The most common cause of acute encephalitis in the United
States is
a) Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV).
Viral infection is the most common cause of encephalitis. HSV is the
most common cause of acute encephalitis in the U.S.
b) Cryptococcus neoformans.
C. neoformans is one of several fungi that may cause fungal
encephalitis. Fungal infections of the central nervous system occur
rarely in healthy people.
c) Western equine bacteria.
The Western equine encephalitis virus is one of four types of arboviral
encephalitis that occur in North America.
d) Candida albicans.
C. albicans is one of several fungi that may cause fungal encephalitis.
Fungal infections of the central nervous system occur rarely in healthy
people.

1 Answer

Answer :

a) Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV).
Viral infection is the most common cause of encephalitis. HSV is the
most common cause of acute encephalitis in the U.S.

Related questions

Description : The patient with Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) encephalitis is receiving acyclovir (Zovirax). The nurse monitors blood chemistry test results and urinary output for a) renal complications related to ... output will alert the nurse to the presence of renal complications related to acyclovir therapy.

Last Answer : a) renal complications related to acyclovir therapy. Monitoring of blood chemistry test results and urinary output will alert the nurse to the presence of renal complications related to acyclovir therapy.

Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning viral infections. a. The most common post-transplantation viral infections are caused by herpes viruses and include CMV and herpes simplex virus ... HSV) infection primarily presents with a mononucleosis-type syndrome with fever, lethargy, and cough

Last Answer : Answer: a, c, Solid organ transplant patients are prone to develop viral infection by virtue of exogenous immunosuppression. The most common post-transplantation viral infections are those ... transplant patient or as painful herpes zoster in patients who have previously developed chicken pox

Description : The herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), which produces a cold sore (fever blister), has an incubation period of a) 2-12 days. HSV-1 is transmitted primarily by direct contact with infected secretions. b) ... the incubation period. d) 3-6 months. The time period 3-6 months exceeds the incubation period.

Last Answer : a) 2-12 days. HSV-1 is transmitted primarily by direct contact with infected secretions.

Description : The nurse teaches the patient who demonstrates herpes zoster (shingles) that a) the infection results from reactivation of the chickenpox virus. It is assumed that herpes zoster represents a ... is arrested if oral antiviral agents are administered within 24 hours of the initial eruption.

Last Answer : a) the infection results from reactivation of the chickenpox virus. It is assumed that herpes zoster represents a reactivation of latent varicella (chickenpox) virus and reflects lowered immunity.

Description : Which of the following reflects basic nursing measures in the care of the patient with viral encephalitis? a) Providing comfort measures Providing comfort measures directed at the headache, include ... output to alert the nurse to the presence of renal complications related to acyclovir therapy.

Last Answer : a) Providing comfort measures Providing comfort measures directed at the headache, include dimmed lights, limited noise, and analgesics are the basic nursing measures in the care of the patient with a viral encephalitis.

Description : The primary North American vector transmitting arthropodborne virus encephalitis is the a) mosquito Arthropod vectors transmit several types of viruses that cause encephalitis. The primary vector in North America is ... the mosquito. d) flea. The primary vector in North America is the mosquito.

Last Answer : a) mosquito Arthropod vectors transmit several types of viruses that cause encephalitis. The primary vector in North America is the mosquito.

Description : A history of infection specifically caused by group A betahemolytic streptococci is associated with which of the following disorders? a) Acute glomerulonephritis Acute glomerulonephritis is ... chronic glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple myeloma, and renal vein thrombosis.

Last Answer : a) Acute glomerulonephritis Acute glomerulonephritis is also associated with varicella zoster virus, hepatitis B, and Epstein-Barr virus.

Description : Which of the following microorganisms is known to cause retinitis in people with HIV/AIDS? a) Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus is a species-specific herpes virus. b) Cryptococcus neoformans Cryptococcus neoformans is ... is thought to be protozoan but believed to be a fungus based on its structure.

Last Answer : a) Cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus is a species-specific herpes virus.

Description : Medical management of arthropod-borne virus (arboviral) encephalitis is aimed at a) controlling seizures and increased intracranical pressure. There is no specific medication for arboviral ... muscular atrophy. Medical management is aimed at controlling seizures and increased intracranial pressure.

Last Answer : a) controlling seizures and increased intracranical pressure. There is no specific medication for arboviral encephalitis. Medical management is aimed at controlling seizures and increased intracranial pressure.

Description : Which of the following is a reversible cause of urinary incontinence in the older adult? a) Constipation. Constipation is a reversible cause of urinary incontinence in the older adult. Other ... level in the menopausal woman is a reversible cause of urinary incontinence in the older woman.

Last Answer : a) Constipation. Constipation is a reversible cause of urinary incontinence in the older adult. Other reversible causes include acute urinary tract infection, infection elsewhere in the body, decreased ... a change in a chronic disease pattern, and decreased estrogen levels in the menopausal women.

Description : What is true in treating a patient with secondary herpes simplex:** A. Acyclovir inhibits viral transcription when applied in the prodromal phase B. Idoxuridine is better than acyclovir when applied topically C. Antivirals are contra indicated in immuno-compromised patient

Last Answer : A. Acyclovir inhibits viral transcription when applied in the prodromal phase

Description : Which of the following statements accurately describes cancer of the esophagus? a) Chronic irritation of the esophagus is a known risk factor. In the United States, cancer of the esophagus has been associated ... occurs in the fourth decade of life. It usually occurs in the fifth decade of life.

Last Answer : a) Chronic irritation of the esophagus is a known risk factor. In the United States, cancer of the esophagus has been associated with the ingestion of alcohol and the use of tobacco.

Description : A patient with fungal encephalitis receiving amphotericin B complaints of fever, chills, and body aches. The nurse knows that these symptoms a) may be controlled by the administration of ... and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) cultures. Blood and CSF cultures help diagnosis fungal encephalitis.

Last Answer : a) may be controlled by the administration of diphenhydramine (Benedryl) and acetaminophen (Tylenol) approximately 30 minutes prior to administration of the amphotericin. Administration of amphotericin B ... 30 minutes prior to the administration of amphotericin B may prevent these side effects.

Description : Which of the following statements reflect the treatment of HIV infection? a) Treatment of HIV infection for an individual patient is based on the clinical condition of the patient, CD4 T cell count level, and ... CD4+ T cells/mm3 or plasma HIV RNA levels exceeding 55,000 copies/mL (RT-PCR assay).

Last Answer : a) Treatment of HIV infection for an individual patient is based on the clinical condition of the patient, CD4 T cell count level, and HIV RNA (viral load). Although specific therapies vary, treatment of ... : the clinical condition of the patient, CD4 T cell count level, and HIV RNA (viral load).

Description : The nurse providing education regarding sexually transmitted diseases includes which of the following statements regarding herpes virus 2 (herpes genitalis)? a) In pregnant women with active herpes virus, babies ... very difficult to kill. Usually, the virus is killed at room temperature by drying.

Last Answer : a) In pregnant women with active herpes virus, babies delivered vaginally may become infected with the virus. Therefore, a cesarean delivery may be performed if the virus recurs near the time of delivery.

Description : Which one of the following is a false statement about atopic eczema? a) It commonly begins by drug reaction. b) Super-added herpes simplex infection is a serious complication. c) The serum IgE ... . d) The skin lesions are typically itchy. e) Treatment with systemic steroids is often necessary.

Last Answer : Ans: E

Description : Intact vesicles are MOST likely to be seen in:** A. Herpes simplex infection B. Oral lichenoid reaction C. Aphthous ulceration D. Pemphigus vulgaris E. Cicatricial pemphigoid

Last Answer : A. Herpes simplex infection

Description : Which of the following mitral valve conditions generally produces no symptoms? a) Prolapse Mitral valve prolpase is a deformity that usually produces no symptoms and has been diagnosed more ... ) Infection Mitral valve infection, when acute, will produce symptoms typical of infective endocarditis.

Last Answer : a) Prolapse Mitral valve prolpase is a deformity that usually produces no symptoms and has been diagnosed more frequently in recent years, probably as a result of improved diagnostic methods.

Description : Cold sores and genital herpes can be caused by a. HSV-1. b. HHV-6. c. VZV. d. HHV-8

Last Answer : a. HSV-1.

Description : Genital Herpes is caused by Herpes Simplex Virus

Last Answer : type –1 and type – 2.

Description : Which of the following oncogenic viruses was first detected? A.Rous sarcoma virus. B.Epstein-Barr virus C.Herpes simplex virus type 2 D.Human T cell leukaemia virus

Last Answer : A.Rous sarcoma virus.

Description : The causative micro organism for Herpetic gingivostomatitis is: A. Herpes simplex bacteria B. Herpes simplex virus C. Herpes zoster virus D. Borrelia vincentii

Last Answer : B. Herpes simplex virus

Description : Choose the correct statement about famciclovir: A. It is active against acyclovir resistant strains of herpes simplex virus B. It does not need conversion to an active metabolite C. It is used orally to treat genital herpes simplex D. It is the drug of choice for cytomegalovirus retinitis

Last Answer : C. It is used orally to treat genital herpes simplex

Description : Which of the following viruses is most susceptible to acyclovir: A. Herpes simplex type I virus B. Herpes simplex type II virus C. Varicella-zoster virus D. Epstein-Barr virus

Last Answer : A. Herpes simplex type I virus

Description : What is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction? a) Adhesions Adhesions are scar tissue that forms as a result of inflammation and infection. b) Hernias Hernias are one of the second most ... d) Volvulus Volvulus (twisting of the bowel) is a less common cause of small bowel obstruction.

Last Answer : a) Adhesions Adhesions are scar tissue that forms as a result of inflammation and infection.

Description : The nurse teaches the patient with allergies about anaphylaxis including which of the following statements? a) The most common cause of anaphylaxis is penicillin. The most common ... 30 minutes of exposure involving cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and integumentary organ systems.

Last Answer : a) The most common cause of anaphylaxis is penicillin. The most common cause of anaphylaxis, accounting for about 75% of fatal anaphylactic reactions in the U.S., is penicillin.

Description : Which of the following statements reflects the nursing management of the patient with West Nile Virus infection? There is no treatment for West Nile Virus infection. Patients are supported by fluid replacement ... the virus to animals and humans. There is no human-to-human transmission of virus.

Last Answer : a) The incubation period is three to five days. The incubation period (from mosquito bite until onset of symptoms) is between 5–15 days.

Description : The paradigm that explains the cause of illness as an imbalance in the forces of nature is the a) holistic perspective. The naturalist or holistic perspective believes that health exists when ... events as cause and effect and incorporates the bacterial or viral explanation of communicable disease.

Last Answer : a) holistic perspective. The naturalist or holistic perspective believes that health exists when all aspects of a persona are in perfect balance or harmony.

Description : Damage from ________ is the major cause of liver transplants in the US, alcohol and drug use are cofactors. a. hepatitis A b. hepatitis B c. hepatitis C d. herpes simplex I

Last Answer : c. hepatitis C

Description : Which of the following states is characterized by a decline in intellectual functioning? a) Dementia Dementia is an acquired syndrome in which progressive deterioration in global intellectual abilities is of ... is often called acute confusional state. d) Delusion Delusion is a symptom of psychoses.

Last Answer : a) Dementia Dementia is an acquired syndrome in which progressive deterioration in global intellectual abilities is of such severity that it interferes with the person’s customary occupational and social performance.

Description : Which of the follow statements provides accurate information regarding cancer of the colon and rectum? a) Cancer of the colon and rectum is the second most common type of internal cancer in the ... colon cancer. Colon cancer occurrence is higher in people with a family history of colon cancer.

Last Answer : a) Cancer of the colon and rectum is the second most common type of internal cancer in the United States. Cancer of the colon and rectum is the second most common type of internal cancer in the United States.

Description : The most common symptom of esophageal disease is a) dysphagia. This symptom may vary from an uncomfortable feeling that a bolus of food is caught in the upper esophagus to acute pain on ... have a variety of causes. d) odynophagia. Odynophagia refers specifically to acute pain on swallowing.

Last Answer : a) dysphagia. This symptom may vary from an uncomfortable feeling that a bolus of food is caught in the upper esophagus to acute pain on swallowing.

Description : Ganciclovir is mainly used for the treatment of infection caused by (A) Cytomegalovirus (B) Candida albicans (C) Herpes zoster virus (D) Hepatitis B virus

Last Answer : Ans. A & C

Description : Which one of the following groups of diseases spreads through mosquito bites among humans? (a) Malaria, filariasis, poliomyelitis (b) Ancylostomiasis, ringworm, dengue fever (c) Dengue fever, viral encephalitis, yellow fever (d) Filariasis, malaria, ascariasis

Last Answer : Ans:(c)

Description : Neutrophilia is most frequently seen in association with which of the following? C A. Allergic dermatitis B. Fungal esophagitis C. Bacterial pneumonia D. Viral encephalitis

Last Answer : Bacterial pneumonia

Description : Virus infected cells produce a set of cytokine proteins called _____ that "alert" surrounding cells to the viral threat. a. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) b. Interferon. c. Toll Like Receptors (TLR) d. Acute Phase Proteins

Last Answer : b. Interferon.

Description : If a fibrinolytic drug is used for treatment of acute myocardial infarction, the adverse drug effect that is most likely to occur is (a) Acute renal failure (b) Development of antiplatelet antibodies (c) Encephalitis secondary to liver dysfunction (d) Hemorrhagic stroke (e) Neutropenia

Last Answer : Ans: D

Description : At which stage of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS? (a) Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person (b) When the infected retro virus enters host cells (c) ... large number of helper T  - lymphocytes (d) When the viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase

Last Answer : (c) When HIV damages large number of helper T  - lymphocytes

Description : Which one of the following statements about interferon is FALSE? a. Interferon is produced in response to a viral infection. b. Interferon is a naturally produced protein. c. Interferon puts uninfected cells in an antiviral state. d. Interferon is a protein that binds to RNA virus genomes.

Last Answer : d. Interferon is a protein that binds to RNA virus genomes.

Description : Tissue tropism refers to a. what tissues grow due to a viral infection. b. what tissues are resistant to viral infection. c. what organisms a virus infects. d. what cells or tissues a virus infects.

Last Answer : d. what cells or tissues a virus infects.

Description : Most skin conditions related to HIV disease may be helped primarily by a) highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The goals of all HIV-related conditions include improvement of CD4 count and ... for the overall treatment of HIV disease; it is not specific for treatment of skin conditions.

Last Answer : a) highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The goals of all HIV-related conditions include improvement of CD4 count and lowering of viral load. Initiation of HAART (highly active ... conditions related to HIV disease. Symptomatic relief will be required until the skin condition improves.

Description : The term used to define the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is a) viral set point The viral set point is the balance between the amount of HIV in the ... rate The amount of virus in circulation and the number of infected cells equals the rate of viral clearance.

Last Answer : a) viral set point The viral set point is the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response.

Description : Proteins formed when cells are exposed to viral or foreign agents that are capable of activating other components of the immune system are referred to as a) interferons. Interferons are biologic ... series of enzymatic proteins in the serum that, when activated, destroy bacteria and other cells.

Last Answer : a) interferons. Interferons are biologic response modifiers with nonspecific viricidal proteins.

Description : Which of the following community-acquired pneumonias demonstrates the highest occurrence during summer and fall? a) Legionnaires' disease Legionnaires' disease accounts for 15% of community-acquired ... . d) Viral pneumonia Viral pneumonia demonstrates the greatest incidence during winter months.

Last Answer : a) Legionnaires’ disease Legionnaires’ disease accounts for 15% of community-acquired pneumonias.

Description : The most common cause of fatal transfusion reactions is: A. An allergic reaction. B. An anaphylactoid reaction. C. A clerical error. D. An acute bacterial infection transmitted in blood.

Last Answer : Answer: C DISCUSSION: The most common cause of fatalities related to transfusion reactions result from ABO-incompatible transfusion related to clerical error. Most such reactions occur if a ... with platelet concentrates maintained at or near room temperature. Fortunately, such reactions are rare

Description : Is it herpes simplex?

Last Answer : answer:I realize that you went to the hospital…but, I’d get a second and/or third opinion. Don’t infectious disease folks get into this? I’m not an expert…haven’t seen this ever.

Description : what exactly are canker sores? a variation of cold sores? ie herpes simplex?

Last Answer : Canker sores are merely ulcers in your mouth, not caused by herpes simplex

Description : Herpes simplex?

Last Answer : DefinitionHerpes simplex is a viral infection that mainly affects the mouth or genital area.Causes, incidence, and risk factorsThere are two strains of herpes simplex viruses:Herpes simplex virus type ... HSV-1. The likelihood of childhood infection is higher among those with lower socioeconomic st

Description : Which of the following infections is also known as ringworm? A. folliculitis B. herpes simplex C. impetigo D. tinea corporis

Last Answer : Ans: D

Description : Which of the following can be prevented by a vaccine? a. hepatitis A b. hepatitis B c. hepatitis C d. herpes simplex I

Last Answer : c. hepatitis C