answer:I’ve seen a description of calculating the number of grains of sand on beaches. (Does not include rivers, streams, or ocean beds beyond the visible coast.) They did studies of types of sand, coarseness and size, and how many grains were in average volumes of those types of sands. E.g. fine grain sand has many more grains in a quart, and there is less space between grains. Then it was a matter of cataloging all the known beaches with the length and average width and depth. So you have the volume at each beach and with the type of sand can determine how many grains there. Add ‘em all up. Unless you meant actual gains of sand which might be an erosion calculation or some analysis of the cultural advances of the world’s sands, and I have no idea how to do that.