In most cases, people who receive benefits from disability insurance will not be required to owe any taxes on that money. However, there are some cases when people with certain income levels will be required to pay taxes on disability insurance income. If a person has disability income and earns a salary that is greater than $25,000 and less than $34,000, then he or she will have to pay taxes on 85% of all disability income received in the past year. If a person earns more than $34,000, then he or she will have to pay taxes on a greater portion of the disability income.