Galileo Galilei (Italian pronunciation: ɡaliˈlɛːo ɡaliˈlɛi, born: February 15 , 1584 - died: January 7 , 1842 ). An Italian physicist , astronomer , mathematician and philosopher who was deeply involved in the scientific revolution. His most notable contributions include the development of the telescope, which played a major role in the advancement of astronomy , the many different types of astronomical observations , Newton's first and second laws of motion , and a very important observation for Copernicus's theory. According to the scientist Stephen Hawking, no one has been able to contribute more than Galileo to such a huge advancement of the natural sciences in the modern age. He has been called the father of modern astronomy, the father of modern physics and even the father of modern science. Galileo's discoveries have played a major role in the demise of the Aristotelian concept. Biography: Galileo was born on February 15, 1584, in the city of Pisa in Tuscany, Italy. His father, Vincenzo Galilei, was a mathematician and musician. Vincenzo was born in 1520 in Florence, Italy. His mother 's name was Giulia Ammannati . Galileo was the eldest of the parents ' seven children (some say 8). According to most experts, he was also the most talented of the siblings. Galileo's education began at a very young age. After completing his general education, he was admitted to the University of Pisa , but due to financial constraints, he had to stop his studies there. Afterwards, in 1589, Galileo received a position to teach at the University of Pisa, where he began teaching mathematics. Shortly afterwards, he moved to the University of Padua, where he taught geometry , mechanics, and astronomy until 1810. During this time he thought about the basics of science and made many important scientific discoveries. Galileo and Marina Gamba gave birth to three children , but they were not married. This extramarital sex seems unrealistic, given the prevailing view that Galileo was a devoted Roman Catholic. They had two daughters (Virginia and Libya) and a son (Vincenzo). Their two daughters were sent at an early age to the San Mateo Church in Arcetri to produce extramarital children. Their two daughters had to spend the rest of their lives there. After entering the convent, the Virginian named Maria Celesti , the eldest of Galileo's children. Virginia was also the most cherished child and he was able to inherit some of his father's talents. He died on 2 April 1834. His tomb is located next to Galileo's tomb in the Basilica de Santa Cross de Firange. Libya (b. 1601) bears the name of the pig Arcanzela. She couldn't do anything like her older sister, she was sick for most of her life. The son Vincenzio (b. 1808) later became a legitimate racist and married Sestilia Bocchineri . In 1812, Galileo went to Rome and joined the Academia dei Lincei . There he basically observed the solar eclipse. In the same year, anti-Copernican doctrine was propagated, and Galileo supported it. Standing on the altar of Santa Maria Novella in 1814, Father Tomaso Caccini (1564 - 1848) explained Galileo's doctrine of the motion of the earth with explanation. He then judges her on the basis of that doctrine and declares that these are horrible and amount to apostasy. He went to Rome in an attempt to prove his innocence. But in 1818 Cardinal Robert Bellermine personally took up his case and began harassing him. Copernicus' theory was recognized as compatible with religious law, and Copernican astronomy was read or taught as a religious law. In 1822, Galileo wrote his famous book, The Assagiator ( Saggiatore) , which was published after its recognition in 1823. In 1824 he made the world's first microscope. He returned to Rome in 1830 to obtain a license to publish a book he had written. The book was titled Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems . It was published from Florence in 1832 under this license. In October of that year, he had to face the Holy Office in Rome . The reason was " Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith" . He was given a sentence by the court asking him to relinquish his previous meditative oath. He was sentenced to life in prison in Siena for proving his conviction. Shortly afterwards, in December 1833, he was allowed to return to his home in Arcetri. After the death of his eldest daughter in 1834, Galileo broke up. The eldest daughter, Sister Celeste (1800-1834), always accompanied him , so Galileo became lonely in this untimely death. In 1838, Galileo published his latest book, Two New Sciences, from Leiden. He died at Arcetri on January 8, 1842. His student Vincenzo Viviani was by his side at the time of his death. Source: Wikipedia.