Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the cell plasma membrane? a. The plasma membrane is composed of amphipathic molecules b. The hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer of the ... contribute to the cell coat d. The membrane proteins of nerve cells are highly voltage-dependent
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d The plasma membrane defines the boundary of the cell and serves to contain and concentrate enzymes and other macromolecule constituents. The plasma membrane is ... and bear carbohydrate moieties primarily as oligosaccharide chains that contribute to the cell coat or glycocalyx
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning ischemia reperfusion injury? a. During ischemia, ATP degradation results in increased plasma and intracellular levels of ... immunization with antibodies to neutrophil adhesive complex lessen the ischemic/reperfusion microvascular injury
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d During the ischemia and hypoperfusion phase, degradation of ATP stores essential to maintain cell integrity and significant loss of diffusible ... either the neutrophil adhesive complex or the endothelial selectins dramatically lessens ischemia/reperfusion microvascular injury
Description : A striking feature of living cells is a marked difference between the composition of the cytosol and the extracellular milieu. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the mechanisms of maintenance ... d. The selectivity of cell membranes relates only to ions and not organic compounds
Last Answer : Answer: a The survival of the cell requires that cytosolic composition be maintained within narrow limits, despite the constant influx of nutrients and the simultaneous outflow of waste. A ... be altered drastically as a result of regulatory or signaling processes that occur within the cell
Description : Infectious disease transmission during blood transfusions is of clinical significance to surgeons and of major importance to patients contemplating surgery potentially associated with the need for ... transmission in blood transfusions is significantly less than the risk of hepatitis transmission
Last Answer : Answer: c, d The most common infectious diseases transmitted during blood transfusions include viral hepatitis, CMV, and HIV infection. Post-transfusion hepatitis in 90% of cases consists of ... infectious disease transmission, the risks of HIV transmission is markedly less than that of hepatitis
Description : True statements about the aqueous humour: a. has a higher lactic acid concentration than in the plasma b. the glucose levels is lower than that of the plasma levels c. the ascorbic acid ... same concentration of protein as in the plasma e. the rate of formation is about 2.5ul/minute
Last Answer : has a higher lactic acid concentration than in the plasma
Description : What percentage of blood contains plasma ?
Last Answer : About 55% is plasma.
Description : Human blood contains _____________ percentage of plasma. (a) 35% (b) 40% (c) 50% (d) 65%
Last Answer : Ans:(d)
Description : Tests of coagulation are used to monitor anticoagulation treatment and detect intrinsic abnormalities in coagulation. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning ... is used to monitor heparin levels intraoperatively during cardiovascular and peripheral vascular operations
Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d Coagulation tests include prothrombin time (PT), which measures the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of fibrinogen production and is the most common method for ... more while for peripheral vascular applications, values of 250 seconds or greater are considered appropriate
Description : Which of the following statements about extracellular fluid are true? A. The total extracellular fluid volume represents 40% of the body weight. B. The plasma volume constitutes one fourth ... the interstitial fluid. E. The interstitial fluid equilibrates slowly with the other body compartments.
Last Answer : Answer: B DISCUSSION: The total extracellular fluid volume represents 20% of body weight. The plasma volume is approximately 5% of body weight. Sodium is the principal cation. The ... fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, the majority of the interstitial fluid exists as a rapidly equilibrating component
Description : The percentage of Plasma in the total blood volume in human beings is about : (1) 45 (2) 50 (3) 55 (4) 60
Last Answer : (3) 55 Explanation: Blood plasma is a yellowish colored liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood. It makes up about 55% of the body's total blood volume.
Description : As a plasma expander, dextran has the following advantages except: A. It exerts oncotic pressure similar to plasma proteins B. It keeps plasma volume expanded for about 24 hours C. It is nonpyrogenic D. It does not interfere with grouping and cross matching of blood
Last Answer : D. It does not interfere with grouping and cross matching of blood
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the proliferative phase of wound healing? a. The macrophage is the predominant cell type b. The pink or purple-red appearance of a wound ... amino acids, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine d. The predominant collagen type in a scar is type 3
Last Answer : Answer: b, c The proliferative phase of wound healing begins with the formation of a provisional matrix of fibrin and fibronectin as part of the initial clot formation. Initially, the provisional ... The principal collagen type scar is type 1, with lesser amounts of type 3 collagen also present
Description : What piece of equipment would most likely be used to separate the red blood cells from blood plasma?
Last Answer : Need answer
Description : What are plasma red blood cells white blood cells and platelets?
Last Answer : parts of the blood
Description : Upon the entry of carbon dioxide in the red blood cells, H+ionsare formed at a very rapid rate, and yet the blood does not turn acid because (a) H+ ions are rapidly exchanged at the ... haemoglobin and plasma (d) H+ ions are buffered by proteins of haemoglobin and proteins and phosphates of plasma
Last Answer : Ans:(c)
Description : Sickle-cell anemia is a disease caused due to the abnormality in – (1) white blood cells (2) red blood cells (3) thrombocytes (4) blood plasma composition
Last Answer : (2) red blood cells Explanation: Sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease) is a disorder of the blood caused by an inherited abnormal hemoglobin (the oxygencarrying protein within the red blood cells).
Description : Haemoglobin is an important constituent of – (1) Red blood cells (2) White blood cells (3) Platelets (4) Plasma
Last Answer : (1) Red blood cells Explanation: Hemoglobin is the ironcontaining oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates. Hemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from the respiratory ... carbon dioxide to bring it back to the respiratory organs to be dispensed from the organism.
Description : Leukaemia or blood cancer is characterised by abnormal increase of the – (1) Red blood cells (2) White blood cells (3) Blood platelets (4) Blood plasma
Last Answer : (2) White blood cells Explanation: Leukemia is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells called "blasts". Damage to ... petechiae). White blood cells, which are involved in fighting pathogens, may be suppressed or dysfunctional.
Description : . MHC class I proteins would be found on___________ whereas MHC class II proteins would be found on_____________ a. Nucleated Cells; Plasma Cells b. Nucleated Cells; Macrophages c. Dendritic Cells; Neutrophils d. Only White Blood Cells; Red Blood Cells
Last Answer : b. Nucleated Cells; Macrophages
Description : White blood cells are called: a) lymphocytes b) leucocytes c) plasma
Last Answer : ANSWER: B -- LEUCOCYTES
Description : Haemoglobin is an important constituent of (1) Red blood cells (2) White blood cells (3) Platelets (4) Plasma
Last Answer : Red blood cells
Description : Leukaemia or blood cancer is characterised by abnormal in crease of the – (1) Red blood cells (2) White blood cells (3) Blood platelets (4) Blood plasma
Last Answer : White blood cells
Description : Which of the following statements are true of a patient with hyperglycemia and hyponatremia? A. The sodium concentration must be corrected by 5 mEq. per 100 mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood ... . E. Early in treatment adequate urine output is a reliable measure of adequate volume resuscitation.
Last Answer : Answer: D DISCUSSION: Each 100-mg. per 100 ml. elevation in blood glucose causes a fall in serum sodium concentration of approximately 2 mEq. per liter. Excess serum glucose ... correction of the patient's associated acidosis produce movement of potassium ions into the intracellular compartment
Description : The following are true about micro-circulation: a. arterioles have no muscle b. capillaries have walls made up of a single layer of cells c. capillaries have no innervation d. the capillaries contain 5% of the total blood volume at any one time
Last Answer : he capillaries contain 5% of the total blood volume at any one time
Description : All the following statements about hormones are true except (A) All of them require specific carriers in plasma (B) All of them require specific receptors in target cells (C) Some of them are subject to feedback regulation (D) Some of them increase the transcription of certain genes
Last Answer : Answer : A
Description : Each of the following regarding plasma cells is true EXCEPT: C A. The nuclei display prominent peripheral chromatin B. They are derived from B lymphocytes C. They contain prominent absorptive vacuoles D. None of these
Last Answer : They contain prominent absorptive vacuoles
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning septic shock? a. The clinical picture of gram negative septic shock is specifically different than shock associated with ... mechanisms of intrinsic expansion of the circulating blood volume, exogenous volume resuscitation is necessary
Last Answer : Answer: d The clinical findings in sepsis and septic shock represent the host response to infection. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, viruses, fungi, rickettsiae, and ... intravascular volume, exogenous volume resuscitation must be provided to restore venous return and ventricular filling
Description : Fibrinolytic therapy is based on activation of plasminogen, the inactive proteolytic enzyme of plasma that binds to fibrin during the formation of thrombosis. Activation of plasminogen to plasmin results ... TPA all exceed 30 minutes d. Streptokinase is significantly cheaper than urokinase or TPA
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d Streptokinase is a bacterial protein produced by group C b-hemolytic streptococci. It is therefore antigenic in humans and can be associated with allergic reaction in ... one agent over the other. Streptokinase however, is markedly less expensive than either urokinase or TPA
Description : The following statement is not correct for uremic patients: A. Attainment of steady-state plasma concentration of drugs eliminated through the kidney is hastened B. Pethidine can cause seizures C. Diazepam produces exaggerated CNS depression D. Tetracyclines further raise blood urea level
Last Answer : A. Attainment of steady-state plasma concentration of drugs eliminated through the kidney is hastened
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the relationship between cardiac function and effective blood volume? a. A pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 5-10 rules out ... sole purpose of a pulmonary artery catheter is to measure pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output
Last Answer : Answer: b, c Although physical findings are often adequate to establish a diagnosis and institute management of cardiac failure, direct measurement of filling pressures of the right heart ( ... blood volume is normal, filling pressures are normal, and total body extracellular fluid is excessive
Description : The _____ cell contains on its surface a CD4 receptor site that enhances binding to the macrophage. a. Helper T b. molecular patterns (PAMPs) c. plasma d. B
Last Answer : a. IgG
Description : A drop of blood contains (a) about 10,000 cells (b) about 1,00,000 cells (c) several million cells (d) less than 25,000 cells
Description : A liquid mixture contains 30% o-xylene, 60% p-xylene and 10%. mxylene (all percentages in w/w). Which of the following statements would be true in respect of this mixture? (A) The mixture exhibits ... : o-xylene 30, p-xylene 60 and m-xyoene 10 (D) The mixture contain optical isomers
Last Answer : (A) The mixture exhibits an azeotrope at 101.3 kPa
Description : Antithrombin III deficiency is a commonly observed hypercoaguable state. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning this condition? a. A patient with this deficiency usually ... involves acutely the administration of fresh frozen plasma followed by long-term treatment with Coumadin
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d Antithrombin III deficiency accounts for about 2% of venous thrombotic event. This deficiency has been described in patients with pulmonary embolism, mesenteric venous ... is established, fresh frozen plasma should be administered followed by long-term treatment with Coumadin
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the clinical management of an open wound? a. A wet-to-dry dressing is the most optimal form of wound management ... wound facilitates healing d. Irrigation of the wound disrupts epithelialization therefore inhibiting the healing process
Last Answer : Answer: b Epithelialization is more rapid under moist conditions than dry conditions. Without dressings, a superficial wound, or one with minimal devitalized tissue forms a scab or ... dysfunction, increases the distance for diffusion from oxygen and nutrient sources to their metabolic targets
Description : Fatty acids are a major energy source for the body. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the use of fatty acids as an energy source? a. Fatty acids are stored in ... 25% of total nonprotein caloric needs supplied via total parenteral nutrition should be in the form of fat
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d In most tissues, fatty acids are readily oxidized for energy. They are especially important energy sources for the heart, liver and skeletal muscle. In ... administered to patients receiving total parenteral nutrition should comprise about 5-30% of total nonprotein caloric needs
Description : There are two properties of the cell necessary to maintain nonequilibrium cellular composition; the first is selectivity and the second is energy conversion. Which of the following statement(s ... transported via secondary active transport include hydrogen ions, calcium, amino acids and glucose
Last Answer : Answer: c, d The selectivity of the plasma membrane, although impressive, cannot account for the nonequilibrium composition of living cells. A cell can be maintained in a nonequilibrium state only by ... to drive the transport of a second species such as protons, calcium, amino acids, or glucose
Description : Cell regulation can be thought of as the effector side of cell communication. Most commonly cell regulation occurs by means of extracellular chemical messengers. Which of the following statement(s ... d. Most hormones, local mediators, and neurotransmitters readily cross the cell plasma membrane
Last Answer : Answer: b, c Depending on how the extracellular messenger arrives, cell regulation can be classified as paracrine, endocrine, or neurocrine. In paracrine regulation, a chemical messenger ... , local mediators, and neurotransmitters are water-soluble and cannot readily cross the plasma membrane
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning cellular ion channels? a. Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that form pores that can conduct ions across the plasma membrane b. ... undergo conformational changes between open states and closed states d. Ion channels can be blocked
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that form pores that can conduct ions across the plasma membrane. Ion channels are formed by membrane-spanning peptides that are arranged ... be blocked by ions or organic compounds that enter the channel, bind there, and occlude the pore
Description : The transport of proteins out of the cell is termed exocytosis. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning this process? a. Secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane b. ... or a neurotransmitter d. A decrease in cytoplasmic calcium occurs as part of the secretion process
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c Transport vesicles that bud off the Golgi network carry both material to be secreted from the cell and protein destined to become components of the plasma ... but may also involve generation of diacylglycerol or production of cyclic AMP which activate kinases or phosphatases
Description : The following statement is not true of carbamazepine: A. It generates an active metabolite B. Its plasma half life decreases to nearly half of the original value after chronic use C. It is being used in mania D. It is not effective in complex partial seizures
Last Answer : D. It is not effective in complex partial seizures
Description : Which of the following statements is true for lymph? (a) WBC + serum (b) Blood – RBCs and some proteins (c) RBCs + WBCs + plasma (d) RBCs + proteins + platelets
Last Answer : (b) Blood – RBCs and some proteins
Description : What is true about RBCs in humans? (a) They carry about 20-25 percent of CO2. (b) They transport 99.5 percent of O2. (c) They transport about 80 percent oxygen only and the rest 20 percent of it is transported in dissolved state in blood plasma. (d) They do not carry CO2 at all.
Last Answer : (a) They carry about 20-25 percent of CO2.
Description : The following is true of heparin except: A. Sudden stoppage of continuous heparin therapy causes rebound increase in blood coagulability B. High doses of heparin inhibit platelet aggregation ... active circulating anticoagulant D. Heparin clears lipemic plasma in vivo but not in vitro
Last Answer : C. Heparin is the physiologically active circulating anticoagulant
Description : The transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is indicated for which of the following reasons? A. Volume replacement. B. As a nutritional supplement. C. Specific coagulation factor deficiency ... the correction of abnormal PT secondary to warfarin therapy, vitamin K deficiency, or liver disease.
Last Answer : Answer: CD DISCUSSION: The use of FFP as a volume expander is not indicated. There are currently several preparations (both crystalloid and colloid) that are equally effective and do not carry the infectious and ... vitamin K-dependent factors II, VII, IX, and X, as well as protein C and protein S
Description : Deuterium oxide and inulin are injected into a normal 30-year-old man. The volume of distribution of deuterium oxide is found to be 42 L and that of inulin 14 L. a. The man's intracellular fluid ... fluid volume is about 9 L. e. The man's total body water cannot be calculated from these data
Last Answer : The man’s intracellular fluid volume is about 28 L.
Description : Which of the following colloids is expensive but rapidly expands plasma volume? a) Albumin Albumin is a colloid that requires human donors, is limited in supply, and can cause congestive heart failure ... , not a colloid. d) Hypertonic Saline Hypertonic saline is a crystalloid, not a colloid.
Last Answer : a) Albumin Albumin is a colloid that requires human donors, is limited in supply, and can cause congestive heart failure.
Description : The Volume of distribution of a drug administered at a dose of 300 mg and exhibiting 30 microgram/mL instantaneous concentration in plasma shall be (A)10 L (B) 100 L (C) 1.0 L (D) 0.10 L
Last Answer : (A)10 L
Description : The loading dose of a drug is governed by its: A. Renal clearance B. Plasma half life C. Volume of distribution D. Elimination rate constant
Last Answer : C. Volume of distribution