State the uses of following instruments in survey: i)Cross staff ii) Chain iii) Pegs iv) Arrows

State the uses of following instruments in survey: i)Cross staff ii) Chain iii) Pegs iv) Arrows
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1 Answer

Answer :

i) Cross–Staff: To set up perpendicular or right angle to given chain line OR to find foot of perpendicular from given object to a chain line.

ii) Chain: Chains are used for measuring distances.

iii) Pegs : Pegs are used for marking the positions of station points on survey lines.

iv) Arrows : They are used to mark the end of each chain during chaining. 
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Related questions

Write the uses of following survey instruments i) Ranging Rod ii) Pegs iii) Cross-staff iv) Plumb bob

Description : Write the uses of following survey instruments i) Ranging Rod ii) Pegs iii) Cross-staff iv) Plumb bob

Last Answer : i) Ranging Rod : Ranging rod are used for ranging. ii) Pegs : Pegs are used for marking the positions of stations or terminals points of survey lines. iii) Cross-staff : It is used ... It is also used for accurate centering of the surveying instruments like theodolite, compass, plane table etc. 

Defines the terms : i) Survey Station ii) Survey Line iii)Offset iv)Triangulation

Description : Defines the terms : i) Survey Station ii) Survey Line iii)Offset iv)Triangulation 

Last Answer : i) Survey Station : It is the point on ground from which various observations are taken around it. ii) Survey Line : It is the straight line joining two successive survey stations ... iv)Triangulation : The frame work consist of number of connected well conditional triangle is called Triangulation.

What are the objectives of following one each. i)Topographic Survey ii)Cadastral Survey iii)Engineering Survey iv)Mine Survey

Description : What are the objectives of following one each. i)Topographic Survey ii)Cadastral Survey iii)Engineering Survey iv)Mine Survey

Last Answer : i) Topographic Survey : To determine natural features like river, streams , lakes , hills etc and artificial features like roads , railways , canal , town and villages .  ii) Cadastral ... Mine Survey :To explore mineral deposits and to guide tunneling and other operations associated with mining. 

Describe method of measuring distances on ground using chain and arrows.

Description : Describe method of measuring distances on ground using chain and arrows.

Last Answer : Method of measuring distances on ground. 1. Mark the position of survey stations whose distance is to be measured using wooden peg. (say A and B) 2. now, ranging is done if distance ... station B. Thus total horizontal distance will be equal to addition of distances measured of each parts.

Classify survey as per instruments used.

Description : Classify survey as per instruments used.

Last Answer : Classification of Survey as per Instruments. 1) Chain Survey 2) Compass Survey 3) Plane Table Survey 4) Theodolite Survey 5) Tachometric Survey 6) Photogrammetric Survey

State the situations under which chain survey is most suitable

Description : State the situations under which chain survey is most suitable

Last Answer : Situations under which chain survey is most suitable 1) It is suitable for moderately small areas 2) When the ground is fairly level with simple details ( free from obstructions such as trees, building, poles etc ) 

What consideration would you have while selecting survey stations and survey lines in a chain survey?

Description : What consideration would you have while selecting survey stations and survey lines in a chain survey?

Last Answer : Following points to be considered while selecting survey stations and survey lines 1) Main survey station should be mutually visible. 2) All triangles should be well conditioned. 3) The survey line should lie ... of the area so as to form the frame work of triangles on it to cover maximum area. 

Enlist the factors affecting on selection of survey station or survey line in chain survey.

Description : Enlist the factors affecting on selection of survey station or survey line in chain survey.

Last Answer : Following are the factors affecting on selection of survey station for chain surveying. 1) As far as possible the survey work should be based upon the basic principle of surveying i.e. working from whole ... level ground. 9) The survey lines should run as far as possible nearer to object.

State the purposes of following methods of leveling. i)Profile leveling, ii)Fly leveling, iii)Check leveling iv)Reciprocal leveling

Description : State the purposes of following methods of leveling. i)Profile leveling, ii)Fly leveling, iii)Check leveling iv)Reciprocal leveling

Last Answer : 1. Profile leveling- To determine the undulation of ground surface along given line for alignment of road, canal or pipe, railway line 2. Fly leveling-It is used to for connecting B.M. to ... is used to find the difference in leveling between two points two point obstructed due to river or pond.

Draw sketch and write the procedure for setting offset to the left or right side of suvey line with open cross-staff.

Description : Draw sketch and write the procedure for setting offset to the left or right side of suvey line with open cross-staff.

Last Answer : Procedure for setting offset with open cross staff : 1. Keep the ranging rods at point P(fixed on survey line) and at point A1 approximately. 2. The cross staff with stadia rod is fixed ... can be fixed and perpendicular offset AB is said to be set to given survey line PQ in left side.

State the two uses of survey based on geodetic surveying

Description : State the two uses of survey based on geodetic surveying

Last Answer : Two uses of survey based on geodetic surveying:- i) To determine the precise position s on the surface of the earth. ii) Preparation of maps of large area like map of a country, state ... ) Establishment of GTS bench Marks across the country. iv) Preparation of military maps for defense purposes.

State any two uses of survey.

Description : State any two uses of survey.

Last Answer : Survey is useful for following: 1. To prepare a map or plan of the surveyed area for attaching it to legal documents. 2. To plot control points of boundries of locality 3. To determine ... . 5. To decide suitable gradient and camber of road depending on equal volume of cutting and filling.

Define the terms i) Fore Bearing, ii) Open traverse, iii) Closing error, iv) Reduced bearing

Description : Define the terms i) Fore Bearing, ii) Open traverse, iii) Closing error, iv) Reduced bearing

Last Answer : i) Fore bearing : The bearing observed in the direction of progress of survey in clockwise manner is called fore bearing  ii) Open traverse : When the first and last survey lines does ... north or south direction in clockwise or anticlockwise manner is known as reduced or quadrantal bearing. 

Write the functions of the following components of prismatic compass i) Prism, ii) Lifting pin, iii) Prism cap, iv) Agate cap

Description : Write the functions of the following components of prismatic compass i) Prism, ii) Lifting pin, iii) Prism cap, iv) Agate cap

Last Answer : i) Prism: Reading printed on horizontal face of compass ring can be read from vertical position  ii) Lifting pin: When the instrument not in use the sight vane passes against the lifting pin which lift ... piece of hard glass provided on top of pivoted point, to reduce wear and tear of the point

Write the code of signals used in ranging with respect to : i) Correct position ii) Fix the ranging rod iii) Vertical position of ranging rod iv) Move slowly to left of observer

Description : Write the code of signals used in ranging with respect to : i) Correct position ii) Fix the ranging rod iii) Vertical position of ranging rod iv) Move slowly to left of observer 

Last Answer : i) Correct position : Both hands above Head and then Brought Down ii) Fix the ranging rod : Both Arms extended forward horizontally and the hands depressed briskly iii) Vertical position of ranging rod : 1 ... and moved to the Left iv) Move slowly to left of observer : Slow sweeps with Left Hand

Draw Conventional symbol for i) Embankment ii) Pond or Lake iii) Tunnel iv) Compound Wall

Description : Draw Conventional symbol for i) Embankment ii) Pond or Lake iii) Tunnel iv) Compound Wall

Last Answer : Conventional symbol for i) Embankment ii) Pond or Lake iii) Tunnel iv) Compound Wall

Draw conventional symbol for: i. Cutting ii. Road with bridge iii. Orchard iv. river

Description : Draw conventional symbol for: i. Cutting ii. Road with bridge iii. Orchard iv. river

Last Answer : conventional symbol for: i. Cutting ii. Road with bridge iii. Orchard iv. river

Define: i) Level Line, ii) Horizontal Line, iii) Vertical Line iv) Bench Mark.

Description : Define: i) Level Line, ii) Horizontal Line, iii) Vertical Line iv) Bench Mark. 

Last Answer : j) Level Line: It is line lying in a level surface; it is therefore, normal to the plumb line at all points. ii) Horizontal Line: It is a straight line tangential to the level line at a ... RL determined with reference to the datum line. They serve as reference points for finding RL of new points. 

Define the following terms: (i) Level surface {ii) Datum line (iii) Reduced level (iv) Axis of telescope

Description : Define the following terms: (i) Level surface {ii) Datum line (iii) Reduced level (iv) Axis of telescope

Last Answer : i)Level Surface : Any surface is parallel to mean spheroidal surface of earth is said to be a level surface. The water surface of still lake is also considered to be level surface. ii) ... an imaginary line passing through the optical Centre of object glass and optical Centre of the eye piece.

Find the back bearing of the following lines having fore bearing as given below: (i) PQ = N 55° 0' E (ii) EF == 280° 0' (iii) CD = S 58° 30' W (iv) OM= 180° 0'

Description : Find the back bearing of the following lines having fore bearing as given below: (i) PQ = N 55° 0' E (ii) EF == 280° 0' (iii) CD = S 58° 30' W (iv) OM= 180° 0'

Last Answer : i) F.B OF PQ = N 55°0 ’ E  B.B Of PQ = S 55°0 ’W  ii) F.B. Of EF = 280°0 ’   B.B OF EF = F.B -180°= 280°0 ’ -180° = 100°0 ’  iii) F.B OF CD = S 58°30’W  B.B OF CD = N 58°30’ E  iv) F.B OF GH = 180°  B.B OF GH = F.B -180°=180°-180°= 0°

Enlist uses of survey.

Description : Enlist uses of survey.

Last Answer : Uses of surveys. 1. To record relative positions of various points on the surface of earth. 2. Prepare plans and maps required for various works. 3. Layout of various engineering works. 4. Compute ... . 5. To prepare a topographic map 6. To prepare military map 7. To prepare archeological map

State the classification of surveys based on i) The nature of the field of survey. ii) The object of survey.

Description : State the classification of surveys based on i) The nature of the field of survey. ii) The object of survey. 

Last Answer : i)The nature of the field of survey.  1.Land surveying.  2.Marine surveying or Hydrographic surveying.  3.Astronomical surveying.  ii) The object of survey. 1.Geological surveying. 2.Mine surveying. 3.Archaeological surveying. 4. Military surveying. 5. Engineeringsurveying.

Define the following: (i) Height of instrument (i) Back sight (iii) Fore sight (iv) Axis of bubble tube

Description : Define the following: (i) Height of instrument (i) Back sight (iii) Fore sight (iv) Axis of bubble tube

Last Answer : i. Height of instrument: It is the reduced level of line of collimation when the leveling instrument is properly leveled. It is obtained by adding the BS reading to RL of bench mark or change point on which the ... when the bubble is at the center of its run i.e. at middle point of the tube.

State the important points kept in mind while recording the staff readings in level pages with respect first reading, intermediate reading, last reading, change point, carry forward from one page to next page-Remark

Description : State the important points kept in mind while recording the staff readings in level pages with respect first reading, intermediate reading, last reading, change point, carry forward from one page to next page-Remark

Last Answer : 1) First reading is on bench mark point and should be noted in back sight(BS) column 2) Intermediate reading (IS) should be taken on the points between first and last station. 3) Last reading ... column of next page 6) Remark column should have denote First and Last RL along with change points.

The length of line measured with a chain was found to be 250m. Calculate the true length of line if i) The length was measured with 30 m chain and the chain was 10cm too long and ii) The length of chain was 30 m in the beginning and 30.10 m at the end of the work.

Description : The length of line measured with a chain was found to be 250m. Calculate the true length of line if i) The length was measured with 30 m chain and the chain was 10cm too long and ii) The length of chain was 30 m in the beginning and 30.10 m at the end of the work. 

Last Answer : Given Data: L = 30 m Measured Length = 250 m Solution: Case i) The length was measured with 30 m chain and the chain was 10cm too long L' = 30 + 0.1 = 30.1 m Correct Distance = (L'/L) x Measured Length ... = 30.05 m Correct Distance = (L'/L) x Measured Length  = (30.05/30) x 250  = 250.42 m

State four instruments used for setting offsets.

Description : State four instruments used for setting offsets.

Last Answer : i) Instruments used for setting offsets: 1)Chain 2)Tape 3) Open & French Cross Staff 4) Circular & Indian Optical Square  ii) Principle of optical square: The angle between the first incident ray and the last reflected ray is twice to that of angle between two mirrors in optical square.

State advantages of plane table survey one each with respect to booking and suitability

Description : State advantages of plane table survey one each with respect to booking and suitability

Last Answer : Booking of observations: i) Field work and plotting work done simultaneously ii) ) Notes of measurement are seldom required and possibility of mistakes in booking is eliminated. Suitability of PT ... and work where great accuracy is not required. ii) Mostly suitable for survey in plain terrain

State any four sources of errors in compass survey

Description : State any four sources of errors in compass survey 

Last Answer : Following are the sources of errors in compass survey1. Instrumental survey-  a. Needle may not be perfectly straight and might not be balanced properly over the station.  b. Graduations of the rings ... substances near the station.  b. Magnetic field may vary on account of some natural causes. 

State merits and demerits of plane table survey.

Description : State merits and demerits of plane table survey. 

Last Answer : Merits: 1) It is the most rapid method of surveying.  2)There is no need for field book as plotting is done along with the field work, so the problem of mistakes in booking field notes does not arise. ... to carry. 5) The map cannot be replotted to defferent scale as there is no field book. 

State the different point to be considered in selection of survey station for a closed traverse

Description : State the different point to be considered in selection of survey station for a closed traverse 

Last Answer : 1) Main survey stations should be inter visible. 2) The main survey lines should form well-conditioned triangles. 3) Each triangle or portion of skeleton must be provided with sufficient check lines. ... ) Survey line must be as few as possible so that the frame work can be plotted conveniently.

State the principle of plane table survey.

Description : State the principle of plane table survey. 

Last Answer : Principle of plane table survey 1. The rays drawn from different points should pass through a single point i.e. position of station point.  2. The position of table should be same as that of previous station i.e. orientation should be done at each changed station.

State two principles of survey.

Description : State two principles of survey.

Last Answer : Following are the two principles of survey. 1) To work from whole to part. 2) To locate a point at least by two independent processes.

State four advantages and four disadvantages of plane table survey

Description : State four advantages and four disadvantages of plane table survey

Last Answer : Advantages: 1. A field book is not required. 2. Errors of booking in field book avoided. 3. Errors of plotting can be readily checked. 4. Suitable in magnetic area. 5. Survey work with ... cannot be done in rainy season. 5. Difficult to re-plot as field notes are not available.

State the points to be considered while selecting survey stations.

Description : State the points to be considered while selecting survey stations.

Last Answer : Points to be considered while selecting survey stations. 1. Stations shall be inter visible. 2. Stations shall be so selected that well conditional triangles should be formed. 3. Stations shall be ... they run as close to details to be established as possible and only short offsets are needed.

State the primary classification of survey.

Description : State the primary classification of survey.

Last Answer : Primary classification of survey. 1. Geodetic survey: The survey in which curvature of earth is considered. 2. Plane survey: The survey in which earth surface is assumed as plane. 

State the suitability of plane table survey

Description : State the suitability of plane table survey

Last Answer : The plane tabling is generally suitable for surveys in which high precision is not required. It is mainly employed for small-scale or medium size mapping.

State the principle of compass survey.

Description : State the principle of compass survey. 

Last Answer : The principle of compass survey is traversing, which involves a series of connected survey lines (may be open or closed) whose lengths and bearing are measured by linear and angular measuring instruments.

What is negative staff reading?

Description : What is negative staff reading?

Last Answer : When the object is to be bisected is above line of collimation, then the staff is kept inverted for reading, such reading is entered with negative sign in the field book, which is known as negative staff reading.

Explain in detail classification of survey.

Description : Explain in detail classification of survey. 

Last Answer : A. primary classification-  1. Plane surveying: In this survey curvature of the earth is not taken in to consideration.  2. Geodetic surveying: In this survey curvature of the earth is taken ... 3. Based on nature of field:  1.Land surveying  2.Marine surveying  3.Astronomical surveying

Explain the radiation method of plane table survey with neat sketch.

Description : Explain the radiation method of plane table survey with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : This method is used when all the points to be plotted are visible from single instrument station. Steps are: 1. Select a suitable point P on the ground such that all the details are visible from it. 2. Center and ... , pc, pd, pe respectively. Join a, b, c, d, and e to give the outline.

Differentiate between plane and geodetic survey on any four points.

Description : Differentiate between plane and geodetic survey on any four points. 

Last Answer : Difference between Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveying Points Plane Surveying Geodetic Surveying Definition Plane surveying is that type of surveying in which mean surface of ... Traditional survey equipment is used Precise and modern survey equipment are required

Explain intersection method of plane survey.

Description : Explain intersection method of plane survey.

Last Answer : Intersection method of plane tabling 1. Lay out a base line AB and measure it and Plot a distance ab' on sheet using any scale. 2.Set up instrument at A' with a' over A' 3.Orient the table by ... sighted rays bd, bg, bf, bc are drawn to determine points intersection, d, g, f, c.

Explain temporary adjustment of plane table survey.

Description : Explain temporary adjustment of plane table survey.

Last Answer : 1. Setting over the station: The plane table is fixed on tripod and adjust the table in such a way that table is approximately level. 2. Leveling the table: The tubular or spirit level is placed in two ... . The table can be oriented in two ways. i. Using trough compass. ii. By back sighting.

List any four accessories required for plane table survey.

Description : List any four accessories required for plane table survey.

Last Answer : 1. Plane table. 2. Plumbing U-fork. 3. Alidade. 4. Spirit level. 5. Trough compass. 6. Plumb bob.

Describe in brief errors in plane table survey.

Description : Describe in brief errors in plane table survey.

Last Answer : 1) The board not being horizontal. 2) The table not being accurately centered. 3) The table not being Correctly oriented. 4) The objects not being sited accurately. 5) The alidade not being ... through the station point. 7) Inaccuracy in plotting. 8) The expansion and contraction of the paper.

Enlist different accessories of plane table survey with their use.

Description : Enlist different accessories of plane table survey with their use. 

Last Answer : i) The plane table: It is used for fixing a drawing sheet over it.  To locate the position of the objects on the sheet by drawing rays and plotting to suitable scale. ii) The Alidade (plain Alidade ... v) U-Fork or Plumbing fork with plumb bob: It is used for centering the table over the station. 

Describe in brief errors in compass survey.

Description : Describe in brief errors in compass survey.

Last Answer : Errors in Compass Surveying. The errors are classified as: 1. Instrumental errors. 2. Personal or Observational errors. 3. Errors due to External Influences (Natural errors etc.).  (1 ... in magnetic declination. (iii) Local attraction due to proximity of electric lines, steel structures etc.

State the procedure to find the foot of the perpendicular on the chain line to take the offset.

Description : State the procedure to find the foot of the perpendicular on the chain line to take the offset. 

Last Answer : Ans: By cross staff 1. The cross staff is held vertically on the chain line where the offset is likely to occur. It is turned until one pair of opposite slits is directed to the ranging rod ( say ... the ranging rod at B. 3. The point P1 vertically under the instruments is required point. 

State any four precautions to be taken while selecting stations for chain surveying.

Description : State any four precautions to be taken while selecting stations for chain surveying.

Last Answer : Following are the precautions to be taken while selecting station for chain surveying. 1) As far as possible the survey work should be based upon the basic principle of surveying i.e. working from whole to ... level ground. 9) The survey lines should run as far as possible nearer to object.

Draw a "well labelled diagram of 30 m metric chain & state the function of swivel joint & oval rings.

Description : Draw a "well labelled diagram of 30 m metric chain & state the function of swivel joint & oval rings.

Last Answer : Swivel joint: To turn the handle without twisting the chain. Oval ring: To provide flexibility and fold the chain.