Write the official standards of powder.

Write the official standards of powder.
by

1 Answer

Answer :

i. Coarse powder: A powder of which all particles pass through sieve no 10 with nominal aperture size 1.7mm and not more than 40% pass through sieve no 44 with nominal aperture size 355um. 

ii. Moderately Coarse powder: A powder of which all particles pass through sieve no 22 with nominal aperture size 710um and not more than 40% pass through sieve no 60 with nominal aperture size 250um. 

iii. Moderately fine powder: A powder of which all particles pass through sieve no 44 with nominal aperture size 355um and not more than 40% pass through sieve no 85 with nominal aperture size 180um. 

iv. Fine powder: A powder of which all particles pass through sieve no 85 with nominal aperture size 180 um. 

v. Very fine powder: A powder of which all particles pass through sieve no 120 with nominal aperture size 125 um.
by

Related questions

Why capsule are preferred to powder.

Description : Why capsule are preferred to powder.

Last Answer : Drug with unpleasant taste and odor can be administered. Very smooth and slippery. Economical. Easy to handle. Made of gelatin, hence inert. Attractive in appearance. Available in various sizes.

Define size separation. How will you grade the powder according to IP 1985.

Description : Define size separation. How will you grade the powder according to IP 1985.

Last Answer : Definition:- It is technique used to separate particles of specified size. Different grades of power according to I.P 1985. 1) Coarse powder-it is the powder of which all the practices pass through ... sieve no 85 5)Very fine powder-it is powder of which all particles pass through sieve no.120

What should be the properties of powder to be filled in hard gelatine capsule?

Description : What should be the properties of powder to be filled in hard gelatine capsule?

Last Answer : Properties of powder: Flow property of powders depends upon followings: 1. Particle size.: Uniform 2. Particle shape.: Spherical 3. Density: same density 4. Surface texture: smooth 5. Angle of ... is 250. The powder does not flow smoothly, if angle of repose is more than 500. 

Mention official and unofficial evaluation test for tablets. Describe weight variation test.

Description : Mention official and unofficial evaluation test for tablets. Describe weight variation test. 

Last Answer : Official test list: 1. Size and shape of tablet. 2. Appearance. 3. Content of active ingredient. 4. Uniformity of weight/weight variation test 5. Uniformity of content 6. ... the percentage deviation given in the table and none should deviate by more than twice that percentage.

Define Pharmacopoeia. List official books used in India.

Description : Define Pharmacopoeia. List official books used in India. 

Last Answer : Defination: Pharmakon means a drug and poeia means to make . Pharmacopoeia is defined as a compressive book which is issued under the authority of government and contains a list of drug ...  v) International Pharmacopeia  vi) Japanese Pharmacopoeia (J.P.)  vii) Martindale Extra Pharmacopoeia 

Discuss different official grades of powders according to I.P. 2010

Description : Discuss different official grades of powders according to I.P. 2010

Last Answer : According to IP 2010 official grades of powders are as follows: i. Coarse powder: A powder of which all particles pass through sieve no 10 with nominal aperture size 1.7mm and not more than 40% pass ... powder: A powder of which not less than 90% by weight of particles are less than 10 µm.

Define sieve number and enlist standards for sieves as per IP.

Description : Define sieve number and enlist standards for sieves as per IP.

Last Answer : Sieve Number:  It is the number of mesh in 2.54cm transverse direction parallel to wire. According to I.P standards for sieves are as follows  Approximate sieve number Nominal mesh ... size According to I.P. sieves must confirm the above mentioned specifications for the given sieve number.

Name the various standards of sieves.

Description : Name the various standards of sieves.

Last Answer : According to I.P. standards for sieves are as follows I .Approximate sieve number ii. Nominal mesh aperture size iii. Approximate percentage of sieving area iv. Tolerance average aperture size  According to I.P. sieves must confirm the above mentioned specifications for the given sieve number. 

Write special application of capsule.

Description : Write special application of capsule. 

Last Answer : Applications of capsule:  1. Enteric coated capsule: These capsules do not disintegrate in stomach (Acidic Medium) but break up in intestine (Alkaline medium). On commercial scale, a coating ... gelatine commonly used Capsule punctured by using sterile needle and then instilled into the eye.

Write the advantages and disadvantages of glass as a material for packaging. Merits of Glass container

Description : Write the advantages and disadvantages of glass as a material for packaging. Merits of Glass container

Last Answer : Economical. Available in variety of sizes and shapes.  Chemically inert, impermeable, strong and rigid. Does not deteriorate with age. Easy to label. Excellent barrier against light. ... easy to break. Heavy, Bulky to carry. Leaching and absorption of alkalis. Flak formation

Write the working of filter press with well labelled diagram.

Description : Write the working of filter press with well labelled diagram.

Last Answer : Working:  1. The slurry is pumped in under positive pressure up to 20 bar and fill each frame. 2. The filtrate passes through the cloths on opposite sides of the frame and runs down between the ... 6. Thickness of cake can be varied by using frame of different thickness. Diagram: 

Write the main objectives of mixing.

Description : Write the main objectives of mixing.

Last Answer : Objectives of mixing:  i. To form uniform mixture.  ii. To promote chemical reaction.  iii. Dispersion of solid particles in liquid.  iv. Dispersion of two immiscible liquids.

Write advantages and disadvantages of plastic as a material for container and state its type.

Description : Write advantages and disadvantages of plastic as a material for container and state its type.

Last Answer : Advantages: 1. Light in weight and can be handled easily. 2. Poor conductor of heat. 3. Sufficient mechanical strength. 4. Transported easily. 5. Unbreakable. 6. Available in various shapes ... (PVC) Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) Polypropylene (PP) Polystyrene (PS) Polyester (PES) etc.

Write reasons and remedies for “ Capping”

Description : Write reasons and remedies for “ Capping” 

Last Answer : Reasons:   Excessive fine. Defective punch and die. High speed of machine. Granules too dried. Remedies:  Setting the die and punch properly. Reduce % of fine. Punches ... Maintain the desire moisture in granules. Maintain the speed at optimum. Regulate the pressure of punches.

Define The term Clarification. Write the working of filter candle with neat diagram.

Description : Define The term Clarification. Write the working of filter candle with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Clarification:-  When solids are present in a very small proportion i.e. not exceeding 1.0 % the process of its separation from liquid, is called clarification. Working :-   1) These are ... the candle & gets collected inside the candle from where it is removed. Diagram :

Write short note on any one i. BCG Vaccine : ii. Silverson mixer homogenizer:

Description : Write short note on any one i. BCG Vaccine : ii. Silverson mixer homogenizer:

Last Answer : 1. BCG vaccine: It is freeze- dried preparation containing live culture of the bacillus Calmette and Guerin strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Method of preparation : The bacilli are grown on a ... Use: Useful for the preparation of fine emulsion and suspension. Diagram:

Write the principle, construction, working and uses of the disintegrator.

Description : Write the principle, construction, working and uses of the disintegrator.

Last Answer : Principle: The Disintegrator works on the principle of impact.  Construction:  The Disintegrator consists of steel drum having a shaft in the centre. The shaft contains a disc, on which four beaters are ... Use:   This mill is used to powder all types of drugs including very hard drugs.

Define ‘Homogenisation’. Write the principle of homogenisation. Write in detail about ‘Colloidal Mill’.

Description : Define ‘Homogenisation’. Write the principle of homogenisation. Write in detail about ‘Colloidal Mill’.

Last Answer : Homogenization is the process of preparing fine emulsion from a coarse emulsion by converting the large globules in to small globules. Principle: These work on the principal of braking large ... thus reduced to fine particle size The material is thrown outward due to centrifugal action

Why plastic containers are more commonly used now a days? Write its demerits.

Description : Why plastic containers are more commonly used now a days? Write its demerits.

Last Answer : Plastic containers are more commonly used now a days for following advantages: 1.They are light in weight and can be handled easily 2.They are poor conductor of heat . 3.They have sufficient ... solution. 5.They are relatively expensive. 6.Special type of gum or adhesive required for labelling.

Write in brief about Mantous test.

Description : Write in brief about Mantous test.

Last Answer : A dose of 5 tuberculin units of old tuberculin or an equivalent dose of PPD is injected intradermally. After 48 to 72 hours the reaction of the test is observed at the site of the injection. ... than 5 mm is interpreted as a negative. The presence of erythema without induration is not significant.

Write in detail about moist heat method of sterilization

Description : Write in detail about moist heat method of sterilization

Last Answer : Principle: The steam has more penetration power than dry heat and thermal capacity of steam is more than thermal capacity of dry heat. The method is useful for killing of bacterial spores. ... for powder or oils. It is not suitable for sterilization of plastic which melt at 1150C.

Write the advantages & disadvantages of an evaporating pan

Description : Write the advantages & disadvantages of an evaporating pan

Last Answer : Advantages:   It is simple and cheap to construction.   Easy to clean and maintain.   Economical.  Disadvantages:   Poor coefficient of heat transfer.   Heating surface is ... concentration of thermolabile material.   Evaporating pan is open so vapour cause discomfort to the worker.

Write advantages and disadvantages of tablets.

Description : Write advantages and disadvantages of tablets.

Last Answer : Advantages of tablets: 1. Easy to administered. 2. Easy to dispense. 3. More stable. 4. Accuracy in dose. 5. Bitter and nauseous substance can be easily dispensed. 6. ... remove bitter and unpleasant taste. v) Swallowing is difficult especially for children and ill (unconscious) patients.

Write the applications of spray drier.

Description : Write the applications of spray drier.

Last Answer : Spray drier can be used for drying of: 1) Any substance in solution or suspension 2) Thermolabile substances, 3) Extracts, gelatin citric acid, 4) Soaps and detergents also can be dried using spray drier.

Write the importance of particle size reduction in pharmacy.

Description : Write the importance of particle size reduction in pharmacy.

Last Answer : Can be listed as follows: i) Increase the rate of solution. ii) Increase the rate of penetration of solvent. iii) It helps in uniform mixing of drugs. iv) It increases the rate of absorption. v) Smaller the particles slower the rate of sedimentation. Thus stable the suspension.

Define the term ‘Closures’. Write in detail about different types of closures commonly used in pharmaceutical industry.

Description : Define the term ‘Closures’. Write in detail about different types of closures commonly used in pharmaceutical industry.

Last Answer : CLOSURES are devices by means of which containers can be opened and closed. TYPES OF CLOSURES WITH EXAMPLES: 1. Plug type - It is a push-fit into the neck of the container. E.g. cork ... and paper impregnated with a suitable resin, wax or plastic. E.g. Caps of pharmaceutical liquid dosage forms.

Write the salient features of third edition of Indian Pharmacopoeia

Description : Write the salient features of third edition of Indian Pharmacopoeia

Last Answer : Salient Features III Edition 1985: i. New analytical techniques such as flame photometry, Flurometry, have been introduced as official method for certain chemical analysis. ii. Dissolution test has ... the new drug which came into use after the publication of first addendum to third edition.

Write importance of dosage form.

Description : Write importance of dosage form.

Last Answer : Transformation of drug into dosage forms is done for the following reasons: 1. To protect the drug substance from oxidation, hydrolysis and reduction. Eg. Coated tablets and sealed ampoules. ... . Many dosage forms can be easily identified from their distinct colour, shape or identifying markings.

What are different types of vaccines? Write method of preparation of small pox vaccine.

Description : What are different types of vaccines? Write method of preparation of small pox vaccine.

Last Answer : There are 4 main types of vaccines: Live-attenuated vaccines Inactivated vaccines Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines Toxoid vaccines Small pox vaccine ... to produce homogenized suspension. ↓ Transfer to suitable sterile container and freeze dried

Write the advantages and disadvantages of fluidised bed dryer.

Description : Write the advantages and disadvantages of fluidised bed dryer. 

Last Answer : Advantages: i. It give high drying rate. ii. Suitable for thermolabile material. iii. Drying takes place of individual particles. iv. Temperature can be controlled. v. Prevent the ... : i. Turbulence produces cause attrition of particles. ii. Movement can generate electrical charges. 

Write the applications of drying.

Description : Write the applications of drying.

Last Answer : i. It is used in manufacturing of granules. ii. It reduces the bulk and weight of the material. iii. It helps in preservation of crude drug. iv. It helps in size reduction of crude drug. v. It is used in the drying of aluminium hydroxide. vi. It controls the moisture level in solids.

Write in detail about modified percolation process.

Description : Write in detail about modified percolation process. 

Last Answer : Modified Percolation: In percolation process for tinctures drug\ percolate (d/p) ratio is 1:4.The drug/percolate ratio is reduced to 1:3 by modifying percolation process. Thus saves lot of heat, ... evaporated and then mixed with main percolate.  Final volume is made by adding more menstrum. 

Write the qualities of an ideal filter aids. Give examples of filter aid.

Description : Write the qualities of an ideal filter aids. Give examples of filter aid.

Last Answer : Ideal qualities of filter aid: i. It should be remain suspended in the liquid. ii. It should be free from impurities. iii. It should be inert. iv. It should have a particle size distribution ... ii. Cellulose. iii. Carbon. iv. Diatomaceous earth (silica). v.Perlite. vi.Activated Charcoal

Define ‘Viscosity’. Write the applications in Pharmacy.

Description : Define ‘Viscosity’. Write the applications in Pharmacy.

Last Answer : Defination of Viscosity: It is the property of liquid to resistance to flow. Applications of Viscosity in Pharmacy: i.Viscosity plays an important role in the stability of emulsions ... certain liquid preparations is increased in order to improve pourability or to make preparation more palatable.

Write the advantages of microencapsulation and list different methods of microencapsulation.

Description : Write the advantages of microencapsulation and list different methods of microencapsulation.

Last Answer : Advantages of microencapsulation:  1. To mask the bitter taste of drugs like Paracetamol, Nitrofurantoin etc. 2. To reduce gastric and other gastro intestinal (G.I) tract irritations, ... 4) Electrostatic Deposition 5) Vacuum deposition 6) Polymerization 7) Multiorific Centrifugal Process.

Define Menstrum and Marc. Write the advantages of alcohol as menstrum.

Description : Define Menstrum and Marc. Write the advantages of alcohol as menstrum.

Last Answer : Menstrum :-Solvent used to extract the drug. Marc:-The drug residue which remains behind after extraction. Advantages of alcohol as menstrum   i) The mould and bacteria cannot grow ... is required to concentrate the alcoholic preparations. v) It dissolves selective active ingredients of drugs.

Write construction and disadvantages of short tube evaporator.

Description : Write construction and disadvantages of short tube evaporator.

Last Answer : Construction:   It consists of number of tubes which are from 1 to 2 meters in length and from 40- 80 mm in diameter. About 1000 tubes are fitted in a vessel upto 2.5 meter or ... It is quite complicated and expensive in construction. 2. Difficult to clean. 3. Maintenance is costly.

Write the disadvantages of formaldehyde gas when used for sterilization.

Description : Write the disadvantages of formaldehyde gas when used for sterilization.

Last Answer : i. Weak penetration power. ii. Difficult to maintain high conc. iii. Require high humidity for effectiveness. iv. Readily inactivated. v. Irritant to respiratory tract. vi. Difficult to remove adsorbed gas. 

Explain the method of hot percolation process with well labelled diagram and write its limitations.

Description : Explain the method of hot percolation process with well labelled diagram and write its limitations.

Last Answer : Diagram: Procedure :  1) The menstrum is placed in a round bottom flask. 2) The drug to be extracted is packed in a filter paper and placed in the body ... is unsuitable for drugs having thermolabile active constituents such as enzymes, alkaloids, anthraquinone derivatives, esters, etc.

Write the stages involved in sterilization of surgical dressing.

Description : Write the stages involved in sterilization of surgical dressing. 

Last Answer : Stages of sterilisation are: 1) Pack or wrap the unsterilized surgical dressing into a suitable device/perforated container or any packaging material i.e parchment paper. 2) Load this container ... the sterilizer. 5) Containers are labelled with date of sterilization to prevent overload storage.

Write the applications of simple distillation in pharmacy.

Description : Write the applications of simple distillation in pharmacy.

Last Answer : i.It is used for the preparation of distilled water and water for injection. ii. Preparation of many volatile oils and aromatic water. iii. Purification of organic solvent. iv. Preparation ... compound like spirit of aromatic spirit of ammonia. vi. To separate volatile and non-volatile solvents 

Write any three qualities of packaging material and any three disadvantages of glass as a material for packaging.

Description : Write any three qualities of packaging material and any three disadvantages of glass as a material for packaging. 

Last Answer : Qualities of packaging material i. Neutral ii. No interaction. iii. Stability against environmental factor. iv. Withstand wear and tear during handling. v. Withstand changes in pressure and ... aqueous preparations, 4) Flaking and weathering of glass are two serious issues related to glass.

Write the salient features of fourth edition of I.P.

Description : Write the salient features of fourth edition of I.P.

Last Answer : 1. It contains 1149 monographs and 123 appendices and available in two volumes. 2. Introduction of computer generated formula 3. Some titles have been changed to include more commonly accepted ... for vaccines, hormones, blood products. 10. ORS-Citrate formula recommended by WHO introduced.

Write the precautions to be taken while placing the material in hot air oven

Description : Write the precautions to be taken while placing the material in hot air oven

Last Answer : 1. It should be filled to its capacity only should not be overloaded. 2. Glass apparatus and equipment should be wrapped individually. 3. Articles should be placed in such a way that ... Proper biological indicators should be used 7. Thermolabile substance should not be sterilized in hot air oven

Write advantages of water as solvent for extraction

Description : Write advantages of water as solvent for extraction

Last Answer : • It is cheap & easily available. • Non –toxic • Non inflammable. • It has wide solvent action 

Write difference between Hard and Soft gelatin capsules

Description : Write difference between Hard and Soft gelatin capsules

Last Answer : Sr. No.  Hard gelatin capsules  Soft gelatin capsules  1 The hard gelatin capsule shell consists of two parts: Body and cap  The soft gelatin capsule shell becomes a single unit. ... These capsules cannot be adulterated  8 Eg: Amoxycillin Capsule  Eg: Pudin Hara Capsule

Write in brief about special applications of capsules.

Description : Write in brief about special applications of capsules.

Last Answer : Special applications of capsules:  Applications of capsule: 1. Enteric coated capsule: These capsules do not disintegrate in stomach (Acidic Medium) but break up in intestine (Alkaline medium). ... gelatine commonly used Capsule punctured by using sterile needle and then instilled into the eyes

Explain principle and working of fluid energy mill with a diagram.

Description : Explain principle and working of fluid energy mill with a diagram.

Last Answer : Principle  It works on the principle of impact and attrition. Working: The air or inert gas is introduced with a very high pressure through nozzles. Solids are introduced into air stream through inlet. ... 100 mesh and then passed through fluid energy mill. Diagram of fluid energy mill :

Give application of simple distillation. What is the principle of fractional distillation?

Description : Give application of simple distillation. What is the principle of fractional distillation?

Last Answer : Applications of simple distillation:  i. It is used for the preparation of distilled water and water for injection. ii. Preparation of many volatile oils and aromatic water. iii. Purification ... becomes richer with the liquid having the lower boiling point which gets condensed in a condenser. 

Draw a well labelled diagram of aerosol container and give its advantages and disadvantages.

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of aerosol container and give its advantages and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Diagram of aerosol container Advantages:   1. Medicament can be delivered directly to affected areas. 2. Absence of air prevents oxidation. 3. Hydrolysis of medicament prevented ... on injured skin. 4. Difficulties occurred during formulation when drug not soluble in propellants.