Differentiate between Active and Passive Immunity along with examples. 

1 Answer

Answer :

Active Immunity
Passive Immunity 
1) Antigens are injected in the human body as result antibodies are formed.
2) it develops slowly
3) it remains for longer time
4) the treatment is preventive
5) Immunological memory is present
6) Not useful in Immune-deficient hosts
7) Ex : Vaccines, toxoids
1) Readymade antibodies are injected in the human body
2) it develops quickly
3) it remains for the short period
4) the treatment is therapeutic
5) immunological memory is absent
6) Useful for immune-deficient host
7) Ex: Sera

Related questions

Description : Differentiate between Active and passive immunity.

Last Answer : Sr. no Active immunity Passive immunity 1 Antigens are injected in human body as a result, antibodies are formed Readymade antibodies are injected in human body 2 Onset of ... It is termed as serum sickness 6 Preparations : Vaccines , Toxoid Preparation: sera

Description : Differentiate the following and give examples of each (a) Innate and acquired immunity (b) Active and passive immunity -Science

Last Answer : (a) Innate & acquired immunity Innate immunity, also called inherent, natural, non specific immunity, comprises all those defence elements with which an individual is bom & which are ... Whereas passive immunity is conferred by transfer of immune products like antibodies etc. from other individual

Description : Define immunity. What are the different types of immunity?

Last Answer : Definition: Immunity is the power of body to resist effect of invasion of micro organisms Active Immunity-Antigens are injected in human body; as a result antibodies are formed. It ... are injected in human body. It develops quickly, it remains for short period treatment is therapeutic

Description : Discuss natural immunity in brief.

Last Answer : Natural immunity to diseases is possessed by an individual due to following factors: Age: majority of children in the age between 2-5 years are susceptible to diphtheria, where as adults ... susceptible. Individual: Some persons have more resistance against cold and skin diseases than others.

Description : Explain types of Immunity.

Last Answer : TYPES OF IMMUNITY   Natural immunity Age : Majority of children in the age group between 2-5 years are susceptible to diphtheria disease, whereas adults are immune to it. Race : While ... antibodies containing preparation (antiserum, sera) into the body It lasts for a short time only. 

Description : Define and classify Immunity.

Last Answer : Definition: The power of body to resist the effects of invasion of micro-organisms is called immunity. Classification:

Description : What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity? -Biology

Last Answer : answer:

Description : What is passive immunity and active immunity?

Last Answer : active immunity is the immunity that is stimulated internally as a a result of antibodies entering the body. Passive is stimulated by substances from an external source

Description : Does vaccination against a disease confer active or passive immunity?

Last Answer : Active immunity is conferred when the body manufactures antibodies in response to direct contact with an antigen. When an individual is again exposed to the antigen, the body remembers it and ... passive immunity helps the newborn to fight disease before its own immune system has developed.  

Description : Short-lived immunity acquired from mother to fetus across placenta or through mother’s milk to the infant is categorised as (a) active immunity (b) passive immunity (c) cellular immunity (d) innate non-specific immunity.

Last Answer : (b) passive immunity

Description : Identify the wrong statement with reference to immunity. (a) When exposed to antigen (living or dead) antibodies are produced in the host's body. It is called Active immunity . (b) When ... full response. (d) Fetus receives some antibodies from mother, it is an example for passive immunity

Last Answer : c) Active immunity is quick and gives full response.

Description : _____ implies that if enough people in a population are immunized against certain diseases, then it is very difficult for those diseases to spread. a. Herd immunity b. Passive immunity c. Active immunity d. Natural immunity

Last Answer : a. Herd immunity

Description : _____ acquired _____ immunity usually follows an obvious illness or it may follow a subclinical illness. a. Naturally; passive b. Artificially; active c. Naturally; active d. Artificially; passive

Last Answer : c. Naturally; active

Description : Immune complex formation and serum sickness are dangers of a. Artificially acquired passive immunity. b. Naturally acquired active immunity. c. Artificially acquired active immunity. d. Naturally acquired passive immunity.

Last Answer : a. Artificially acquired passive immunity.

Description : Exposure to the flu virus, contracting the flu, and recovering from the disease would be an example of a. Artificially acquired passive immunity. b. Naturally acquired active immunity. c. Artificially acquired active immunity. d. Naturally acquired passive immunity.

Last Answer : b. Naturally acquired active immunity.

Description : Differentiate between Liniment and lotion 

Last Answer : Sr.No. Liniment Lotion 1 Liniments are liquid or semiliquid preparations  Lotions are liquid preparations meant for external application  2 Liniments are viscous Lotions are slightly ... Applied with cotton gauze  8 Ex: Turpentine liniment  Ex: Sulphur lotion

Description : Differentiate between maceration process for organised drugs and maceration for unorganised drugs.

Last Answer : Sr. No. Organised Drugs  Unorganised drugs. 1 Drug along with whole menstrum is used in maceration process Drug along with 4/5th of menstrum is used in maceration process  2 The ... made by this process are: a. Tincture of Tolu b. Tincture of Myrrh c. Tincture of Benzoin

Description : Differentiate between sterilization and Disinfection. Enlist the different methods of sterilization.

Last Answer : Sterilization Disinfection It is the process of complete destruction of microorganisms present in the system It is process that removes infection potential by microorganisms In case of ... Seitz filters 3. Sintered glass filters 4. Sintered metal filters 5. Membrane filters

Description : Differentiate between Evaporation and Distillation and explain the working and application of simple distillation.

Last Answer : Evaporation Distillation:  1. Free escape of vapors from the surface of liquid below its boiling point. Evaporation takes place even at room temperature 1) Process of ... Concentration of liquid and to separate non volatile solid from the volatile liquid such as alcohol and ether.

Description : Differentiate filtration and clarification. Enlist the different factors affecting the rate of filtration.

Last Answer : Sr.No. Filtration Clarification 1 It is the separation of an insoluble solid from a fluid or gas by means of a porous medium that retain the solid but allow the fluid to pass. ... be filtered. 6. Particle size: 7. Pore size of filter medium: 8. Nature of solid material:

Description : Differentiate between simple and modified maceration with example.

Last Answer : Sr.No. Simple maceration  Modified maceration 1 Drug along with whole menstruum is used in maceration process  Drug along with 4/5th of menstruum is used in maceration process 2 ... made by this process are: a. Tincture of Tolu b. Tincture of Myrrh c. Tincture of Benzoin

Description : Differentiate between filtration and clarification. Enlist various filter media used in Pharmacy.

Last Answer : Sr. no. Filtration Clarification 1 It is process of removal of solids or suspended matter in a liquid or gas by passing through a porous medium in which solids are retained. ... wool iv) Asbestos v) Fine muslin vi) Filter cloth vii) Membrane filters viii) Sintered glass filters.

Description : Differentiate Maceration for organized drug and Maceration for unorganized drug

Last Answer : Maceration for organized drug Maceration for unorganized drug 1 Drug along with whole of menstrum is used in maceration process  Drug along with 4/5th of the menstrum is used ... lemon Example of tincture: Tincture of tolu, Tincture of catechu, compound tincture of benzoin.

Description : Differentiate between hard gelatin capsule and soft gelatin capsule.

Last Answer : SR. NO HARD GELATIN CAPSULES SOFT GELATIN CAPSULES 1 The hard gelatine capsule shell consists of two parts: Body and cap The soft gelatine capsule shell becomes a single unit. ... These capsules cannot be adulterated. 8 Ex. Amoxicillin capsule Ex. Pudin Hara capsule

Description : Give any three importance of dosage forms. Differentiate between Mouthwash and Gargle.

Last Answer : Importance of dosage forms : 1. To protect drug substances from oxidation, hydrolysis, reduction etc.eg. coated tablets, sealed ampoules etc. 2. To protect the drug from destructive effect of ... mouth wash, Listrin. 6. Examples: Phenol gargle, potassium chlorate gargle, Betadine.

Description : Differentiate between hard and soft gelatin capsules.

Last Answer : Sr.No Hard gelatin capsules  Soft gelatin capsules 1 The hard gelatin capsule shell consists of two parts: Body and cap The soft gelatin capsule shell becomes a single unit. ... These capsules cannot be adulterated 8 Eg. Becosules capsules Eg. Pudin Hara

Description : Differentiate between Endotoxins and exotoxins.

Last Answer : Exotoxin Endotoxin 1) These are toxins which can diffuse freely through the bacterial cell wall into the blood or the medium in which the microorganisms are growing 1)These toxins cannot ... named according to their mode of action 4) Diphtheria Antitoxin 4) Diphtheria Toxoid

Description : What are NDDS? Differentiate between sustained and controlled release dosage forms.

Last Answer : NDDS:  New drug delivery system delivers or aimed at maximizing the drug effectiveness or minimizing the side effects. Some of the Novel dosage forms are: 1) Implants 2) Controlled drug delivery system 3) ... drug. 6 e.g. sustain release tables. e.g. Transdermal patches. 

Description : Define capsule. Differentiate between hard and soft gelatine capsules.

Last Answer : Capsule:  Capsules are a solid unit dosage form in which the drug substances are enclosed in a water soluble shell or an envelope.  Differentiate: Sr.No Hard gelatin capsules  Soft ... These capsules cannot be adulterated  8 Eg. Becosules capsules  Eg. Pudin Hara

Description : Differentiate between active system and passive system of remote sensing.

Last Answer : Sr.No. Active System Passive System 1 In this system man made resources of energy are used. In this system natural sources of are used. 2 The electromagnetic waves ... . This system is limitedly useful in land use and land cover analysis and small scale mapping.

Description : Discuss the role of the HUB. Differentiate between Active Hub and Passive Hub.

Last Answer : HUB: Hub is a connecting device; it is also known as multiport repeater. It is normally used for connecting stations in a physical star topology All networks require a central location to bring media segments ... . They are much expensive than passive hubs. 4. They are not much expensive.

Description : Differentiate between active and passive earth pressure.

Last Answer : Active earth pressure and passive earth pressure are two types of soil pressures that occur on retaining walls and other structures that are built into or on top of soil. Active earth pressure is the pressure ... is the soil pressure that acts on the wall when the soil is in front of the wall.

Description : Differentiate between active and passive transducers

Last Answer : Active Transducer:- A transducer which do not requires external energy source to convert signal from one form to another. Active transducers passes gain. e.g. Thermometer,Thermocuople, bourdon tubes, ... other form. Passive transducer passes loss. e.g. Thermistor, strain gauges, LVDT etc .

Description : Define tablet as a dosage form along with advantages and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Definition:  Tablets are solid unit dosage form containing medicament or medicaments usually circular in shape and may be flat or biconvex. Advantages:   1. Easy to administered. 2. Easy to ... . 4. Bioavailability is low. 5. Bitter- tasting drugs, moisture sensetive drugs requires coating.

Description : Define capsule as a dosage form along with its advantages and disadvantages. 

Last Answer : Definition: Capsule: Capsules are a solid unit dosage form in which the drug substances are enclosed in a water soluble shell or an envelope. Advantages of capsules:  1. Drugs ... 2. Concentrated preparation which needs dilution before administration cannot be given in form of capsule.

Description : Explain different types of excipients used in formulation of tablets with suitable examples.

Last Answer : The following are some of the excipients which are generally required in the formulation of tablets: Diluents Granulating agents Binding agents Disintegrating agents Lubricants ,Glidant , Anti ... patient compliance. E.g. approved FD and C dyes, volatile oils and saccharin respectively

Description : Write the qualities of an ideal filter aids. Give examples of filter aid.

Last Answer : Ideal qualities of filter aid: i. It should be remain suspended in the liquid. ii. It should be free from impurities. iii. It should be inert. iv. It should have a particle size distribution ... ii. Cellulose. iii. Carbon. iv. Diatomaceous earth (silica). v.Perlite. vi.Activated Charcoal

Description : Define drug. Classify different types of dosage forms with examples

Last Answer : Drug- A chemical agent intended for use in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease in man or in other animals.

Description : Active and passive transports across cell membrane differ in (a) passive transport is nonselective (b) passive transport is along the concentration gradient while active transport is due to metabolic ... (d) passive transport is confined to anions while active transport is confined to cations.

Last Answer : (b) passive transport is along the concentration gradient while active transport is due to metabolic energy

Description : Assertion : Artificially acquired passive immunity results when antibodies or lymphocytes produced outside the host are introduced into a host. Reason

Last Answer : Assertion : Artificially acquired passive immunity results when antibodies or lymphocytes produced outside ... both the assertion and reason are false

Description : Passive immunity can be produced by administration of (A) Pure antigens (B) Immunoglobulins (C) Toxoids (D) Killed bacteria or viruses

Last Answer : Answer : B

Description : How passive immunity is acquired ?

Last Answer : Passive immunity is acquired through natural maternal antibodies, antitoxin, and immunoglobulin.

Description : Passive artificial immunity occurs in the body when a/an _____ is injected into the body or when a developing fetus receives antibodies across the placenta. a. antibody-rich serum b. antigens c. haptens d. adjuvant

Last Answer : a. antibody-rich serum

Description : Explain principle and working of fluid energy mill with a diagram.

Last Answer : Principle  It works on the principle of impact and attrition. Working: The air or inert gas is introduced with a very high pressure through nozzles. Solids are introduced into air stream through inlet. ... 100 mesh and then passed through fluid energy mill. Diagram of fluid energy mill :

Description : Give application of simple distillation. What is the principle of fractional distillation?

Last Answer : Applications of simple distillation:  i. It is used for the preparation of distilled water and water for injection. ii. Preparation of many volatile oils and aromatic water. iii. Purification ... becomes richer with the liquid having the lower boiling point which gets condensed in a condenser. 

Description : Mention official and unofficial evaluation test for tablets. Describe weight variation test. 

Last Answer : Official test list: 1. Size and shape of tablet. 2. Appearance. 3. Content of active ingredient. 4. Uniformity of weight/weight variation test 5. Uniformity of content 6. ... the percentage deviation given in the table and none should deviate by more than twice that percentage.

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of aerosol container and give its advantages and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Diagram of aerosol container Advantages:   1. Medicament can be delivered directly to affected areas. 2. Absence of air prevents oxidation. 3. Hydrolysis of medicament prevented ... on injured skin. 4. Difficulties occurred during formulation when drug not soluble in propellants.

Description : Discuss working of ball mill with neat diagram. 

Last Answer : Working: The drug to be ground is put into the cylinder of the mill and is rotated. The speed of the rotation is very different. At low speed, the mass of balls will slide or roll over each other and ... and passed through a sieve to get powder of the required size. Ball mill diagram:   

Description : Define pharmaceutical container. Give qualities of an ideal container.

Last Answer : Definition: Pharmaceutical container  A device that holds the drug and it may or may not be in direct contact with the pharmaceutical dosage form or preparations. Qualities of an ideal container:  1 ... and temperature. 7. Labelled easily 8. Non-toxic. 9. Closure easily removable/replaceable.

Description : Write the official standards of powder.

Last Answer : i. Coarse powder: A powder of which all particles pass through sieve no 10 with nominal aperture size 1.7mm and not more than 40% pass through sieve no 44 with nominal aperture size 355um.  ii. ... powder: A powder of which all particles pass through sieve no 120 with nominal aperture size 125 um.