Write the advantages & disadvantages of an evaporating pan

1 Answer

Answer :

Advantages:

 • It is simple and cheap to construction.

 • Easy to clean and maintain.

 • Economical.

 Disadvantages:

 • Poor coefficient of heat transfer.

 • Heating surface is limited.

 • Not suitable for concentration of thermolabile material.

 • Evaporating pan is open so vapour cause discomfort to the worker.

Related questions

Description : Describe the construction and working of evaporating pan with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Construction:  i. It consists of a hemispherical pan made from copper or stainless steel and surrounded by a steam jacket. ii. Hemispherical shape provides large surface area for evaporation. iii. ... . iv. After evaporation remove the product from product outlet. Diagram:

Description : Explain in detail evaporating still with its advantage and disadvantages.

Last Answer : It consist of a hemispherical pan made from copper or stainless steel. It is surrounded by a steam jacket. Still is covered from top and connected to condenser. Hemispherical shape ... heat transfer is poor. Heating surface is limited. Not suitable for thermolabile material.

Description : What are advantages of evaporating still?

Last Answer : It is simple to construct. Easy to clean and maintain. The vapors are condensed in it. It increases the speed of evaporation and the costly solvent can be recovered. E.g. ethyl alcohol ... to the operator. A vacuum pump can be fitted to the condenser for operation under reduced pressure.

Description : Write the advantages and disadvantages of glass as a material for packaging. Merits of Glass container

Last Answer : Economical. Available in variety of sizes and shapes.  Chemically inert, impermeable, strong and rigid. Does not deteriorate with age. Easy to label. Excellent barrier against light. ... easy to break. Heavy, Bulky to carry. Leaching and absorption of alkalis. Flak formation

Description : Write advantages and disadvantages of plastic as a material for container and state its type.

Last Answer : Advantages: 1. Light in weight and can be handled easily. 2. Poor conductor of heat. 3. Sufficient mechanical strength. 4. Transported easily. 5. Unbreakable. 6. Available in various shapes ... (PVC) Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Polypropylene (PP) Polystyrene (PS) Polyester (PES) etc.

Description : Write advantages and disadvantages of tablets.

Last Answer : Advantages of tablets: 1. Easy to administered. 2. Easy to dispense. 3. More stable. 4. Accuracy in dose. 5. Bitter and nauseous substance can be easily dispensed. 6. ... remove bitter and unpleasant taste. v) Swallowing is difficult especially for children and ill (unconscious) patients.

Description : Write the advantages and disadvantages of fluidised bed dryer. 

Last Answer : Advantages: i. It give high drying rate. ii. Suitable for thermolabile material. iii. Drying takes place of individual particles. iv. Temperature can be controlled. v. Prevent the ... : i. Turbulence produces cause attrition of particles. ii. Movement can generate electrical charges. 

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of aerosol container and give its advantages and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Diagram of aerosol container Advantages:   1. Medicament can be delivered directly to affected areas. 2. Absence of air prevents oxidation. 3. Hydrolysis of medicament prevented ... on injured skin. 4. Difficulties occurred during formulation when drug not soluble in propellants.

Description : Define tablet as a dosage form along with advantages and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Definition:  Tablets are solid unit dosage form containing medicament or medicaments usually circular in shape and may be flat or biconvex. Advantages:   1. Easy to administered. 2. Easy to ... . 4. Bioavailability is low. 5. Bitter- tasting drugs, moisture sensetive drugs requires coating.

Description : Define capsule as a dosage form along with its advantages and disadvantages. 

Last Answer : Definition: Capsule: Capsules are a solid unit dosage form in which the drug substances are enclosed in a water soluble shell or an envelope. Advantages of capsules:  1. Drugs ... 2. Concentrated preparation which needs dilution before administration cannot be given in form of capsule.

Description : Explain the working, advantages and disadvantages of any one mill based on the principle of combined impact and attrition?

Last Answer : which of the following mill works on the principle of combined impact and attrition

Description : Define Aerosols. What are advantages and disadvantages of Aerosols?

Last Answer : Aerosols may be defined as disperse phase system in which very fine solid particles or liquid droplet gets dispersed in the gases which act as continuous phase. These are pressured packages. ... to injured skin. 4. Difficulties occurred during formulation when drug not soluble in propellants. 

Description : Give advantages and disadvantages of glass as a material used for pharmaceutical container and state its types.

Last Answer : Advantages:   Economical. Available in variety of sizes and shapes. Chemically inert, impermeable, strong and rigid. Does not deteriorate with age. Easy to label. Excellent barrier against light. ... -lime glass or Alkali glass (Type-III). 4. General Purpose soda-lime glass (Type-IV).

Description : Give advantages, disadvantages and applications of sterilization by ionising radiation.

Last Answer : Advantages: The method is reliable and can be accurately controlled No degradation of media during sterilization, thus it can be used for thermally labile media Gamma rays have ... Bones and tissue transplant, plastic tubing, catheters and sutures. Sterilization of thermolabile medicaments. 

Description : Mention advantages and disadvantages of plastic containers.

Last Answer : Advantages:   1. Light in weight and can be handled easily. 2. Poor conductor of heat. 3. Sufficient mechanical strength. 4. Transported easily. 5. Unbreakable. 6. Available in various ... as preservatives. 5. Relatively expensive. 6. Special type of gum or adhesive required for labelling.

Description : Write construction and disadvantages of short tube evaporator.

Last Answer : Construction:   It consists of number of tubes which are from 1 to 2 meters in length and from 40- 80 mm in diameter. About 1000 tubes are fitted in a vessel upto 2.5 meter or ... It is quite complicated and expensive in construction. 2. Difficult to clean. 3. Maintenance is costly.

Description : Write the disadvantages of formaldehyde gas when used for sterilization.

Last Answer : i. Weak penetration power. ii. Difficult to maintain high conc. iii. Require high humidity for effectiveness. iv. Readily inactivated. v. Irritant to respiratory tract. vi. Difficult to remove adsorbed gas. 

Description : Write any three qualities of packaging material and any three disadvantages of glass as a material for packaging. 

Last Answer : Qualities of packaging material i. Neutral ii. No interaction. iii. Stability against environmental factor. iv. Withstand wear and tear during handling. v. Withstand changes in pressure and ... aqueous preparations, 4) Flaking and weathering of glass are two serious issues related to glass.

Description : Write the advantages of microencapsulation and list different methods of microencapsulation.

Last Answer : Advantages of microencapsulation:  1. To mask the bitter taste of drugs like Paracetamol, Nitrofurantoin etc. 2. To reduce gastric and other gastro intestinal (G.I) tract irritations, ... 4) Electrostatic Deposition 5) Vacuum deposition 6) Polymerization 7) Multiorific Centrifugal Process.

Description : Define Menstrum and Marc. Write the advantages of alcohol as menstrum.

Last Answer : Menstrum :-Solvent used to extract the drug. Marc:-The drug residue which remains behind after extraction. Advantages of alcohol as menstrum   i) The mould and bacteria cannot grow ... is required to concentrate the alcoholic preparations. v) It dissolves selective active ingredients of drugs.

Description : Write advantages of water as solvent for extraction

Last Answer : • It is cheap & easily available. • Non –toxic • Non inflammable. • It has wide solvent action 

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of filter candle. Give its working and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Diagram : Working  : The filter candle is placed in a vessel containing the liquid to be filtered. When vacuum is applied, the pressure inside the candle is decreased. Due to ... Disadvantages   1. Chance of clogging/blocking. 2. Traces of material may come in the solution.

Description : Give disadvantages of glass.

Last Answer : Disadvantages: Fragile, easy to break. Heavy, Bulky to carry. Leaching and absorption of alkalis. Flake formation

Description : Explain principle of freeze drying. Give its advantages.

Last Answer : Principle:  i. The material is frozen in a suitable container connected to a high vacuum system, so that the vapour pressure of water is reduced to less than that of material being dried. ii. ... it is properly sealed in an inert atmosphere. vii. The sterility of the product can be maintained. 

Description : What are advantages of liquid dosage form? 

Last Answer : i) Usually faster acting than the solid dosage forms ii) Maybe easier to take than an oral solid dosage form for patients having difficulty in swallowing tablets or capsules. iii) More ... practical to administer than solid dosage forms for specific patient cases. v) Good patient compliance.

Description : Define microencapsulation.What are its advantages and different techniques involved in it?

Last Answer : Microencapsulation : it is the technique in which a thin coating is applied on the particles of solids, liquids, resulting in the formation of micro-capsules ranging from micron to ... 4) Electrostatic Deposition 5) Vacuum deposition 6) Polymerization 7) Multiorific Centrifugal Process.

Description : What are advantages of water as menstruum for extraction? 

Last Answer : • It is cheap & easily available. • Non –toxic • Non inflammable. • It has wide solvent action.

Description : Explain the working of ball mill with a well labeled diagram and give any two advantages

Last Answer : Working:   The drug to be ground is put into the cylinder of the mill and is rotated. The speed of the rotation is very different. At low speed, the mass of balls will slide or roll over each other ... for batch as well as continuous grinding vi)can be used for dry as well as wet grinding.

Description : Write the official standards of powder.

Last Answer : i. Coarse powder: A powder of which all particles pass through sieve no 10 with nominal aperture size 1.7mm and not more than 40% pass through sieve no 44 with nominal aperture size 355um.  ii. ... powder: A powder of which all particles pass through sieve no 120 with nominal aperture size 125 um.

Description : Write special application of capsule. 

Last Answer : Applications of capsule:  1. Enteric coated capsule: These capsules do not disintegrate in stomach (Acidic Medium) but break up in intestine (Alkaline medium). On commercial scale, a coating ... gelatine commonly used Capsule punctured by using sterile needle and then instilled into the eye.

Description : Write the working of filter press with well labelled diagram.

Last Answer : Working:  1. The slurry is pumped in under positive pressure up to 20 bar and fill each frame. 2. The filtrate passes through the cloths on opposite sides of the frame and runs down between the ... 6. Thickness of cake can be varied by using frame of different thickness. Diagram: 

Description : Write the main objectives of mixing.

Last Answer : Objectives of mixing:  i. To form uniform mixture.  ii. To promote chemical reaction.  iii. Dispersion of solid particles in liquid.  iv. Dispersion of two immiscible liquids.

Description : Write reasons and remedies for “ Capping” 

Last Answer : Reasons:   Excessive fine. Defective punch and die. High speed of machine. Granules too dried. Remedies:  Setting the die and punch properly. Reduce % of fine. Punches ... Maintain the desire moisture in granules. Maintain the speed at optimum. Regulate the pressure of punches.

Description : Define The term Clarification. Write the working of filter candle with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Clarification:-  When solids are present in a very small proportion i.e. not exceeding 1.0 % the process of its separation from liquid, is called clarification. Working :-   1) These are ... the candle & gets collected inside the candle from where it is removed. Diagram :

Description : Write short note on any one i. BCG Vaccine : ii. Silverson mixer homogenizer:

Last Answer : 1. BCG vaccine: It is freeze- dried preparation containing live culture of the bacillus Calmette and Guerin strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Method of preparation : The bacilli are grown on a ... Use: Useful for the preparation of fine emulsion and suspension. Diagram:

Description : Write the principle, construction, working and uses of the disintegrator.

Last Answer : Principle: The Disintegrator works on the principle of impact.  Construction:  The Disintegrator consists of steel drum having a shaft in the centre. The shaft contains a disc, on which four beaters are ... Use:   This mill is used to powder all types of drugs including very hard drugs.

Description : Define ‘Homogenisation’. Write the principle of homogenisation. Write in detail about ‘Colloidal Mill’.

Last Answer : Homogenization is the process of preparing fine emulsion from a coarse emulsion by converting the large globules in to small globules. Principle: These work on the principal of braking large ... thus reduced to fine particle size The material is thrown outward due to centrifugal action

Description : Why plastic containers are more commonly used now a days? Write its demerits.

Last Answer : Plastic containers are more commonly used now a days for following advantages: 1.They are light in weight and can be handled easily 2.They are poor conductor of heat . 3.They have sufficient ... solution. 5.They are relatively expensive. 6.Special type of gum or adhesive required for labelling.

Description : Write in brief about Mantous test.

Last Answer : A dose of 5 tuberculin units of old tuberculin or an equivalent dose of PPD is injected intradermally. After 48 to 72 hours the reaction of the test is observed at the site of the injection. ... than 5 mm is interpreted as a negative. The presence of erythema without induration is not significant.

Description : Write in detail about moist heat method of sterilization

Last Answer : Principle: The steam has more penetration power than dry heat and thermal capacity of steam is more than thermal capacity of dry heat. The method is useful for killing of bacterial spores. ... for powder or oils. It is not suitable for sterilization of plastic which melt at 1150C.

Description : Write the applications of spray drier.

Last Answer : Spray drier can be used for drying of: 1) Any substance in solution or suspension 2) Thermolabile substances, 3) Extracts, gelatin citric acid, 4) Soaps and detergents also can be dried using spray drier.

Description : Write the importance of particle size reduction in pharmacy.

Last Answer : Can be listed as follows: i) Increase the rate of solution. ii) Increase the rate of penetration of solvent. iii) It helps in uniform mixing of drugs. iv) It increases the rate of absorption. v) Smaller the particles slower the rate of sedimentation. Thus stable the suspension.

Description : Define the term ‘Closures’. Write in detail about different types of closures commonly used in pharmaceutical industry.

Last Answer : CLOSURES are devices by means of which containers can be opened and closed. TYPES OF CLOSURES WITH EXAMPLES: 1. Plug type - It is a push-fit into the neck of the container. E.g. cork ... and paper impregnated with a suitable resin, wax or plastic. E.g. Caps of pharmaceutical liquid dosage forms.

Description : Write the salient features of third edition of Indian Pharmacopoeia

Last Answer : Salient Features III Edition 1985: i. New analytical techniques such as flame photometry, Flurometry, have been introduced as official method for certain chemical analysis. ii. Dissolution test has ... the new drug which came into use after the publication of first addendum to third edition.

Description : Write importance of dosage form.

Last Answer : Transformation of drug into dosage forms is done for the following reasons: 1. To protect the drug substance from oxidation, hydrolysis and reduction. Eg. Coated tablets and sealed ampoules. ... . Many dosage forms can be easily identified from their distinct colour, shape or identifying markings.

Description : What are different types of vaccines? Write method of preparation of small pox vaccine.

Last Answer : There are 4 main types of vaccines: Live-attenuated vaccines Inactivated vaccines Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines Toxoid vaccines Small pox vaccine ... to produce homogenized suspension. ↓ Transfer to suitable sterile container and freeze dried

Description : Write the applications of drying.

Last Answer : i. It is used in manufacturing of granules. ii. It reduces the bulk and weight of the material. iii. It helps in preservation of crude drug. iv. It helps in size reduction of crude drug. v. It is used in the drying of aluminium hydroxide. vi. It controls the moisture level in solids.

Description : Write in detail about modified percolation process. 

Last Answer : Modified Percolation: In percolation process for tinctures drug\ percolate (d/p) ratio is 1:4.The drug/percolate ratio is reduced to 1:3 by modifying percolation process. Thus saves lot of heat, ... evaporated and then mixed with main percolate.  Final volume is made by adding more menstrum. 

Description : Write the qualities of an ideal filter aids. Give examples of filter aid.

Last Answer : Ideal qualities of filter aid: i. It should be remain suspended in the liquid. ii. It should be free from impurities. iii. It should be inert. iv. It should have a particle size distribution ... ii. Cellulose. iii. Carbon. iv. Diatomaceous earth (silica). v.Perlite. vi.Activated Charcoal

Description : Define ‘Viscosity’. Write the applications in Pharmacy.

Last Answer : Defination of Viscosity: It is the property of liquid to resistance to flow. Applications of Viscosity in Pharmacy: i.Viscosity plays an important role in the stability of emulsions ... certain liquid preparations is increased in order to improve pourability or to make preparation more palatable.