Describe the construction and working of evaporating pan with neat diagram.

1 Answer

Answer :

Construction: 

i. It consists of a hemispherical pan made from copper or stainless steel and surrounded by a steam jacket.

ii. Hemispherical shape provides large surface area for evaporation.

iii. It consists of product outlet for fixed evaporating pan.

iv. In other type evaporator is mounted in such a way that they can be tilted.

Working: 

i. Material to be evaporated is filled in pan.

ii. Pass the steam.

iii. Liquid will evaporate.

iv. After evaporation remove the product from product outlet.


Diagram:

image

Related questions

Description : Write the advantages & disadvantages of an evaporating pan

Last Answer : Advantages:   It is simple and cheap to construction.   Easy to clean and maintain.   Economical.  Disadvantages:   Poor coefficient of heat transfer.   Heating surface is ... concentration of thermolabile material.   Evaporating pan is open so vapour cause discomfort to the worker.

Description : Give principle construction and working of hammer mill with neat diagram.

Last Answer : PRINCIPLE: Impact CONSTRUCTION: It consists of a stout metal casing enclosing to which four or more swinging hammer are attached. The lower part of the casing consists of a screen , through which ... are not fixed . The mill can produce coarse to moderately fine powder. DIAGRAM:

Description : Explain working,construction of filter leaf with neat diagram. 

Last Answer : Construction of filter leaf   It consists of metal frame enclosing a wire screen or a grooved plate. The screen is covered by filter cloth which is fitted in frame, to grip the cloth. The frame ... . The cake can be washed by immersing in a vessel containing water or reverse flow of air

Description : Discuss working of ball mill with neat diagram. 

Last Answer : Working: The drug to be ground is put into the cylinder of the mill and is rotated. The speed of the rotation is very different. At low speed, the mass of balls will slide or roll over each other and ... and passed through a sieve to get powder of the required size. Ball mill diagram:   

Description : Define The term Clarification. Write the working of filter candle with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Clarification:-  When solids are present in a very small proportion i.e. not exceeding 1.0 % the process of its separation from liquid, is called clarification. Working :-   1) These are ... the candle & gets collected inside the candle from where it is removed. Diagram :

Description : Explain working of fluid energy mill with a neat diagram.

Last Answer : Working:  1. The material which is to be size reduced is fed in the grinding chamber from the bottom through the feed inlet. 2. The air or inert gas is introduced with a very high pressure through ... particle size to the order of 100# and then passed through fluid energy mill. Diagram:   

Description : Explain in detail evaporating still with its advantage and disadvantages.

Last Answer : It consist of a hemispherical pan made from copper or stainless steel. It is surrounded by a steam jacket. Still is covered from top and connected to condenser. Hemispherical shape ... heat transfer is poor. Heating surface is limited. Not suitable for thermolabile material.

Description : What are advantages of evaporating still?

Last Answer : It is simple to construct. Easy to clean and maintain. The vapors are condensed in it. It increases the speed of evaporation and the costly solvent can be recovered. E.g. ethyl alcohol ... to the operator. A vacuum pump can be fitted to the condenser for operation under reduced pressure.

Description : Explain construction and working of cyclone separator with a well labelled diagram.

Last Answer : Construction:   It consists of cylindrical vessel with a conical base. In upper part of vessel is fitted with a tangential inlet and fluid outlet. At the base it is fitted with solid outlet. ... solids are thrown out to the wall and fall to the conical base for discharge. Diagram  

Description : Describe construction of autoclave with diagram. 

Last Answer : Construction:   It consists of a string metallic chamber usually made of stainless steel. It has a cover fitted with a steam vent, pressure gauze and a safety valve. Rubber gasket is fitted on the inner side ... the stand. The material to be sterilized is loosely packed into it. Diagram:

Description : Describe construction and working of double cone blender.

Last Answer : Diagram: Construction: Double cone blender is made up of stainless steel and is available in different capacity ranging from 5 kg to 200 kg or even more. The efficiency of ... to produce shearing action and design is useful for mixing powders of different densities in small quantities.

Description : Describe construction and working of equipment used for moist heat sterilization. 

Last Answer : Moist heat sterilizer or Autoclave:  Diagram:  Construction:  It consists of a string metallic chamber usually made of stainless steel. It has a cover fitted with a steam vent, pressure gauze ... whole of the steam is removed, the lid is opened and the sterilized material is taken out.

Description : Describe the principle, construction, working and uses of cyclone separator.

Last Answer : Principle: Centrifugal force   Construction-  1) Cyclone separator is size separation device 2) It consists of a cylindrical vessel with a conical base. 3) The upper part of the vessel is fitted ... the suspension of a solid in gas 2. It can be used with liquid suspension of solid

Description : Describe working of FBD with well labelled diagram.

Last Answer : Working of FBD  Two types of FBD are used in pharmaceutical industry. There are: 1. Vertical FBD 2. Horizontal FBD The fluidising air stream is induced by a fan which is mounted in the upper part of ... from 5 kg to 200 kg with an average drying time of about 20- 40 min. Diagram:

Description : Draw a neat labelled diagram showing steam distillation at laboratory scale

Last Answer : labelled diagram showing steam distillation at laboratory scale

Description : With a well labeled diagram explain the construction of Autoclave.

Last Answer : Construction: It consists of a strong metallic chamber usually made of stainless steel.  It has a cover fitted with a steam vent, pressure gauze and a safety valve. Rubber gasket is ... inner chamber is place on the stand. The material to be sterilized is loosely packed into it.

Description : Explain with a neat sketch the working of the apparatus used for distillation on laboratory scale. 

Last Answer : There are two apparatus used for distillation on laboratory scale. 1. Simple apparatus. 2. Still apparatus. Simple apparatus: Working: 1. Water is filled in the round bottom flask. ... level device is fitted in such a way that only heated water free from gases enters the boiler. 

Description : Explain construction and working of “Evaporation Still”

Last Answer : Construction:  It consist of a hemispherical pan made from copper or stainless steel. It is surrounded by a steam jacket. Still is covered from top and connected to the ... liquid is evaporated and condensed into the condenser 4) The product is collected through product outlet.

Description : Write the principle, construction, working and uses of the disintegrator.

Last Answer : Principle: The Disintegrator works on the principle of impact.  Construction:  The Disintegrator consists of steel drum having a shaft in the centre. The shaft contains a disc, on which four beaters are ... Use:   This mill is used to powder all types of drugs including very hard drugs.

Description : Discuss the theory, construction, and working of freeze drying apparatus

Last Answer : Theory: Freeze drying or sublimation drying consists of simply reducing the temperature & pressure to values below the triple point .(4.579mm of Hg& temp. of 0.0099 c) Under these ... . 5. Packing: Biological products are dried packed in aseptic condition immediately after drying.

Description : Explain construction and working of filter candle.

Last Answer : Construction: These are cylindrical candles with an opening, The opening is connected to vacuum pump for reducing pressure under it, durin filtration process. The candles are made up of ... thick wall of the candle & gets collected inside the candle from where it is removed. 

Description : Explain the construction and working of ‘Meta Filter’.

Last Answer : Construction: i. It consists of grooved, drainage rod on which a number of metallic ring are packed. ii. The rings are usually of stainless steel and have 0.8 mm outer thickness, 15 mm inside ... pack of ring act as a base on which the fine filtration medium is supported Diagram: 

Description : Explain the construction and working of cyclone separator.

Last Answer : Construction:   It consists of cylindrical vessel with a conical base. In upper part of vessel is fitted with a tangential inlet and fluid outlet. At the base it is fitted with solid outlet. ... solids are thrown out to the wall and fall to the conical base for discharge. Diagram

Description : Explain the construction and working of silverson mixer homogenizer. 

Last Answer : Construction It consists of emulsified head which is covered with fine meshed stainless steel sieve. The emulsifier head consist of a number of blades which rotates at a very high speed, to produce ... blades. So a fine emulsion is produced which is then expelled out. Diagram:

Description : Explain the construction and working of filter press.

Last Answer : Construction: It consists of alternative plate and frame mounted on two parallel support bars. The pressure can be applied through screw thread so that the plate and frame are rigidly fixed between ... Thickness of cake can be varied by using frame of different thickness. Diagram:

Description : Explain construction and working of ball mill.

Last Answer : Principle: Impact and Attrition. Construction: It consists of a hollow cylinder which is mounted on a metallic frame in such a way that it can be rotated on its longitudinal axis. The cylinder contains ... material is taken out and passed through a sieve to get powder of the required size. 

Description : Explain the construction and working of triple roller mill.

Last Answer : Construction: It consists of 3 rollers. Rollers are made up of hard abrasion resistant material. Rollers are arranged very close to each other's. Rollers are rotated at different speed & in ... A Scraper is provided to remove the material from roller no.3 Diagram: 

Description : Explain construction and working of Cutter mill or Hammer mill

Last Answer : CONSTRUCTION: It consists of a hopper at top and metal casing enclosing two sets of knives i.e. stationary knives attached to stator and rotating are attached to rotor. The lower part of the casing consists ... are not fixed. The mill can produce coarse to moderately fine powder DIAGRAM:  

Description : Explain principle and working of fluid energy mill with a diagram.

Last Answer : Principle  It works on the principle of impact and attrition. Working: The air or inert gas is introduced with a very high pressure through nozzles. Solids are introduced into air stream through inlet. ... 100 mesh and then passed through fluid energy mill. Diagram of fluid energy mill :

Description : Give principal and working of silverson homogenizer with labelled diagram.

Last Answer : Principal:   These work on the principal of braking large globules in to small globules by passing them under pressure through a narrow orifice. Working:   The emulsified head is placed in the vessel ... blades. So a fine emulsion is produced which is then expelled out. Diagram :

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of filter candle. Give its working and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Diagram : Working  : The filter candle is placed in a vessel containing the liquid to be filtered. When vacuum is applied, the pressure inside the candle is decreased. Due to ... Disadvantages   1. Chance of clogging/blocking. 2. Traces of material may come in the solution.

Description : Write the working of filter press with well labelled diagram.

Last Answer : Working:  1. The slurry is pumped in under positive pressure up to 20 bar and fill each frame. 2. The filtrate passes through the cloths on opposite sides of the frame and runs down between the ... 6. Thickness of cake can be varied by using frame of different thickness. Diagram: 

Description : Explain the working of ball mill with a well labeled diagram and give any two advantages

Last Answer : Working:   The drug to be ground is put into the cylinder of the mill and is rotated. The speed of the rotation is very different. At low speed, the mass of balls will slide or roll over each other ... for batch as well as continuous grinding vi)can be used for dry as well as wet grinding.

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of Vacuum still and describe its theory.

Last Answer : Theory :-  Liquid boils at lower temperature when pressure on the surface of the liquid is reduced. Therefore, when distillation is carried out under reduced pressure the rate of distillation increases. ... boiling point 100 ºc, at atmospheric pressure (760 mm of Hg ). Diagram: 

Description : Describe aerosol container with labelled diagram

Last Answer : PARTS OF AEROSOL PACKAGING: 1. Container: In pharmaceutical aerosol packaging, the containers are made from metal (tin-plated steel, aluminium and stainless steel), glass and plastic. These containers ... the propellant to come out without dispensing content of package. Aerosol container:

Description : Explain with the help of a neat sketch one of the evaporators covered under the group of natural circulation evaporators.

Last Answer : Natural circulation evaporators: The movement of liquid takes place as a result of convection current set up by heating process. Ex. evaporating pan, evaporating still, and short tube evaporator.  1. Evaporating ... area for evaporation. It consist of product outlet at bottom. Diagram:

Description : Explain the principle and construction of Planetary Mixer.

Last Answer : Principle :-  The planetary mixer consists of stationary vessel & anchor shape blade which has planetary motion. The anchor shape blade rotates on its axis & axis moves around . ... iv) The mixing shaft is driven by planetary gear connected to an electric meter. Diagram

Description : Explain theory and construction of FBD.

Last Answer : Theory of FBD: The equipment works on a principle of fluidization of the feed materials. In fluidization process, hot air is introduced at high pressure through a perforated bed of moist solid particulate. The wet solids ... from 5 kg to 200 kg with an average drying time of about 20-40 min.   

Description : Write construction and disadvantages of short tube evaporator.

Last Answer : Construction:   It consists of number of tubes which are from 1 to 2 meters in length and from 40- 80 mm in diameter. About 1000 tubes are fitted in a vessel upto 2.5 meter or ... It is quite complicated and expensive in construction. 2. Difficult to clean. 3. Maintenance is costly.

Description : Explain construction and application of tray dryer.

Last Answer : Construction of tray dryer.   The simplest form of dryer , the source of heat ( electric heater or steam coil) is at floor level & relies on natural convection. Therefore no efficient ... of crude drugs 2)For chemicals 3)For powders 4)For Granules used in tablet manufacturing 

Description : Explain with neat diagram construction and working of Ajax Wyatt vertical core induction furnace.

Last Answer : Neat sketch of Ajax Wyatt' vertical core furnace: Construction of Ajax Wyatt' vertical core furnace: Vertical core type induction heating furnace is nothing but transformer. It consists of ... is utilized to melt the charge. Where, R = Resistance of charge & I secondary current.

Description : Explain construction & working of attraction type M.I. instrument with neat diagram.

Last Answer : 1. Moving element: a small piece of soft iron in the form of a vane or rod.  2. In Attracted type a cylindrical coil or solenoid which is kept fixed. An oval-shaped soft-iron piece are ...   9. When = the pointer will be stable & we can get correct reading of the electrical quantity

Description : Explain the construction and working of a photoelectric cell with a neat diagram. 

Last Answer : Construction: 1. It consists of evacuated glass bulb having cathode (K) and anode (A). 2. The semi cylindrical cathode coated with photosensitive material from inner side. 3. The ... are attracted by anode. The photoelectric current flows through the circuit &millimeter shows the deflection.

Description : Describe the construction of SF6 circuit breaker with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Construction of SF6 Circuit Breaker : A sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) circuit breaker consists of fixed and moving contacts enclosed in a chamber. The chamber is called arc interruption ... contact, moving contact and arcing horn are coated with a copper-tungsten arc-resistant material. 

Description : Describe the construction and Operation of Buchholz relay with neat labeled diagram.

Last Answer : Construction of Buchholz Relay: It takes the form of a domed vessel placed in the connecting pipe between the main tank and the conservator. The device has two elements. The upper element ... manner that it senses the sudden violent movement of oil/gas from transformer tank to conservator. 

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of aerosol container and give its advantages and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Diagram of aerosol container Advantages:   1. Medicament can be delivered directly to affected areas. 2. Absence of air prevents oxidation. 3. Hydrolysis of medicament prevented ... on injured skin. 4. Difficulties occurred during formulation when drug not soluble in propellants.

Description : Define desiccation with two example of Desiccants and draw a diagram of “ Desiccator”

Last Answer : Definition: Desiccation is the process of complete removal of mechanically admixed water from substances. Examples of desiccants:  Silica, activated charcoal, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, and molecular sieves. Diagram:

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of aerosol container and state method of aerosol packaging. 

Last Answer : Diagram of aerosol container : Depending on the nature of the product concentrate the aerosol can be filed by cold filling or pressure filling process  1) Cold-filling fill process:- ... air present in the container must be expelled before filing the contents in to the aerosol container.

Description : Draw well labelled diagram of “triple roller mill”.

Last Answer : diagram of “triple roller mill”.

Description : Draw a labelled diagram of double cone blender

Last Answer : diagram of double cone blender