An artificial heart is a device implanted into the chest in place of a natural heart. Artificial hearts are utilized when transplantation of a natural heart is not possible. Artificial hearts are used to sustain life between failure of a patient's heart and the time when a donor heart becomes available. The first artificial heart was the Jarvick 7, designed by Dr. Robert Jarvik in 1982. Artificial hearts should not be confused with cardiopulmonary bypass machines, or heart-lung machines. Cardiopulmonary bypass machines are used for only short periods during surgery.