) Renal tubules may be unable to reabsorb bicarbonate (B) Renal tubules may be unable to secrete hydrogen ions (C) Plasma chloride is elevated (D) Anion gap is decreased

Last Answer : Answer : D

Respiratory acidosis occurs in (A) Any disease which impairs respiration like emphysema (B) Renal disease (C) Poisoning by an acid (D) Pyloric stenosis

Description : Respiratory acidosis occurs in (A) Any disease which impairs respiration like emphysema (B) Renal disease (C) Poisoning by an acid (D) Pyloric stenosis

Last Answer : Answer : A

Which of the following may be responsible for a hypokalaemic hypertension 1) Non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia 2) Barter's syndrome 3) Diabetic nephropathy 4) Liddle's syndrome 5) Type IV renal tubular acidosis

Description : Which of the following may be responsible for a hypokalaemic hypertension 1) Non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia 2) Barter's syndrome 3) Diabetic nephropathy 4) Liddle's syndrome 5) Type IV renal tubular acidosis

Last Answer : Answers-4 Liddle's syndrome is typically asscoiated with hypokalaemic hypertension and low renin and aldosterone concentrations - the so called pseudo-hyperaldosteronism. Barter's syndrome is associated ... , which may also be produced with diabetic nephropathy. Hence hyperkalaemia is more typical.

Which of the following concerning the pH of urine is correct? 1) is a useful indicator of the acid/base balance of the blood 2) rises on a vegetarian diet 3) is determined by the concentration of ammonium 4) is lower than 5.5 in renal tubular acidosis 5) would be above 7.0 after prolonged and severe vomiting

Description : Which of the following concerning the pH of urine is correct? 1) is a useful indicator of the acid/base balance of the blood 2) rises on a vegetarian diet 3) is determined by the concentration of ... lower than 5.5 in renal tubular acidosis 5) would be above 7.0 after prolonged and severe vomiting

Last Answer : Answers-2 c - excretion of ammonium occurs when an acid urine is produced but the pH of urine is of course determined by the concentration of H+ ions d-unable to lower the pH to ... and distal nephron and this perpetuates the metabolic alkalosis until the fluid balance is restored with IV fluids.

Which of the following is true concerning a 68 year old male with type 2 diabetes diagnosed with type IV renal tubal acidosis? 1) Aminoaciduria would be expected. 2) Fludrocortisone treatment is effective 3) Increased Glomerular filtration rate is expected. 4) Increased urinary bicarbonate would be expected. 5) Normal renal handling of K+ and H+

Description : Which of the following is true concerning a 68 year old male with type 2 diabetes diagnosed with type IV renal tubal acidosis? 1) Aminoaciduria would be expected. 2) Fludrocortisone treatment is effective ... 4) Increased urinary bicarbonate would be expected. 5) Normal renal handling of K+ and H+

Last Answer : Answers-2 H+ secretion, sodium reabsorption and ammonia production diminishes. RTA 4 is in effect hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism or failure of aldosterone action and thus helped treated with ... particularly. Aminoaciduria and increased urine bicarbonate are features of RTA types 1 and 2.

Select the diuretic which is orally active, efficacious in acidosis as well as alkalosis, causes diuresis even in renal failure and has additional carbonic anhydrase inhibitory action: A. Mannitol B. Benzthiazide C. Indapamide D. Furosemide

Description : Select the diuretic which is orally active, efficacious in acidosis as well as alkalosis, causes diuresis even in renal failure and has additional carbonic anhydrase inhibitory action: A. Mannitol B. Benzthiazide C. Indapamide D. Furosemide

Last Answer : D. Furosemide

Secretion of mineralcorticoids is increased by (A) ACTH (B) Angiotensin (C) Hypokalaemia (D) Hypernatraemia

Description : Secretion of mineralcorticoids is increased by (A) ACTH (B) Angiotensin (C) Hypokalaemia (D) Hypernatraemia

Last Answer : Answer : B

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of acute intermittent porphyria? 1) autosomal recessive inheritance 2) excessive faecal protoporphyrin excretion 3) excessive urinary porphobilinigoen between acute attacks 4) hypernatraemia during attacks 5) photosensitivity

Description : Which of the following is a characteristic feature of acute intermittent porphyria? 1) autosomal recessive inheritance 2) excessive faecal protoporphyrin excretion 3) excessive urinary porphobilinigoen between acute attacks 4) hypernatraemia during attacks 5) photosensitivity

Last Answer : Answers-3 Features of acute intermittent porphyria include urinary porphobilinogen excretion raised between attacks, hyponatraemia during an acute attack and autosomal dominant inheritance.

The following are true about potassium: a. hypokalaemia decreases the time of cardiac repolarization b. hyperkalaemia decreases cardiac contraction c. hyperkalaemia relaxes vascular smooth muscle d. all

Description : The following are true about potassium: a. hypokalaemia decreases the time of cardiac repolarization b. hyperkalaemia decreases cardiac contraction c. hyperkalaemia relaxes vascular smooth muscle d. all

Last Answer : all

Which of the following would you classify as a pharmacodynamics interaction? a) ACE inhibitors with potassium-sparing diuretics cause life-threatening hyperkalaemia b) Antacids reduce the absorption of fluoroquinolones c) Increased bleeding due to cimetidine and warfarin d) Probenecid increases half-life of penicillin

Description : Which of the following would you classify as a pharmacodynamics interaction? a) ACE inhibitors with potassium-sparing diuretics cause life-threatening hyperkalaemia b) Antacids reduce the absorption ... Increased bleeding due to cimetidine and warfarin d) Probenecid increases half-life of penicillin

Last Answer : a) ACE inhibitors with potassium-sparing diuretics cause life-threatening hyperkalaemia

Metabolic alkalosis can occur in (A) Severe diarrhoea (B) Renal failure (C) Recurrent vomiting (D) Excessive use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Description : Metabolic alkalosis can occur in (A) Severe diarrhoea (B) Renal failure (C) Recurrent vomiting (D) Excessive use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Last Answer : Answer : C

Hypercalcaemia can occur in all the following except (A) Hyperparathyroidism (B) Hypervitaminosis D (C) Milk alkali syndrome (D) Nephrotic syndrome

Description : Hypercalcaemia can occur in all the following except (A) Hyperparathyroidism (B) Hypervitaminosis D (C) Milk alkali syndrome (D) Nephrotic syndrome

Last Answer : Answer : D

Tetany can occur in (A) Hypocalcaemia (B) Hypercalcaemia (C) Alkalosis (D) Hypocalcaemia and alkalosis

Description : Tetany can occur in (A) Hypocalcaemia (B) Hypercalcaemia (C) Alkalosis (D) Hypocalcaemia and alkalosis

Last Answer : Answer : D

Calcitonin: a. is a steroid hormone b. is produced by the parafollicular cells within the thyroid glands c. is increased in the presence of hypercalcaemia d. inhibits osteoclast activit

Description : Calcitonin: a. is a steroid hormone b. is produced by the parafollicular cells within the thyroid glands c. is increased in the presence of hypercalcaemia d. inhibits osteoclast activit

Last Answer : inhibits osteoclast activit

Respiratory acidosis is caused by (A) Increase in carbonic acid relative to bicarbonate (B) Decrease in bicarbonate fraction (C) Increase in bicarbonate fraction (E) Decrease in the carbonic acid fraction

Description : Respiratory acidosis is caused by (A) Increase in carbonic acid relative to bicarbonate (B) Decrease in bicarbonate fraction (C) Increase in bicarbonate fraction (E) Decrease in the carbonic acid fraction

Last Answer : Answer : A

In patients receiving massive blood transfusion for acute blood loss, which of the following is/are correct? A. Packed red blood cells and crystalloid solution should be infused to restore oxygen-carrying capacity and intravascular volume. B. Two units of FFP should be given with every 5 units of packed red blood cells in most cases. C. A “six pack” of platelets should be administered with every 10 units of packed red blood cells in most cases. D. One to two ampules of sodium bicarbonate should be administered with every 5 units of packed red blood cells to avoid acidosis. E. One ampule of calcium chloride should be administered with every 5 units of packed red blood cells to avoid hypocalcemia.

Description : In patients receiving massive blood transfusion for acute blood loss, which of the following is/are correct? A. Packed red blood cells and crystalloid solution should be infused to restore oxygen ... should be administered with every 5 units of packed red blood cells to avoid hypocalcemia.

Last Answer : Answer: A DISCUSSION: Patients who are suffering from acute blood loss require crystalloid resuscitation as the initial maneuver to restore intravascular volume and re-establish vital signs. If 2 to 3 liters ... when the infusion of blood proceeds at a rate exceeding 1 to 2 units every 5 minutes

Which of the following may precipitate an asthma attack? (a) Respiratory acidosis (b) Viran and bacterial infections (c) Respiratory alkalosis (d) Cranberry jiuce (e) Chocolate or Coca Cola

Description : Which of the following may precipitate an asthma attack? (a) Respiratory acidosis (b) Viran and bacterial infections (c) Respiratory alkalosis (d) Cranberry jiuce (e) Chocolate or Coca Cola

Last Answer : Ans: B

A 54-year-old woman with severe hypercholesterolemia is to be treated with a combination of niacin and atorvastatin. With this drug combination, it is important that the patient be monitored closely for signs of (a) Agranulocytosis (b) Gallstones (c) Lactic acidosis (d) Myopathy (e) Thyrotoxicosis

Description : A 54-year-old woman with severe hypercholesterolemia is to be treated with a combination of niacin and atorvastatin. With this drug combination, it is important that the patient be monitored closely for signs of (a) Agranulocytosis (b) Gallstones (c) Lactic acidosis (d) Myopathy (e) Thyrotoxicosis

Last Answer : Ans: D

Acidosis?

Description : Acidosis?

Last Answer : DefinitionAcidosis is a condition in which there is excessive acid in the body fluids. It is the opposite of alkalosis (a condition in which there is excessive base in the body ... effective breathing. Other names for respiratory acidosis are hypercapnic acidosis and carbon dioxide acidosis. Causes

Lactic acidosis?

Description : Lactic acidosis?

Last Answer : DefinitionLactic acidosis is when lactic acid builds ups in the blood stream faster than it can be removed. Lactic acid is produced when oxygen levels in the body drop.Causes, ... correcting the underlying medical problem that causes the condition.ReferencesOh MS. Evaluation of renal function,

Respiratory acidosis?

Description : Respiratory acidosis?

Last Answer : DefinitionRespiratory acidosis is a condition that occurs when the lungs cannot remove all of the carbon dioxide the body produces. This disrupts the body's acid-base balance causing body ... deflateDrugs that suppress breathing (including powerful pain medicines, such as narcotics, and "downers,

Blood chemistry shows the following changes in compensated respiratory acidosis: (A) Increased pCO2 (B) Increased bicarbonate (C) Decreased chloride (D) All of these

Description : Blood chemistry shows the following changes in compensated respiratory acidosis: (A) Increased pCO2 (B) Increased bicarbonate (C) Decreased chloride (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : D

All the following features are found in blood chemistry in uncompensated lactic acidosis except (A) pH is decreased (B) Bicarbonate is decreased (C) pCO2 is normal (D) Anion gap is normal

Description : All the following features are found in blood chemistry in uncompensated lactic acidosis except (A) pH is decreased (B) Bicarbonate is decreased (C) pCO2 is normal (D) Anion gap is normal

Last Answer : Answer : D

The initial event in respiratory acidosis is (A) Decrease in pH (B) Increase in pCO2 (C) Increase in plasma bicarbonate (D) Decrease in plasma bicarbonate

Description : The initial event in respiratory acidosis is (A) Decrease in pH (B) Increase in pCO2 (C) Increase in plasma bicarbonate (D) Decrease in plasma bicarbonate

Last Answer : Answer : B