State two advantages of telescopic alidade over simple alidade.

State two advantages of telescopic alidade over simple alidade.
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1 Answer

Answer :

Advantages of telescopic alidade : i) Telescopic alidade is more accurate in bisection than simple alidade ii) Telescopic alidade is useful in comparatively longer range objects. iii) It can be easily bisect the objects at higher elevation or depressions which is not possible by simple alidade. iv) It gives quicker bisection which saves time ultimately.
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What is advantage of wing telescopic alidade?

Description : What is advantage of wing telescopic alidade?

Last Answer : Advantage of wing telescopic alidade is as follows 1. The range of sight is more 2. Accurate bisection 3. Inclined line of sight is possible 4. Horizontal distance can be calculated using stadia hairs. 5. Quick levelling is possible due to circular bubble tube as compared to dumpy level.

State the use of alidade in plane table surveying

Description : State the use of alidade in plane table surveying

Last Answer : 1) It is used for sighting the objects to be located.  2) It is used for drawing the rays. 

The instrument which is used in plane tabling for obtaining horizontal and vertical distances directly without resorting to chaining, is known as (A) Plane alidade (B) Telescopic alidade (C) Clinometer (D) Tacheometer

Description : The instrument which is used in plane tabling for obtaining horizontal and vertical distances directly without resorting to chaining, is known as (A) Plane alidade (B) Telescopic alidade (C) Clinometer (D) Tacheometer

Last Answer : (B) Telescopic alidade

State advantages of Auto-Level over dumpy level.

Description : State advantages of Auto-Level over dumpy level. 

Last Answer : 1) Auto level gives quick and easy leveling with less effort than dumpy level. 2) It is most accurate and precise which gives least error about 0.5 to 0.8 in 5 km. 3) It is simply ... readings to read; which reflects inverted in some dumpy level. 5) It gives more operational comfort to surveyor. 

Write any four advantages of intersection method of plane tabling over radiation method of plane tabling.

Description : Write any four advantages of intersection method of plane tabling over radiation method of plane tabling.

Last Answer : Advantages of intersection method: 1. Interection method requires less ground distance measurement than radiation method. 2. By this method we can locate inaccessible points which cannot be ... to radiation method, intersection method eliminates undulation error, bisection error and plotting errors.

State advantages of plane table survey one each with respect to booking and suitability

Description : State advantages of plane table survey one each with respect to booking and suitability

Last Answer : Booking of observations: i) Field work and plotting work done simultaneously ii) ) Notes of measurement are seldom required and possibility of mistakes in booking is eliminated. Suitability of PT ... and work where great accuracy is not required. ii) Mostly suitable for survey in plain terrain

State four advantages of auto level.

Description : State four advantages of auto level.

Last Answer : Advantages of auto level: 1. More precise/accurate leveling can be done using these levels. 2. The telescope of this instrument needs only be approximately leveled over the tripod and then the ... it reduces operational fatigue. 5. Clear and erect image. 6. Light weight and compact.

State four advantages and four disadvantages of plane table survey

Description : State four advantages and four disadvantages of plane table survey

Last Answer : Advantages: 1. A field book is not required. 2. Errors of booking in field book avoided. 3. Errors of plotting can be readily checked. 4. Suitable in magnetic area. 5. Survey work with ... cannot be done in rainy season. 5. Difficult to re-plot as field notes are not available.

Differentiate between simple levelling and differential levelling with neat sketch.

Description : Differentiate between simple levelling and differential levelling with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : S.N Simple Levelling Differential levelling 1 Instrument is not shifted till the end of survey work.  Instrument is shifted as per requirements. 2 In this difference in elevation between ... elevation between two points is more or any obstacle between them. 4

Enlist the advantages of Auto level.

Description : Enlist the advantages of Auto level. 

Last Answer : Following are the advantages of auto level: 1) Operational Comfort: Use of Auto level is free of fatigue, does not cause strain on eyes, nerves etc. 2) High precision : Precision of auto ... of application: Auto can be used for medium and large size project. To establish bench marks accurately.

Explain how will you overcome the obstacles over river during chaining operation.

Description : Explain how will you overcome the obstacles over river during chaining operation.

Last Answer : A) river across the chain line. 1. Suppose AB is the chain line. Two points C & D are selected on this line on opposite banks of the river. 2. At C a perpendicular CE is erected and bisected at F. A perpendicular is ... ) X DF          CH=DF  = (CD/(CG-DF) )X DF        HG=CG-CH

State the two uses of survey based on geodetic surveying

Description : State the two uses of survey based on geodetic surveying

Last Answer : Two uses of survey based on geodetic surveying:- i) To determine the precise position s on the surface of the earth. ii) Preparation of maps of large area like map of a country, state ... ) Establishment of GTS bench Marks across the country. iv) Preparation of military maps for defense purposes.

Define orientation. State two methods of orientation. Which method is most accurate and why?

Description : Define orientation. State two methods of orientation. Which method is most accurate and why? 

Last Answer : Orientation is the process of keeping plane table in same position as that is occupied in previous station. Methods of orientation: i) Magnetic meridian method using trough compass ii) Back ... and not by using trough compass. Therefore there is no error occurring due to local attraction.

Define local attraction. State two causes of local attraction.

Description : Define local attraction. State two causes of local attraction.

Last Answer : Local attraction: It is the deviation or deflection of magnetic needle from its normal position under influence of external magnetic forces is called as local attraction. Causes of local attraction : 1. Iron ... structure 2. Electric cable line 3. High voltage current 4. Bunch of key 5. Steel Tape 

State any two uses of survey.

Description : State any two uses of survey.

Last Answer : Survey is useful for following: 1. To prepare a map or plan of the surveyed area for attaching it to legal documents. 2. To plot control points of boundries of locality 3. To determine ... . 5. To decide suitable gradient and camber of road depending on equal volume of cutting and filling.

State any two uses of Plane Surveying.

Description : State any two uses of Plane Surveying. 

Last Answer : 1) Plane surveying is used for measuring small distance. 2) When area is less than 260 km2, plane survey is normally done. 3) When desired accuracy is less, plane survey is done.

State any two desired relationship between fundamental axes of dumpy level.

Description : State any two desired relationship between fundamental axes of dumpy level.

Last Answer : Following are the desired relationship between fundamental axes of dumpy level. 1. The axis of level tube should be perpendicular to the vertical axis. 2. The line of collimation should be parallel to ... of bubble (level) tube. 3. Axis of telescope and line of collimation should be coinciding.

State two principles of survey.

Description : State two principles of survey.

Last Answer : Following are the two principles of survey. 1) To work from whole to part. 2) To locate a point at least by two independent processes.

State the fundamental axes and mention their relationship for a dumpy level.

Description : State the fundamental axes and mention their relationship for a dumpy level.

Last Answer : Fundamental axis of dumpy level are as follows; i) The vertical axis ii) The axis of bubble tube iii) The line of collimation iv) The axis of the telescope Relationship between ... iii) Axis of telescope and line of collimation should coincide when dumpy level is correctly leveled.

State the situation where plane table is suitable.

Description : State the situation where plane table is suitable. 

Last Answer : 1) It is most suitable for preparing small scale maps 2) It is suitable in magnetic are where compass survey is not reliable 3) It is most suitable for filling in details between stations fixed by triangulation 4) It is suitable where accuracy is not required.

State the important points kept in mind while recording the staff readings in level pages with respect first reading, intermediate reading, last reading, change point, carry forward from one page to next page-Remark

Description : State the important points kept in mind while recording the staff readings in level pages with respect first reading, intermediate reading, last reading, change point, carry forward from one page to next page-Remark

Last Answer : 1) First reading is on bench mark point and should be noted in back sight(BS) column 2) Intermediate reading (IS) should be taken on the points between first and last station. 3) Last reading ... column of next page 6) Remark column should have denote First and Last RL along with change points.

State the purposes of following methods of leveling. i)Profile leveling, ii)Fly leveling, iii)Check leveling iv)Reciprocal leveling

Description : State the purposes of following methods of leveling. i)Profile leveling, ii)Fly leveling, iii)Check leveling iv)Reciprocal leveling

Last Answer : 1. Profile leveling- To determine the undulation of ground surface along given line for alignment of road, canal or pipe, railway line 2. Fly leveling-It is used to for connecting B.M. to ... is used to find the difference in leveling between two points two point obstructed due to river or pond.

State fundamental lines and their relationships with each other of dumpy level.

Description : State fundamental lines and their relationships with each other of dumpy level.

Last Answer : Fundamental axes of dumpy level : i) The vertical axis ii) The axis of bubble tube iii) The line of collimation iv) The axis of the telescope Relations of Fundamental axes : i) The ... to the axis of the bubble tube. iii) Axis of telescope and line of collimation should coincide.

State temporary adjustments of prismatic compass

Description : State temporary adjustments of prismatic compass

Last Answer : a) Setting the prismatic compass over prefixed survey station b) Centering the compass over nail point of station using plumb bob c) Leveling of compass in horizontal plane using level tube d) Focusing of prism by raising and lowering the focussing stud

State four instruments used for setting offsets.

Description : State four instruments used for setting offsets.

Last Answer : i) Instruments used for setting offsets: 1)Chain 2)Tape 3) Open & French Cross Staff 4) Circular & Indian Optical Square  ii) Principle of optical square: The angle between the first incident ray and the last reflected ray is twice to that of angle between two mirrors in optical square.

What is bench mark? State the types of bench mark and explain any one type.

Description : What is bench mark? State the types of bench mark and explain any one type.

Last Answer : Bench Mark- It is fixed reference point of known or assumed elevation. Types of bench mark1. Great trignometrical survey bench mark 2. Permanent bench mark 3. Arbitrary bench mark 4. Temporary bench ... Karachi are given in catalogue formed by department. They are also known as G.T.S. Bench mark

Describe quadrantal bearing system. State the purpose it is used.

Description : Describe quadrantal bearing system. State the purpose it is used. 

Last Answer : Quadrantal Bearing - 1. The magnetic bearing of line measured clockwise or anticlockwise from north or south pole whichever is nearer. 2. These bearings are also called as reduced bearings. 3. ... lines in a closed traverse. 2. It is used to calculate back bearing for respective quadrants.

State and describe the types of offsets.

Description : State and describe the types of offsets. 

Last Answer : 1. Perpendicular offset- When the offset is taken at 900 to the survey line, then it is known as perpendicular offset. 2. Oblique offset- When the offset is taken at an angle other than 900 ( ... when offset is set by swinging chain or tape to survey line, such formed offset is called Swing offset.

What is meant by local attraction? How will you suspect local attraction at the field ? state its effect on included angle.

Description : What is meant by local attraction? How will you suspect local attraction at the field ? state its effect on included angle.

Last Answer : Local attraction: It is the deviation or deflection of magnetic needle from its normal position under influence of external magnetic forces is called as local attraction. Suspect of local attraction ... The needle is affected by local attraction therefore it does not give a corrected angle

State any four sources of errors in compass survey

Description : State any four sources of errors in compass survey 

Last Answer : Following are the sources of errors in compass survey1. Instrumental survey-  a. Needle may not be perfectly straight and might not be balanced properly over the station.  b. Graduations of the rings ... substances near the station.  b. Magnetic field may vary on account of some natural causes. 

State fundamental axis of dumpy level and give their relationship

Description : State fundamental axis of dumpy level and give their relationship 

Last Answer : Fundamental axes of dumpy level : i) The vertical axis ii) The axis of bubble tube iii) The line of collimation iv) The axis of the telescope Relations of Fundamental axes : i) The ... parallel to the axis of the bubble tube. iii) Axis of telescope and line of collimation should coincide. 

State the use of following- 1. Arrow 2. Wooden peg

Description : State the use of following- 1. Arrow 2. Wooden peg

Last Answer : 1. Arrow Arrows are used for counting the number of chains while measuring a chain line. 2. Wooden peg Pegs are used for fixing the instrument station on the ground permanent marking

Define surveying & state its objectives

Description : Define surveying & state its objectives

Last Answer : Surveying- It is branch of civil engineering in which relative positions of ground points are determined by taking linear and angular measurement. Objectives: 1. To determine the relative positions of ... quantities 4. To prepare a topographical map showing details of hills, valleys and rivers.

State the important point to be remembered while doing profile leveling.

Description : State the important point to be remembered while doing profile leveling.

Last Answer : 1. The chainage of staff stations are continuous from beginning to the end of the section line. 2. Readings of B.S. and F.S. should be taken very accurately with the bubble exactly in ... their width or by offset. 5)All the temporary adjustments at all instrument position shall carefully be done. 

State different types of leveling. Explain any one in brief.

Description : State different types of leveling. Explain any one in brief.

Last Answer : Types of Levelling  1. Simple Levelling.  2. Differential Levelling.  3. Fly Levelling.  4. Longitudinal or profile leveling.  5. Cross-Section Levelling.  6. Check Levelling.  1. ... B are taken. The difference of these readings gives the difference of level between A and B. 

State different methods of plotting compass traverse.

Description : State different methods of plotting compass traverse. 

Last Answer : Methods of plotting compass traverse are: 1. By parallel meridian through each station. 2. By included angle. 3. By paper protractor. 4. By rectangular co-ordinates. 5. Plotting by tangents. 6. Plotting by chords.

State any eight component parts with its functions of prismatic compass.

Description : State any eight component parts with its functions of prismatic compass. 

Last Answer : Component parts of prismatic compass are as follows. 1. Break pin - It is used to stop the oscillations of aluminum ring. 2. Lifting pin - It lifts the magnetic needle when sight vane is folded. ... and sighting vane when the compass is not in use to protect the compass from dirt, dust etc.

State the procedure to find the foot of the perpendicular on the chain line to take the offset.

Description : State the procedure to find the foot of the perpendicular on the chain line to take the offset. 

Last Answer : Ans: By cross staff 1. The cross staff is held vertically on the chain line where the offset is likely to occur. It is turned until one pair of opposite slits is directed to the ranging rod ( say ... the ranging rod at B. 3. The point P1 vertically under the instruments is required point. 

State the uses of following instruments in survey: i)Cross staff ii) Chain iii) Pegs iv) Arrows

Description : State the uses of following instruments in survey: i)Cross staff ii) Chain iii) Pegs iv) Arrows

Last Answer : i) Cross-Staff: To set up perpendicular or right angle to given chain line OR to find foot of perpendicular from given object to a chain line. ii) Chain: Chains are used for measuring distances. iii) ... on survey lines. iv) Arrows : They are used to mark the end of each chain during chaining. 

State the meaning of local attraction and state its effect on prismatic compass and how it taken care of.

Description : State the meaning of local attraction and state its effect on prismatic compass and how it taken care of. 

Last Answer : Local attraction: It is the deviation or deflection of magnetic needle from its normal position under influence of external magnetic forces is called as local attraction.  Effect on prismatic compass: ... compass. 3) If local attraction still persists, it is corrected by mathematical calculation. 

State the classification of surveys based on i) The nature of the field of survey. ii) The object of survey.

Description : State the classification of surveys based on i) The nature of the field of survey. ii) The object of survey. 

Last Answer : i)The nature of the field of survey.  1.Land surveying.  2.Marine surveying or Hydrographic surveying.  3.Astronomical surveying.  ii) The object of survey. 1.Geological surveying. 2.Mine surveying. 3.Archaeological surveying. 4. Military surveying. 5. Engineeringsurveying.

State objectives of levelling.

Description : State objectives of levelling.

Last Answer : 1) Obtain the level difference between two points. 2) To find the reduced level of points with respective to mean sea level. 3) To obtain the R.L. with respect to arbitrary bench mark. 4) To establish point on a given RL

State different tapes used based on material of which they are made.

Description : State different tapes used based on material of which they are made. 

Last Answer : Ans:1) Cloth or Linen tape 2) Metallic Tape 3) Steel Tape 4) Invar Tape 5) Fiber Glass wired Tape

State any four classification of surveying based on instrument uesd.

Description : State any four classification of surveying based on instrument uesd. 

Last Answer : i) Chain survey ii) Plane table survey iii) Theodolite survey, iv) Tachometric survey v) compass survey vi) photographic survey, vii) Aerial survey 

State sources of error in leveling.

Description : State sources of error in leveling. 

Last Answer : There are three sources of Error a) Instrumental Error :- Imperfect permanent adjustment Sluggish bubble Faulty focusing tube The erroneous leveling staff b) Refraction Error ( error due ... in manipulation  Mistake in reading the rod   Errors in sighting   Mistakes in recording

State merits and demerits of plane table survey.

Description : State merits and demerits of plane table survey. 

Last Answer : Merits: 1) It is the most rapid method of surveying.  2)There is no need for field book as plotting is done along with the field work, so the problem of mistakes in booking field notes does not arise. ... to carry. 5) The map cannot be replotted to defferent scale as there is no field book. 

Explain Fly Levelling with neat sketch. State situation under which fly levelling is needed.

Description : Explain Fly Levelling with neat sketch. State situation under which fly levelling is needed.

Last Answer : Ans: When DifferentialLevelling is done in order to connect a bench mark to the starting point of the alignment of any project, it is called as fly levelling. Fly levelling is also done to connect ...  ii)if distance is more between two points.  iii)if there obstacles between the two points.  

State the different point to be considered in selection of survey station for a closed traverse

Description : State the different point to be considered in selection of survey station for a closed traverse 

Last Answer : 1) Main survey stations should be inter visible. 2) The main survey lines should form well-conditioned triangles. 3) Each triangle or portion of skeleton must be provided with sufficient check lines. ... ) Survey line must be as few as possible so that the frame work can be plotted conveniently.

State importance of Change Point in levelling

Description : State importance of Change Point in levelling

Last Answer : During the process of levelling, sometimes some staff readings are not possible. In such circumstances with respect to last staff position, the instrument is shifted to new positioning and the levelling is ... change point. It is a point on which fore sight & back sight readings are taken. 

State the situations under which chain survey is most suitable

Description : State the situations under which chain survey is most suitable

Last Answer : Situations under which chain survey is most suitable 1) It is suitable for moderately small areas 2) When the ground is fairly level with simple details ( free from obstructions such as trees, building, poles etc )