State four instruments used for setting offsets.

State four instruments used for setting offsets.
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1 Answer

Answer :

i) Instruments used for setting offsets: 1)Chain 2)Tape 3) Open & French Cross Staff 4) Circular & Indian Optical Square 

ii) Principle of optical square: The angle between the first incident ray and the last reflected ray is twice to that of angle between two mirrors in optical square.
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Related questions

State any four types of offsets and define them.

Description : State any four types of offsets and define them. 

Last Answer : i) Long offset: If length of offset more than 15 m. ii) Short offset: If length of offset less than 15 m. iii) Perpendicular offset: Offset taken perpendicular to chain line. iv) Oblique offset: Offset not taken perpendicular to chain line.

State and describe the types of offsets.

Description : State and describe the types of offsets. 

Last Answer : 1. Perpendicular offset- When the offset is taken at 900 to the survey line, then it is known as perpendicular offset. 2. Oblique offset- When the offset is taken at an angle other than 900 ( ... when offset is set by swinging chain or tape to survey line, such formed offset is called Swing offset.

What are offsets? How are they taken and recorded? Explain with sketch.

Description : What are offsets? How are they taken and recorded? Explain with sketch.

Last Answer : Offsets are lateral measurement to the base line. They are Located by judgment if short And by instruments (optical square or cross staff) if long and measured by metallic tape and shown with their chainages on base line

State the uses of following instruments in survey: i)Cross staff ii) Chain iii) Pegs iv) Arrows

Description : State the uses of following instruments in survey: i)Cross staff ii) Chain iii) Pegs iv) Arrows

Last Answer : i) Cross-Staff: To set up perpendicular or right angle to given chain line OR to find foot of perpendicular from given object to a chain line. ii) Chain: Chains are used for measuring distances. iii) ... on survey lines. iv) Arrows : They are used to mark the end of each chain during chaining. 

Write the uses of following survey instruments i) Ranging Rod ii) Pegs iii) Cross-staff iv) Plumb bob

Description : Write the uses of following survey instruments i) Ranging Rod ii) Pegs iii) Cross-staff iv) Plumb bob

Last Answer : i) Ranging Rod : Ranging rod are used for ranging. ii) Pegs : Pegs are used for marking the positions of stations or terminals points of survey lines. iii) Cross-staff : It is used ... It is also used for accurate centering of the surveying instruments like theodolite, compass, plane table etc. 

Classify survey as per instruments used.

Description : Classify survey as per instruments used.

Last Answer : Classification of Survey as per Instruments. 1) Chain Survey 2) Compass Survey 3) Plane Table Survey 4) Theodolite Survey 5) Tachometric Survey 6) Photogrammetric Survey

Draw sketch and write the procedure for setting offset to the left or right side of suvey line with open cross-staff.

Description : Draw sketch and write the procedure for setting offset to the left or right side of suvey line with open cross-staff.

Last Answer : Procedure for setting offset with open cross staff : 1. Keep the ranging rods at point P(fixed on survey line) and at point A1 approximately. 2. The cross staff with stadia rod is fixed ... can be fixed and perpendicular offset AB is said to be set to given survey line PQ in left side.

State any four sources of errors in compass survey

Description : State any four sources of errors in compass survey 

Last Answer : Following are the sources of errors in compass survey1. Instrumental survey-  a. Needle may not be perfectly straight and might not be balanced properly over the station.  b. Graduations of the rings ... substances near the station.  b. Magnetic field may vary on account of some natural causes. 

State any four classification of surveying based on instrument uesd.

Description : State any four classification of surveying based on instrument uesd. 

Last Answer : i) Chain survey ii) Plane table survey iii) Theodolite survey, iv) Tachometric survey v) compass survey vi) photographic survey, vii) Aerial survey 

State any four precautions to be taken while selecting stations for chain surveying.

Description : State any four precautions to be taken while selecting stations for chain surveying.

Last Answer : Following are the precautions to be taken while selecting station for chain surveying. 1) As far as possible the survey work should be based upon the basic principle of surveying i.e. working from whole to ... level ground. 9) The survey lines should run as far as possible nearer to object.

State any four codes of signals in ranging with their meaning.

Description : State any four codes of signals in ranging with their meaning. 

Last Answer : In guiding the assistant into line, the surveyor should use following code of signals. Sr. No. Signal by the Surveyor  Action by the Assistant  1 Rapid sweeps i.e. up and down ... . 10 Both arms extended forward horizontally and then depressed. Fix the ranging rod.

State four advantages of auto level.

Description : State four advantages of auto level.

Last Answer : Advantages of auto level: 1. More precise/accurate leveling can be done using these levels. 2. The telescope of this instrument needs only be approximately leveled over the tripod and then the ... it reduces operational fatigue. 5. Clear and erect image. 6. Light weight and compact.

State four advantages and four disadvantages of plane table survey

Description : State four advantages and four disadvantages of plane table survey

Last Answer : Advantages: 1. A field book is not required. 2. Errors of booking in field book avoided. 3. Errors of plotting can be readily checked. 4. Suitable in magnetic area. 5. Survey work with ... cannot be done in rainy season. 5. Difficult to re-plot as field notes are not available.

Write any four advantages of intersection method of plane tabling over radiation method of plane tabling.

Description : Write any four advantages of intersection method of plane tabling over radiation method of plane tabling.

Last Answer : Advantages of intersection method: 1. Interection method requires less ground distance measurement than radiation method. 2. By this method we can locate inaccessible points which cannot be ... to radiation method, intersection method eliminates undulation error, bisection error and plotting errors.

Explain four types of meridians.

Description : Explain four types of meridians. 

Last Answer : 1. True meridian: -The line which is passing through geographical north or south pole and given point on the surface of earth is called as true meridian. 2. Magnetic meridian:-The direction indicated ... particular zone. These lines are termed as grid lines and the centre line as the grid meridian.

Differentiate between plane and geodetic survey on any four points.

Description : Differentiate between plane and geodetic survey on any four points. 

Last Answer : Difference between Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveying Points Plane Surveying Geodetic Surveying Definition Plane surveying is that type of surveying in which mean surface of ... Traditional survey equipment is used Precise and modern survey equipment are required

List any four accessories required for plane table survey.

Description : List any four accessories required for plane table survey.

Last Answer : 1. Plane table. 2. Plumbing U-fork. 3. Alidade. 4. Spirit level. 5. Trough compass. 6. Plumb bob.

Give any four code of signals used to direct assistant in ranging.

Description : Give any four code of signals used to direct assistant in ranging.

Last Answer : Sr. No. Signal Action 1 Rapid sweep with right hand Move right fast 2 Slow sweep with right hand Move right slowly 3 Right hand extended  Continue moving to ... head and moved down Correct position 8 Both hands forward and brought down Fix the point

Write-four uses of surveying.

Description : Write-four uses of surveying.

Last Answer : Uses of surveying are: 1) Surveying is useful to plot ground details in various maps like topographic and cadastral maps. 2) It is useful in navigational movement planning through military survey. ... beneficial in collecting details of water bodies on earth like lake, pond, river, sea etc.

For setting out a simple curve, using two theodolites. (A) Offsets from tangents are required (B) Offsets from chord produced are required (C) Offsets from long chord are required (D) None of these

Description : For setting out a simple curve, using two theodolites.  (A) Offsets from tangents are required  (B) Offsets from chord produced are required  (C) Offsets from long chord are required  (D) None of these 

Last Answer : (D) None of these 

For setting out a simple curve, using two theodolites. (A) Offsets from tangents are required (B) Offsets from chord produced are required (C) Offsets from long chord are required (D) None of these

Description : For setting out a simple curve, using two theodolites.  (A) Offsets from tangents are required  (B) Offsets from chord produced are required  (C) Offsets from long chord are required  (D) None of these 

Last Answer : (C) R/20

Setting out of Lemniscate transition curves, is done with (A) Perpendicular offsets (B) Radial offsets (C) Deflection angles (D) Polar deflection angles

Description : Setting out of Lemniscate transition curves, is done with (A) Perpendicular offsets (B) Radial offsets (C) Deflection angles (D) Polar deflection angles

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Explain the procedure of curve setting by method of offsets from long chord

Description : Explain the procedure of curve setting by method of offsets from long chord

Last Answer : Procedure: 1. Divide the long chord into an even number of equal parts say 8,10,12 etc. 2. Set out the offset as calculated from the formula  and obtain the required points on the ... ED, the offset for the right half of the curve will be the same as those on the left half side. 

State the fundamental axes and mention their relationship for a dumpy level.

Description : State the fundamental axes and mention their relationship for a dumpy level.

Last Answer : Fundamental axis of dumpy level are as follows; i) The vertical axis ii) The axis of bubble tube iii) The line of collimation iv) The axis of the telescope Relationship between ... iii) Axis of telescope and line of collimation should coincide when dumpy level is correctly leveled.

State the situation where plane table is suitable.

Description : State the situation where plane table is suitable. 

Last Answer : 1) It is most suitable for preparing small scale maps 2) It is suitable in magnetic are where compass survey is not reliable 3) It is most suitable for filling in details between stations fixed by triangulation 4) It is suitable where accuracy is not required.

State the two uses of survey based on geodetic surveying

Description : State the two uses of survey based on geodetic surveying

Last Answer : Two uses of survey based on geodetic surveying:- i) To determine the precise position s on the surface of the earth. ii) Preparation of maps of large area like map of a country, state ... ) Establishment of GTS bench Marks across the country. iv) Preparation of military maps for defense purposes.

State the important points kept in mind while recording the staff readings in level pages with respect first reading, intermediate reading, last reading, change point, carry forward from one page to next page-Remark

Description : State the important points kept in mind while recording the staff readings in level pages with respect first reading, intermediate reading, last reading, change point, carry forward from one page to next page-Remark

Last Answer : 1) First reading is on bench mark point and should be noted in back sight(BS) column 2) Intermediate reading (IS) should be taken on the points between first and last station. 3) Last reading ... column of next page 6) Remark column should have denote First and Last RL along with change points.

State the purposes of following methods of leveling. i)Profile leveling, ii)Fly leveling, iii)Check leveling iv)Reciprocal leveling

Description : State the purposes of following methods of leveling. i)Profile leveling, ii)Fly leveling, iii)Check leveling iv)Reciprocal leveling

Last Answer : 1. Profile leveling- To determine the undulation of ground surface along given line for alignment of road, canal or pipe, railway line 2. Fly leveling-It is used to for connecting B.M. to ... is used to find the difference in leveling between two points two point obstructed due to river or pond.

State fundamental lines and their relationships with each other of dumpy level.

Description : State fundamental lines and their relationships with each other of dumpy level.

Last Answer : Fundamental axes of dumpy level : i) The vertical axis ii) The axis of bubble tube iii) The line of collimation iv) The axis of the telescope Relations of Fundamental axes : i) The ... to the axis of the bubble tube. iii) Axis of telescope and line of collimation should coincide.

State advantages of plane table survey one each with respect to booking and suitability

Description : State advantages of plane table survey one each with respect to booking and suitability

Last Answer : Booking of observations: i) Field work and plotting work done simultaneously ii) ) Notes of measurement are seldom required and possibility of mistakes in booking is eliminated. Suitability of PT ... and work where great accuracy is not required. ii) Mostly suitable for survey in plain terrain

State two advantages of telescopic alidade over simple alidade.

Description : State two advantages of telescopic alidade over simple alidade.

Last Answer : Advantages of telescopic alidade : i) Telescopic alidade is more accurate in bisection than simple alidade ii) Telescopic alidade is useful in comparatively longer range objects. iii) It can be easily ... is not possible by simple alidade. iv) It gives quicker bisection which saves time ultimately.

Define orientation. State two methods of orientation. Which method is most accurate and why?

Description : Define orientation. State two methods of orientation. Which method is most accurate and why? 

Last Answer : Orientation is the process of keeping plane table in same position as that is occupied in previous station. Methods of orientation: i) Magnetic meridian method using trough compass ii) Back ... and not by using trough compass. Therefore there is no error occurring due to local attraction.

State temporary adjustments of prismatic compass

Description : State temporary adjustments of prismatic compass

Last Answer : a) Setting the prismatic compass over prefixed survey station b) Centering the compass over nail point of station using plumb bob c) Leveling of compass in horizontal plane using level tube d) Focusing of prism by raising and lowering the focussing stud

Define local attraction. State two causes of local attraction.

Description : Define local attraction. State two causes of local attraction.

Last Answer : Local attraction: It is the deviation or deflection of magnetic needle from its normal position under influence of external magnetic forces is called as local attraction. Causes of local attraction : 1. Iron ... structure 2. Electric cable line 3. High voltage current 4. Bunch of key 5. Steel Tape 

What is bench mark? State the types of bench mark and explain any one type.

Description : What is bench mark? State the types of bench mark and explain any one type.

Last Answer : Bench Mark- It is fixed reference point of known or assumed elevation. Types of bench mark1. Great trignometrical survey bench mark 2. Permanent bench mark 3. Arbitrary bench mark 4. Temporary bench ... Karachi are given in catalogue formed by department. They are also known as G.T.S. Bench mark

Describe quadrantal bearing system. State the purpose it is used.

Description : Describe quadrantal bearing system. State the purpose it is used. 

Last Answer : Quadrantal Bearing - 1. The magnetic bearing of line measured clockwise or anticlockwise from north or south pole whichever is nearer. 2. These bearings are also called as reduced bearings. 3. ... lines in a closed traverse. 2. It is used to calculate back bearing for respective quadrants.

State any two uses of survey.

Description : State any two uses of survey.

Last Answer : Survey is useful for following: 1. To prepare a map or plan of the surveyed area for attaching it to legal documents. 2. To plot control points of boundries of locality 3. To determine ... . 5. To decide suitable gradient and camber of road depending on equal volume of cutting and filling.

What is meant by local attraction? How will you suspect local attraction at the field ? state its effect on included angle.

Description : What is meant by local attraction? How will you suspect local attraction at the field ? state its effect on included angle.

Last Answer : Local attraction: It is the deviation or deflection of magnetic needle from its normal position under influence of external magnetic forces is called as local attraction. Suspect of local attraction ... The needle is affected by local attraction therefore it does not give a corrected angle

State fundamental axis of dumpy level and give their relationship

Description : State fundamental axis of dumpy level and give their relationship 

Last Answer : Fundamental axes of dumpy level : i) The vertical axis ii) The axis of bubble tube iii) The line of collimation iv) The axis of the telescope Relations of Fundamental axes : i) The ... parallel to the axis of the bubble tube. iii) Axis of telescope and line of collimation should coincide. 

State the use of following- 1. Arrow 2. Wooden peg

Description : State the use of following- 1. Arrow 2. Wooden peg

Last Answer : 1. Arrow Arrows are used for counting the number of chains while measuring a chain line. 2. Wooden peg Pegs are used for fixing the instrument station on the ground permanent marking

Define surveying & state its objectives

Description : Define surveying & state its objectives

Last Answer : Surveying- It is branch of civil engineering in which relative positions of ground points are determined by taking linear and angular measurement. Objectives: 1. To determine the relative positions of ... quantities 4. To prepare a topographical map showing details of hills, valleys and rivers.

State the important point to be remembered while doing profile leveling.

Description : State the important point to be remembered while doing profile leveling.

Last Answer : 1. The chainage of staff stations are continuous from beginning to the end of the section line. 2. Readings of B.S. and F.S. should be taken very accurately with the bubble exactly in ... their width or by offset. 5)All the temporary adjustments at all instrument position shall carefully be done. 

State different types of leveling. Explain any one in brief.

Description : State different types of leveling. Explain any one in brief.

Last Answer : Types of Levelling  1. Simple Levelling.  2. Differential Levelling.  3. Fly Levelling.  4. Longitudinal or profile leveling.  5. Cross-Section Levelling.  6. Check Levelling.  1. ... B are taken. The difference of these readings gives the difference of level between A and B. 

State different methods of plotting compass traverse.

Description : State different methods of plotting compass traverse. 

Last Answer : Methods of plotting compass traverse are: 1. By parallel meridian through each station. 2. By included angle. 3. By paper protractor. 4. By rectangular co-ordinates. 5. Plotting by tangents. 6. Plotting by chords.

State any eight component parts with its functions of prismatic compass.

Description : State any eight component parts with its functions of prismatic compass. 

Last Answer : Component parts of prismatic compass are as follows. 1. Break pin - It is used to stop the oscillations of aluminum ring. 2. Lifting pin - It lifts the magnetic needle when sight vane is folded. ... and sighting vane when the compass is not in use to protect the compass from dirt, dust etc.

State the procedure to find the foot of the perpendicular on the chain line to take the offset.

Description : State the procedure to find the foot of the perpendicular on the chain line to take the offset. 

Last Answer : Ans: By cross staff 1. The cross staff is held vertically on the chain line where the offset is likely to occur. It is turned until one pair of opposite slits is directed to the ranging rod ( say ... the ranging rod at B. 3. The point P1 vertically under the instruments is required point. 

State the meaning of local attraction and state its effect on prismatic compass and how it taken care of.

Description : State the meaning of local attraction and state its effect on prismatic compass and how it taken care of. 

Last Answer : Local attraction: It is the deviation or deflection of magnetic needle from its normal position under influence of external magnetic forces is called as local attraction.  Effect on prismatic compass: ... compass. 3) If local attraction still persists, it is corrected by mathematical calculation. 

State the classification of surveys based on i) The nature of the field of survey. ii) The object of survey.

Description : State the classification of surveys based on i) The nature of the field of survey. ii) The object of survey. 

Last Answer : i)The nature of the field of survey.  1.Land surveying.  2.Marine surveying or Hydrographic surveying.  3.Astronomical surveying.  ii) The object of survey. 1.Geological surveying. 2.Mine surveying. 3.Archaeological surveying. 4. Military surveying. 5. Engineeringsurveying.

State objectives of levelling.

Description : State objectives of levelling.

Last Answer : 1) Obtain the level difference between two points. 2) To find the reduced level of points with respective to mean sea level. 3) To obtain the R.L. with respect to arbitrary bench mark. 4) To establish point on a given RL

State different tapes used based on material of which they are made.

Description : State different tapes used based on material of which they are made. 

Last Answer : Ans:1) Cloth or Linen tape 2) Metallic Tape 3) Steel Tape 4) Invar Tape 5) Fiber Glass wired Tape