Coronary artery fistula?

Coronary artery fistula?
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DefinitionCoronary artery fistula is an abnormal connection between one of the coronary arteries and a heart chamber or another blood vessel. The coronary arteries are blood vessels that bring oxygen-rich blood to the heart.Fistula means abnormal connection.Causes, incidence, and risk factorsA coronary artery fistula is often congenital, meaning that it is present at birth. It generally occurs when one of the coronary arteries fails to form properly, usually when the baby is developing in the womb. The coronary artery abnormally attaches to one of the chambers of the heart (the atrium or ventricle) or another blood vessel (for example, the pulmonary artery).A coronary artery fistula can also develop after birth. It may be caused by:An infection that weakens the wall of the coronary artery
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Last Answer : An anal abscess is an infected cavity filled with pus found near the anus or rectum. Ninety percent of abscesses are the result of an acute infection in the internal glands of the anus. Occasionally, ... the tissue around the anus or rectum, where it may then collect in a cavity called an abscess.

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Description : Fistula?

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Description : Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula?

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Tracheoesophageal fistula repair - series?

Description : Tracheoesophageal fistula repair - series?

Last Answer : Normal anatomyThe trachea and esophagus run next to each other through the chest cavity. The esophagus connects to the stomach, and carries food and saliva to the stomach. The trachea connects to the lungs and ... California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

A 47-year-old patient undergoing a complicated laparotomy for bowel obstruction develops a postoperative enterocutaneous fistula. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning parenteral nutritional support in the postoperative period? a. Oral intake can result in severe dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, and perifistula skin injury b. Total parenteral nutrition increases the spontaneous closure rate of intestinal fistula c. Total parenteral nutrition decreases mortality rate in patients with intestinal fistulas d. The use of TPN better prepares the patient for surgery if surgical intervention proves necessary

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Which of the following is true of loss of gastrointestinal secretions? A. Gastric losses are best replaced with a balanced salt solution. B. Potassium supplementation is unnecessary in replacement of gastric secretions. C. Bicarbonate wasting is an unusual complication of a high-volume pancreatic fistula. D. Balanced salt solution is a reasonable replacement fluid for a small bowel fistula. E. A patient with persistent vomiting usually requires hyperchloremic replacement fluids.

Description : Which of the following is true of loss of gastrointestinal secretions? A. Gastric losses are best replaced with a balanced salt solution. B. Potassium supplementation is unnecessary in ... bowel fistula. E. A patient with persistent vomiting usually requires hyperchloremic replacement fluids.

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An opening between the bladder and the vagina is called a a) vesicovaginal fistula. A vesicovaginal fistula may occur because of tissue injury sustained during surgery, vaginal delivery, or a disease process.

Description : An opening between the bladder and the vagina is called a a) vesicovaginal fistula. A vesicovaginal fistula may occur because of tissue injury sustained during surgery, vaginal delivery, or a disease ... d) rectovaginal fistula. A rectovaginal fistula is an opening between the rectum and the vagina.

Last Answer : a) vesicovaginal fistula. A vesicovaginal fistula may occur because of tissue injury sustained during surgery, vaginal delivery, or a disease process.

A longitudinal tear or ulceration in the lining of the anal canal is termed a (an) a) anal fissure. Fissures are usually caused by the trauma of passing a large, firm stool or from persistent tightening of the anal canal secondary to stress or anxiety (leading to constipation). b) anorectal abscess. An anorectal abscess is an infection in the pararectal spaces. c) anal fistula. An anal fistula is a tiny, tubular, fibrous tract that extends into the anal canal from an opening located beside the anus. d) hemorrhoid. A hemorrhoid is a dilated portion of vein in the anal canal.

Description : A longitudinal tear or ulceration in the lining of the anal canal is termed a (an) a) anal fissure. Fissures are usually caused by the trauma of passing a large, firm stool or from persistent ... beside the anus. d) hemorrhoid. A hemorrhoid is a dilated portion of vein in the anal canal.

Last Answer : a) anal fissure. Fissures are usually caused by the trauma of passing a large, firm stool or from persistent tightening of the anal canal secondary to stress or anxiety (leading to constipation).

A persistent oroantral fistula for a 12 weeks period following the extraction of a maxillary first permanent molar is best treated by, a. Further review and reassurance since it will most probably heal spontaneously. b.Antibiotic therapy and nasal decongestants. c. Curettage and dressing of the defect. d. Excision of the fistula and surgical closure. e. Maxillary antral wash out and nasal antrostomy.

Description : A persistent oroantral fistula for a 12 weeks period following the extraction of a maxillary first permanent molar is best treated by, a. Further review and reassurance since it will most ... Excision of the fistula and surgical closure. e. Maxillary antral wash out and nasal antrostomy.

Last Answer : d. Excision of the fistula and surgical closure.

What is your management with a chronic oral antral fistula for some time after the extraction of maxillary first molar: A. Surgical closure B. Anti-biotic and nasal decongestant C. Wash the antrum D. All of the above

Description : What is your management with a chronic oral antral fistula for some time after the extraction of maxillary first molar: A. Surgical closure B. Anti-biotic and nasal decongestant C. Wash the antrum D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

A persistent oroantral fistula for a 12 weeks period following the extraction of a maxillary first permanent molar is best treated by,** A. Further review and reassurance since it will most probably heal spontaneously B. Antibiotic therapy and nasal decongestants C. Curettage and dressing of the defect D. Excision of the fistula and surgical closure E. Maxillary antral wash out and nasal antrostomy.

Description : A persistent oroantral fistula for a 12 weeks period following the extraction of a maxillary first permanent molar is best treated by,** A. Further review and reassurance since it will most ... . Excision of the fistula and surgical closure E. Maxillary antral wash out and nasal antrostomy.

Last Answer : D. Excision of the fistula and surgical closure

The most common cause of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) in under developed countries would be: a) Obstetrical injuries. b) Pelvic irradiation. c) Carcinoma . d) Haemorrhoidectomy. e) Operative injury.

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Last Answer : a) Obstetrical injuries.

A 40 years old multiparous woman complains of involuntary loss of urine associated with coughing, laughing, lifting or standing. The history is most suggestive of: a) Fistula. b) Stress incontinence. c) Urge incontinence. d) Urethral diverticulum. e) Urinary tract infection.

Description : A 40 years old multiparous woman complains of involuntary loss of urine associated with coughing, laughing, lifting or standing. The history is most suggestive of: a) Fistula. b) Stress incontinence. c) Urge incontinence. d) Urethral diverticulum. e) Urinary tract infection.

Last Answer : b) Stress incontinence.

The most common cause of rectovaginal fistula is: a) Obstetrical. b) Irradiation of the pelvis. c) Carcinoma. d) Crohn’s disease. e) Endometriosis.

Description : The most common cause of rectovaginal fistula is: a) Obstetrical. b) Irradiation of the pelvis. c) Carcinoma. d) Crohn’s disease. e) Endometriosis.

Last Answer : a) Obstetrical.

Which type of blood group has the highest risk of coronary heart disease ?

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Assertion `:` Myocardial infarction oftern results from a sudden decrease in coronary blood supply resulting in decreased oxygen supply. Reason `:` Th

Description : Assertion `:` Myocardial infarction oftern results from a sudden decrease in coronary blood supply resulting in decreased oxygen supply. Reason `:` Th

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